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| | Journal of Trauma Lead Abstract |
 | | Logistic regression was used to explore the impact of oxygen desaturation during laryngoscopy and postintubation hypocapnia and hypoxia on outcome. | | | The relationship between hypocapnia and ventilatory rate was explored using linear regression and univariate analysis. | | | In addition, trial patients and controls were compared with regard to mortality and the incidence of "good outcomes" using an odds ratio analysis. |
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http://www.aast.org/JTrauma_July04.html
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| | Hence, hypocapnia caused a prompt and marked constrictor response in the peripheral lung not associated with cholinergic mechanisms or those involving histamine H1-receptors or prostaglandins. | | | We studied the response of the peripheral lung to hypocapnia in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs using the wedged bronchoscope technique to measure resistance of the collateral system (Rcs). | | | Hypocapnia-induced constriction of peripheral airways may be important in regulating the distribution of ventilation in pathological conditions. |
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http://www.pharmacy-online-usa.com/ref-propranolol/propranolol-research-abs3.1489.html
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| | Buteyko Asthma Management: Printer Friendly: Self-Management of asthma through Normalisation of Breathing |
| | The clinical trial compared the efficacy of the Buteyko Breathing Method with conventional treatment of asthma. The control group, was on a regime of medical management, physiotherapy exercises, and asthma education, recorded no improvement. The Buteyko Method group significantly reduced bronchodilators (90%), asthma symptoms, and steroid medication, with significant improvements in their quality of life. | | | Buteyko's theory of the link between asthma and hyperventilation was supported by the finding of hyperventilation and hypocapnia in all participants in the study. | | | This paper outlines that study, highlights interesting findings from the research, and discusses the Buteyko Breathing Method as a self-management therapy for asthma sufferers and is not intended as a complete record of all clinical results. |
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http://www.buteyko.co.nz/buteyko/trials/print/tess.htm
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| | Lancet: |
| | For example, prophylactic hyperventilation to produce hypocapnia in acute head injury (a traditional therapy) is associated with a worsened neurological outcome.(13) In addition, hypocapnia before neonatal-extracorporeal-membrane oxygenation increases sensorineural hearing loss in children.(14) Hypocapnia is also a pathogenetic factor in pontosubicular necrosis,(15) a pattern of acute brain injury seen in infants with perinatal anoxia. | | | Re-evaluation of our traditional concepts of hypercapnia and hypocapnia may be valuable. | | | Most laboratory experimental work to date has focused on acute processes, but this does not preclude a role for therapeutic hypercapnia in chronic disease states in human beings. |
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http://wij.free.fr/lancet2.htm
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| | eMJA: Hensley & Gibson, Promoting evidence-based alternative medicine |
| | Consequently, it remains unclear whether hypocapnia and hyperventilation are important contributors to the pathophysiology of asthma, or merely a consequence of asthma itself. | | | Buteyko breathing techniques are based on the premise that the pathophysiology in asthma is due to hypocapnia as a result of hyperventilation. | | | The evaluation of BBT by Bowler et al was designed to overcome many of the limitations in clinical methodology that occurred in the trials of Chinese herbal medicines. |
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http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/xmas98/hensley/hensley.html
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| | Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants |
| | Experimental animal data and uncontrolled, observational studies in human infants have suggested that hyperventilation and hypocapnia may be associated with increased pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. | | | The association of early hypocapnia and BPD was also present in those infants believed to have less severe lung disease. | | | Further analysis comparing the infants with and without severe hypocapnia did not reveal any clinical factors related to the mechanical ventilation or severity of the respiratory distress that could further define the relationship between lowest PaCO2 and outcome. |
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http://www.nichd.nih.gov/cochraneneonatal/Woodgate/Woodgate.htm
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| | Carbon Dioxide |
| | Cognitive and perceptual deficits are perhaps most clearly understood by newcomers to this physiology by examining the effects of hypoxia on the behavior of pilots. | | | Good breathing "mechanics" rather than good respiratory physiology, has unfortunately become almost the exclusive focus of breathing training and learning, often along with insistence on tying it to "relaxation" training regimens in the context of specific philosophical and/or professional agenda. | | | *Note: "Overbreathing" is a behavior leading to the physiological condition known as hypocapnia, i.e., carbon dioxide deficit. |
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http://www.aboutbreathing.com/articles/carbon-dioxide.htm
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| | Injurious Effects of Hypocapnic Alkalosis in the Isolated Lung -- LAFFEY et al. 162 (2): 399 -- American Journal of ... |
| | Hypocapnia has been a standard therapeutic goal in critically ill patients, especially in situations in which pulmonary vascular | | | Carbon dioxide protects the perinatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic damage: an experimental study in the immature rat. | | | American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and allied disorders in relation to critically injured patients. |
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http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/162/2/399
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| | INDUCED APNEA definition |
| | Intentional respiratory arrest during general anaesthesia produced by hypocapnia, a muscle relaxant drug, respiratory centre depression, or sudden cessation of controlled respiration. |
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http://www.books.md/I/dic/inducedapnea.php
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| | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine: Hypoxic respiratory response during acute stable hypocapnia |
| | During acute hypocapnia, the respiratory drive is influenced minimally (1) or not at all (2-5) by changes in Pa^sub CO2^. | | | In previous human studies, the extent of central hypocapnia, at the time of the hypocapnic hypoxic challenge, was uncertain and likely varied considerably depending on the experimental approach used, thereby possibly explaining the divergent results (see DISCUSSION). | | | The hypoxic ventilatory response during hypocapnia has been studied with divergent results. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4085/is_200305/ai_n9277174
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| | DeeperBlue.net - Take a Deep Breath by Erik Seedhouse |
| | In more severe hypocapnia, the whole body becomes stiff (a condition referred to as tetany) due to contraction of skeletal muscle. | | | The objective signs of hypocapnia most often observed in a freediver are: | | | The combined effect of restricted blood flow and increased oxygen-binding results in stagnant hypoxia at the brain, which ultimately leads to unconsciousness (usually just below the surface). |
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http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/132
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| | 6.4 Respiratory Alkalosis - Metabolic Effects |
| | The main role of acute therapeutic hypocapnia is to provide acute reduction in ICP so that surgical treatment of intracerebral mass lesions can be facilitated. | | | There are some situations where intraoperative hyperventilation and hypocapnia is specifically useful eg to acutely reduce increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in neuroanaesthesia. | | | A chronic hypocapnia is associated with few symptoms because of the compensation that occurs. |
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http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab6_4.php
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 200, Orthostatic Hypotension And Syncope |
| | Syncope of gradual onset (with warning symptoms) and slow clearing suggests metabolic changes, eg, hypoglycemia or hypocapnia of hyperventilation; the latter is often preceded by paresthesias and chest discomfort. | | | Syncope due to pulmonary embolism usually indicates massive pulmonary vascular obstruction and is often associated with dyspnea, tachypnea, chest discomfort, cyanosis, and hypotension. | | | Presyncopal anxiety may be accompanied by hyperventilation; resultant hypocapnia causes cerebral vasoconstriction, further lowering brain perfusion (see hyperventilation syncope, below, and also Dyspnea in Ch. |
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http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter200/200b.htm
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| | 6.1 Respiratory Alkalosis |
| | Secondly, hypocapnia does not necessarily mean a respiratory alkalosis. | | | This may sound a bit of a technical quibble but there are adverse effects of the alternative practice. | | | hypocapnia occurring as a compensatory response to a metabolic acidosis -this compensatory response is secondary so is not a respiratory alkalosis. |
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http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab6_1.php
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| | APStracts 3:0507A, 1996. |
| | The primary aim of this study was to assess the ventilatory effect of CB hypocapnia on the ventilatory response to concomitant CB hypoxia. | | | Ventilatory effects of specific carotid body hypocapnia and hypoxia in the awake dog. | | | The secondary aim was to assess the relative gains of the CB and central chemoreceptors to hypocapnia. |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1996/jap/November/507a.html
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| | Ilse Van Diest, Ph D |
| | A second part (studies 7-9) focused on psychological consequences of hyperventilation. | | | I will defend my Ph.D. thesis entitled ‘Hyperventilation induced Hypocapnia: Psychological Causes and Consequences’ in May, 2003. | | | The first factor grouped hyperarousal symptoms typically associated with fight/flight tendencies; the second factor clustered systemic and sickness symptoms possibly stemming from a functional system promoting recuperative behavior in response to stress. |
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http://ppw.kuleuven.be/rshw/ilse.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | These authors raised the issue of whether hypocapnia and hyperventilation are important contributors to the disease mechanism of asthma or whether they are merely a consequence of asthma. | | | An Asthma Australia fact sheet on Buteyko, which recognises the Bowler study, states that ‘there is no evidence that the Buteyko Breathing Technique improves control of asthma. | | | So, the lungs of those using the Buteyko method did not function any better than those of the people in the control group by conventional lung function measures. |
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http://www.mydr.com.au/printerfriendly.asp?article=2711
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| | eMedicine - Respiratory Alkalosis : Article by Jackie A Hayes, MD, FCCP |
| | Perform a chest radiograph (CXR) to help rule out pulmonary disease as a cause of hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. | | | Symptoms may include paresthesias, circumoral numbness, chest pain or tightness, dyspnea, and tetany. | | | Fall PJ: A stepwise approach to acid-base disorders. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2009.htm
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| | Critical factors of intracerebral microdialysis as a technique to determine the pharmacokinetics of drugs in rat brain. | | | These results indicate that the biphasic changes in [Ca2+]i, coupled with an out-of-phase change in pHi, underlie the biphasic response of myocardial contractility to hypocapnia. | | | To elucidate the mechanism of this response, two parallel strategies were adopted: isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure (DP) and intracellular pH (pHi) were measured in isolated ferret hearts using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and isometric developed tension (DT) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in ferret papillary muscles using microinjected fura 2 salt. |
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http://www.darwinpharmacy.com/ref-atenolol/atenolol-research-abs3.213.html
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| | APStracts 2:0181A, 1995. |
| | Ventilatory effects of specific carotid body hypocapnia in the dog during wakefulness and sleep. | | | Carotid body perfusions lasted from 1 to 2 minutes and each trial was preceded by a 1 minute control period. | | | 5) Moderate carotid body hypocapnia was as effective as carotid body hyperoxia in reducing VT and I. We conclude that carotid body hypocapnia/alkalosis can significantly inhibit eupneic VT and ventilation during wakefulness and Non-REM sleep and, if the hypocapnia is severe enough, during REM sleep. |
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http://www.uth.tmc.edu/apstracts/1995/jap/May/181a.html
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| | UpToDate Pathogenesis of central sleep apnea |
| | Sleep state, hypocapnia, upper airway reflexes, and breathing instability may all have a contributing role in the absence of ventilatory motor output and the development of central apnea. | | | Hypocapnia during NREM sleep is a major cause of reduced ventilatory motor output in most patients with non-hypercapnic central apnea. | | | Short-term potentiation has been demonstrated in humans as well as in animals and is unaffected by the state of consciousness [ 3 ]. |
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http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=sleepdis/5428&title=GH+producing+%28Acromegaly%29+Pituitary+adenoma
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| | AS002 HYPOCARBIA: PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS |
| | The choroidal arterioles vasodilate in response to hypercapnia and constrict during hypocapnia, thereby changing intraocular volume and pressure. | | | The cardiovascular effects of acute hypocapnia in the awake human are generally minimal, but in the anesthetized or mechanically ventilated patient, cardiac output and blood pressure may fall because of the depressant effects of anesthesia and positive-pressure ventilation on heart rate, systemic resistance, and venous return. | | | Cardiac rhythm disturbances may occur in patients with coronary artery disease as a result of changes in oxygen unloading by blood from a left shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve (Bohr effect). |
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http://www.rashaduniversity.com/ashypphysef.html
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| | Conditions 3 and 4 were the same as condition 2 with the addition of furosemide, dexamethasone, mannitol, or fentanyl in groups 2 and 3. | | | The present study was designed to determine whether treatments routinely used in patients during anesthesia for neurological surgery would decrease Vf during desflurane anesthesia in rabbits. | | | The action of the isoflavone genistein on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been studied in many cell systems but not in intact murine tissues. |
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http://www.darwinpharmacy.com/ref-furosemide/furosemide-research-abs3.537.html
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| | Research Activities, May 2002: Outcomes/Effectiveness Research: Mechanical ventilation of low birthweight newborns ... |
| | The researchers examined a population-based cohort of 1,105 infants with birthweights of 500-2000 grams (roughly 1-4 pounds), substantially the largest such cohort study examining ventilatory practices as risks for cerebral palsy. | | | Although duration of mechanical ventilation in LBW newborns probably reflects severity of illness, both hypocapnia and hyperoxia can be largely controlled by ventilatory practice. | | | However, they have not substantially reduced the risk of cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders among low birthweight (LBW) infants. |
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http://www.ahrq.gov/research/may02/0502RA9.htm
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| | Poster 13 |
| | Also, more errors were made and slower reaction times were observed during hypocapnia, that did not correlate with the level of complaints. | | | Hyperventilation, producing hypocapnia (a reduced carbon-dioxide pressure in the blood), is associated with physiological changes in the brain and with subjective complaints of mental functioning (dizziness, concentration problems, derealization and feeling confused). | | | However, little research documents whether mental performance deficits are associated with these subjective complaints. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/isarp/summary/post_13.htm
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| | eMedicine - Alkalosis, Respiratory : Article Excerpt by: Girish G Deshpande, MD, FAAP |
| | This is quantitatively less profound than renal compensation and is not related to change in bicarbonate excretion. | | | In chronic respiratory alkalosis, increased urinary bicarbonate excretion resists the pH change caused by hypocapnia. | | | Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: alveolar hyperventilation, hyperventilation, acid-base disorders, increased blood pH, alkalemia, hypocapnia, urinary bicarbonate, plasma bicarbonate, acute alkalosis, chronic alkalosis, tetany, symptomatic hypocalcemia, dizziness, mental confusion, seizures, hypocarbia, excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, respiratory abnormality |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/byname/alkalosis-respiratory.htm
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| | Asthma Care Ireland - Information for Doctors and asthma nurses |
| | The following is a quotation from a paper entitled Demonstration and treatment of hyperventilation causing asthma: “Hyperventilation, leading to airways cooling, will cause bronchoconstriction in vulnerable individuals” but, “because attacks of asthma are accompanied by hyperventilation of physiological origin, the role of hyperventilation in causing asthma attacks may be overlooked”. | | | The conclusion drawn was that “hypocapnia may contribute to airway obstruction in asthmatic patients, even when water and heat loss is prevented.”2 So while a loss of carbon dioxide has no affect on individuals without asthma, it does cause airway obstruction leading to asthma symptoms among those with asthma. | | | Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. |
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http://www.asthmacare.ie/profession.shtml
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| | Poster 9 |
| | The association between symptomatic hyperventilation and asthma has been emphasized by others. | | | This is of relevance in the study of patients with hyperventilation related disorders. | | | The subjects with the more extreme reductions of PETCO2 may well be more vulnerable to developing clinically significant hyperventilation, but this requires further study. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/isarp/conf_00/post_9.htm
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