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| | Hypertensive Retinopathy |
 | | However, hypertensive retinopathy changes resolve over time with the reduction of systemic blood pressure (BP). | | | The patient with hypertensive retinopathy, as expected, suffers from hypertension. | | | Management of hypertensive retinopathy involves appropriate treatment of the underlying hypertension. |
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http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/SECT41b.HTM
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| | eMedicine - Encephalopathy, Hypertensive : Article by Ryan C Chang, MD |
| | Accelerated hypertension is associated with group 3 Keith-Wagener-Barker retinopathy, which is characterized by retinal hemorrhages and exudates on funduscopic examination. | | | Deterioration of clinical status despite therapy warrants immediate and further investigation into other possible etiologies or reevaluation of therapy for worsening hypertensive encephalopathy. | | | Hypertensive encephalopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other potentially life-threatening etiologies must be considered in assessing a patient with neurologic deficits. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic667.htm
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| | OPS - Fluorescein Angiography |
| | The most common uses of fluorescein angiography are in retinal or choroidal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy and vascular occlusions. | | | A number of multicenter clinical trials utilize fluorescein angiography in investigating new treatment options in diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. | | | In diabetic retinopathy the angiogram is useful in identifying the extent of ischemia, the location of microaneurysms, the presence of neovascularization and the extent of macular edema. |
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http://www.opsweb.org/Op-Photo/Angio/FA/FA3.htm
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| | OPS - Fluorescein Angiography |
| | The most common uses of fluorescein angiography are in retinal or choroidal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy and vascular occlusions. | | | A number of multicenter clinical trials utilize fluorescein angiography in investigating new treatment options in diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. | | | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment option for macular degeneration that received FDA approval in 2000. |
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http://www.opsweb.org/Op-Photo/Angio/FA/FA3.htm
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| | eMedicine - Hypertension, Malignant : Article by John D Bisognano, MD, PhD, FACP, FACC |
| | Hypertensive encephalopathy is a symptom complex of severe hypertension, headache, vomiting, visual disturbance, mental status changes, seizure, and retinopathy with papilledema. | | | Malignant hypertension and accelerated hypertension are both hypertensive emergencies, with similar outcomes and therapies. | | | Neurological presentations are occipital headaches, cerebral infarct, cerebral hemorrhage, or hypertensive encephalopathy. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1107.htm
(3927 words)
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| | OPS - Fluorescein Angiography |
| | The most common uses of fluorescein angiography are in retinal or choroidal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy and vascular occlusions. | | | In diabetic retinopathy the angiogram is useful in identifying the extent of ischemia, the location of microaneurysms, the presence of neovascularization and the extent of macular edema. | | | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment option for macular degeneration that received FDA approval in 2000. |
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http://www.opsweb.org/Op-Photo/Angio/FA/FA3.htm
(242 words)
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| | Close control of blood pressure associated with fewer eye problems in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| | David R. Matthews, F.R.C.P., of the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, England, and colleagues investigated the relationship between tight blood pressure (BP) control and diabetic retinopathy (a type of eye disorder associated with diabetes) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). | | | The researchers studied 1,148 hypertensive patients (average age, 56) who had DM for an average duration of 2.6 years at the beginning of the study. | | | Hypertension also increases the risk of microvascular disease (including diseases of the eye like retinopathy, which can affect vision), and reducing blood pressure has been known to reduce the risk of microvascular disease. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-11/jaaj-cco110404.php
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| | Retinitis Pigmentosa: Retinal Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition |
| | Introduction· Blockage of Central Retinal Arteries and Veins· Cancers Affecting the Retinal· Detachment of the Retina· Diabetic Retinopathy· Endophthalmitis· Hypertensive Retinopathy· Macular Degeneration (Age-Related)· Macular Pucker·Retinitis Pigmentosa | | | However, an experimental treatment in which fetal retinal tissue is transplanted into people with retinitis pigmentosa has been reported to improve vision. | | | Several tests, such as the electroretinogram, which is a test of the electrical response of the retina to light, may help make the diagnosis. |
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http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec20/ch234/ch234e.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Malignant hypertension (arteriolar nephrosclerosis) |
| | Malignant hypertension is usually defined as very high blood pressure with swelling of the optic nerve behind the eye, called papilledema (grade IV Keith-Wagner hypertensive retinopathy). | | | Malignant hypertension is usually accompanied by other organ damage like heart failure, kidney failure, and hypertensive encephalopathy. | | | An eye examination will reveal changes that indicate high blood pressure, including papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve), retinal bleeding, or infarction (cotton wool spots or soft exudate -- fluid with cellular debris) in the retina. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000491.htm
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| | Pregnancy and the Eye |
| | The changes that occur in retinopathy due to PIH are similar to changes from hypertensive retinopathy. | | | Symptomatic pituitary adenomas may require the combined efforts of an ophthalmologist or optometrist, obstetrician, neurosurgeon, and endocrinologist to decide upon appropriate medical, surgical or radiation treatment. | | | This condition may represent as a sudden onset of headache, visual loss, and/or ophthalmoplegia. |
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http://optom.tripod.com/pregnancy_and_the_eye.htm
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| | Ophthalmoscope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In arterial hypertension, hypertensive changes of the retina closely mimic those in the brain, and may predict cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). | | | In patients with diabetes mellitus, regular ophthalmoscopic eye examinations (once every 6 months to 1 year) is mandatory to screen for diabetic retinopathy as visual loss due to diabetes can be prevented by retinal laser treatment if retinopathy is spotted early. | | | In patients with headaches, the finding of swollen optic discs, or papilledema, on ophthalmoscopy is a key sign, as this indicates raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which could be due to hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (aka pseudotumor cerebri) or brain tumor, amongst other conditions. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoscope
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| | News - Reduced Creatinine Clearance Appears Linked to Subclinical Organ Damage in Hypertensive Patients |
| | Analysis of the clinical characteristics of study patients revealed a mean creatinine clearance of 83±21.2 mL/min, and a prevalence of 13% for LVH and 49% for retinopathy. | | | An association between decreased creatinine clearance and hypertensive end-organ damage is of interest, because it may help explain the high morbidity and mortality in patients with mild renal dysfunction, according to Giovanna Leoncini and colleagues of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa. | | | Mildly decreased creatinine clearance is a marker of preclinical cardiac and vascular damage in hypertensive patients with normal serum creatinine, Italian researchers report. |
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http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256E5000339305
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| | Alternative Medicine Review: Ruscus aculeatus - butcher's broom - Monograph |
| | Butcher's broom was shown to be as or more effective than troxerutin for microangiopathic complications, including retinopathy, in 60 patients with type 2 diabetes. | | | Similarly, tyramine-containing herbs should theoretically not be combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors to avoid hypertensive crises. | | | Butcher's broom has been shown to have a significant effect on patients with hemorrhoids in an open trial, with 75 percent of participating physicians rating butcher's broom's efficacy as good or excellent. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FDN/is_6_6/ai_81761457
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| | evitamin |
| | Vitamin E is a low-cost, readily available compound associated with few known side effects; thus, its use could have a dramatic socioeconomic impact if found to be efficacious in delaying the onset of diabetic retinopathy and/or nephropathy." (25) Vitamin E also works synergistically with insulin to lower high blood pressure in diabetics. | | | Vasdev S, Gill V, Parai S, Longerich L, Gadag V. Dietary vitamin E supplementation lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | | | The data suggest that vitamin E supplementation improves immune responsiveness in healthy elderly." (36) In a second study, "using a double blind protocol, immune response was studied in a group receiving vitamin E (800 mg per day) versus placebo. |
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http://www.doctoryourself.com/evitamin.htm
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| | eMedicine - Pheochromocytoma : Article by Ann T Sweeney, MD |
| | Medical therapy is used for preoperative preparation prior to surgical resection, acute hypertensive crises, and primary therapy for patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma. | | | Physical: The clinical signs associated with pheochromocytoma include hypertension (which may be paroxysmal in 50% of cases), postural hypotension, retinopathy, fever, pallor, tremor, cafe au lait spots, or neurofibromas. | | | Medical Care: Surgical resection of the tumor is the treatment of choice and usually results in cure of the hypertension. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1816.htm
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| | Hypertension Online Slides - diuretic, ARB, antihypertensive therapy |
| | Hypertensive patients not being treated with an ACEI or an ARB continued to receive their prior conventional antihypertensive therapy. | | | Ninety-four percent of patients who entered the study were undergoing antihypertensive treatment. | | | There are a number of trials demonstrating the superiority of drug therapy versus placebo in reducing outcomes, including cardiovascular events, and microvascular complications of retinopathy and progression of nephropathy. |
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http://www.hypertensiononline.org/slides2/slide01.cfm?q=diuretic
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| | eMedicine - Vitreous Hemorrhage : Article by Gregory L Larkin, MD, MSPH, MS, FACEP |
| | Examining the uninvolved eye may provide clues to the underlying cause of hemorrhage in the involved eye, such as dot and blot hemorrhages of diabetic retinopathy, drusen and exudate in macular degeneration, or venous dilation in hypertensive disease and vein occlusion. | | | Preretinal (ie, subhyaloid) hemorrhage commonly is observed on the fundus upon examination of shaken infants. | | | Patients with acute vitreous hemorrhage frequently seek emergency care because the loss of vision is dramatic. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic789.htm
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| | The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Hypertension in Athletes and Active Patients |
| | For patients who have conditions such as pathologic LV hypertrophy, hypertensive nephropathy or retinopathy, or peripheral vascular disease, the type and severity of the condition and the nature of the sport determine the patient's ability to participate safely (1). | | | Even resistance training (8 to 10 major-muscle-group exercises two to three times per week), especially circuit weight training (10,11), may help lower blood pressure when the exercises are done at 40% to 50% of the patient's one-repetition maximum (12). | | | In general, dynamic or isotonic exercise results in lower total peripheral resistance and greater systolic blood pressure (180 to 220 mm Hg) with little or no change in diastolic pressure. |
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http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1999/04_99/macknight.htm
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