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| | skeleton |
 | | The human skeleton is composed of 206 bones, with the vertebral column (spine) forming the central supporting structure. | | | The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones and provides a strong but flexible supportive framework for the body. | | | Molluscs, worms, and other ‘soft’ invertebrates have a hydrostatic ‘skeleton’ that supports the body and facilitates locomotion. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006871.html
(495 words)
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| | Conclusions |
| | The hydrostatic pressure exerted by the fluid against the walls is sufficient to maintain the circular structure of the earthworm's body. | | | The skeletal system of these mammals is very similar to our own, with an axial skeleton protecting the brain, spinal cord, and lungs, and an appendicular skeleton providing support and movement for the appendages, most notably the arms and legs. | | | The bony skeleton provides more support, but less flexibility means slower tail movements, a reason that these fish can not move as fast as the sharks. |
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http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/Dissection_Lab/conclusions.html
(2918 words)
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| | Muscular and Skeletal Systems |
| | Internal pressures generated by muscle contractions cause movement as well as maintain the shape of the animals, such as the sea anemone and worms. | | | Some areas of the human body, however, retain cartilage in the adult: in joints and flexible structures such as the ribs, trachea, nose and ears. | | | This system (often treated as two separate systems, the muscular, and skeletal) plays an important homeostatic role: allowing the animal to move to more favorable external conditions. |
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http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/TheBones/MuscularSkeletal/MuscularSkeletal.htm
(2373 words)
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| | AnimalPhylogeny2 |
| | All of the muscles of the body wall will tend to increase the pressure in the body cavity when they contract, so they are all antagonistic to each other. | | | The opposing view is that the most successful phyla are those that have discovered ways to use mesodermal tissue for a variety of new functions. | | | This condition has traditionally been considered primitive, indicating that Platyhelminthes are the closest living representatives of the earliest bilaterally symmetric Metazoa, and newer molecular evolution studies are supporting this idea. |
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http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~brokawc/Bi11/AnimalPhylogeny2.html
(4056 words)
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| | Skeleton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | If the structures are mineralized or ossified, as they are in humans and other mammals, they are referred to as bones. | | | Located internally in cnidarians (coral, jellyfish, etc.) and annelids (leeches), among others, these animals can move by contracting the muscles surrounding the fluid-filled pouch, creating pressure within the pouch that causes movement. | | | Animals such as earthworms use their hydrostatic skeletons to change their body shape as they move forward from long and skinny to short and stumpy. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton
(423 words)
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| | Chapter 48: Support Systems and Locomotion |
| | Skeletons protect organs: skull (brain), vertebral column (spinal cord), and rib cage (heart and lungs). | | | Skeletal muscle contraction causes ATP breakdown, releasing heat that is distributed about the body. | | | When muscles contract, they shorten; therefore, skeletal muscles must work in antagonistic pairs. |
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http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/apbio48.html
(2217 words)
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| | Chapter 5: Introduction to the Hydrostatic Skeleton |
| | Assuming a constant fluid volume, a change in the width of the animal must be compensated for by a change in length, which is brought about by the increase in internal hydrostatic pressure during muscle contraction. | | | Shape changes possible in a worm-like organism equipped with only longitudinal muscles. | | | A rigid skeletal system is required in a terrestrial environment. |
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http://bama.ua.edu/~clydeard/bsc376/lecture9.htm
(844 words)
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| | NEMATOLOGY 110 - Cuticle |
| | The coelomic fluid is incompressible, so pressure is transferred as muscles contract and deform the body. | | | If the nematode body wall is ruptured, the internal body contents are ejected through the wound due to this high internal pressure. | | | NOTE: The nematode body has a high internal turgor pressure, a pressure generally higher (16-225 mm Hg) than what is seen in most other invertebrates. |
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http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/ENT156HTML/intro/cuticle
(704 words)
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| | Locomotion and Support |
| | Even though some of the skeletons will not have muscles attached, you should still study them from the viewpoint that they are equipped with muscles (back view, front view). | | | Arthropods have an exoskeleton - a hard body covering with all the muscles and organs located inside it. | | | The earthworm is an example of an organism that makes effective use of the hydrostatic skeleton. |
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http://www.rit.edu/~gtfsbi/genbiol/Lab4.htm
(1457 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | All vertebrate skeletons have consistent features, both the overall pattem described below and the number, shape, and articulation of the individual bones. | | | The basic patterns are modified according to the needs of each animal. | | | The skeleton and muscles interact in movement (Module 30.7). |
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http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI1020/hall/lecture17.html
(2173 words)
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| | Spiders - Life, death and the spider skeleton |
| | Confined within this semi-rigid space the blood pressure can be varied by changes in heartbeat frequency or contraction and relaxation of muscles, notably the strong thoracic muscles. | | | This is important in maintaining body shape (turgor) and function. | | | A spider (like all arthropods) has an external, cuticular skeleton provided with flexible joints. |
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http://www.austmus.gov.au/spiders/toolkit/structure/life.htm
(231 words)
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| | Endeavors, UNC-Chapel Hill : Winter 2004 |
| | Before her experiments, biologists assumed that the crab skeletal system was static, she says. | | | If suddenly you discarded your bones, your muscles would have nothing to contract and expand against, and you'd just melt into a blob of skin, muscle, and cartilage. | | | Even though crustaceans have a skeleton on the outside, biologists figured that without it, the crab and lobster muscles couldn't work. |
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http://research.unc.edu/endeavors/win2004/two_at_top.html
(1819 words)
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| | Epoint Web Service Notes |
| | Earthworm moves by means of Hydrostatic Skeleton further helped by two sets of muscles namely Longitudinal and Circular muscles. | | | This skeleton lies inside the body surrounded by the muscles. | | | Helminths or flatworms have got hydrostatic skeleton covered with three types of muscles, which are longitudinal, circular and Transverse. |
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http://www.epoint.8m.net/xiibiologysupandloco.htm
(2224 words)
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| | New Page 1 |
| | Gut separated from body wall and with own muscles so can work independently. | | | Acts as hydrostatic skeleton against which muscles can act. |
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http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/backwell4/nematoda.htm
(219 words)
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| |
| | Bizarre Facts in Biology |
| | What advantage might a spider have by using a hydrostatic skeleton for movement, rather than relying exclusively on muscle? | | | Muscles attached to the inside of the spider limb exoskeleton act only as flexors; extensor muscles simply do not exist! | | | This interaction between antagonistic muscles is so important that most animals with skeletons (endoskeletons or exoskeletons) use it. |
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http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_audesirk_bloe_7/0,8753,1142359-,00.html
(387 words)
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| |
| | The Skeleton |
| | More detail of the spine, in particular how the thoracic vertebrae link up with the ribs is shown in the Anatomy Coloring Book by Kapit and Elson. | | | Exoskeletons, as the name implies, are skeletons which encase the organisms body. | | | The human skeleton not only provides support, protection and a means of locomotion and movement, but (in some bones) is involved in the production of red blood cells. |
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http://www.newi.ac.uk/buckleyc/biology/skeleton.htm
(1550 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Compare internal, external and hydrostatic skeletal systems in terms of structure and function. | | | Explain the chemistry of muscle contraction as it relates to myofilaments, actin and myosin. | | | Contrast the ways in which muscles attach to an arthropod skeleton and a vertebrate skeleton. |
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http://www.nmc.edu/~ftank/temp/45m.html
(354 words)
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| | Effectors |
| | Part of organisms that carry out response to stimuli | | | Worm has longitudinal and circular muscles in each segment | | | Muscles require skeletons to provide mechanical support against which they pull |
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http://carroll1.cc.edu/~jclausz/bio160/LO/effectors.html
(141 words)
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - hydrostatic |
| | fluid mechanics, applications of hydrostatics, “Eureka!”: discovery of buoyancy principle, historical foundation, overview, principle defined by... | | | Fluid Mechanics, physical science dealing with the action of fluids at rest or in motion, and with applications and devices in engineering using... | | | Osmosis, in botany and chemistry, the flow of one constituent of a solution through a membrane while the other constituents are blocked and unable to... |
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http://encarta.msn.com/hydrostatic.html
(93 words)
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| | Muscle and Skeleton for Biochemistry II @ La Canada High School |
| | Mollusk shells protect the body, but parts such as the fleshy foot and eyestalks are often moved through hydrostatic mechanisms. | | | The hydrostatic skeleton firms the animal body through fluid pressure against a resistant wall. | | | Sheetlike muscles in the abdomen originate and insert via flattened tendons called aponeuroses. |
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http://www.lcusd.net/lchs/mewoldsen/Muscle&Skeleton.htm
(1571 words)
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| | highli09 |
| | So muscles not only act as antagonists, but can present a thrust against the environment. | | | Locomotion involves the hydrostatic skeleton in conjunction with circular and longitudinal (lateral) muscles, with setae (bristles) for traction. | | | Ectoderm (skin and nerves), mesoderm (muscle, skeleton, and internal organs such as kidneys, gonads, and circulatory organs), and endoderm (gut lining) are germ layers in the forming embryo. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/crone/3050/highli09.html
(1172 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | How does fiber arrangement in a hydrostatic skeleton affect the mechanical behavior of the skeleton? | | | In a skeleton built of hard levers, how do lever arm proportions vary to produce force advantage? | | | What are its principal components, and how is it reinforced against bulging and tearing? |
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/diakelly/150/Exam2Guide.html
(685 words)
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| | CHAPTER 48, SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND LOCOMOTION |
| | About how many bones make up a human skeleton? | | | Scientist utilize carpet beetles to reduce an animal carcass to bones. | | | Which of the following bones is/are Not part of the axial skeleton? |
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http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/apbio48quiz.html
(2640 words)
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| | Hydrostatic skeleton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Such skeletons are mostly found in soft-bodied invertebrates such as such as earthworms and jellyfish. | | | A hydrostatic skeleton is one in which the body's shape and/or function is maintained by an incompressible fluid such as blood or hemolymph. | | | A fluid-filled cavity is surrounded by muscle fibres, which can contract to change the shape of the cavity. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_skeleton
(82 words)
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| | Student Xpress Educational Supplement |
| | Voluntary muscles are attached to the skeleton and used for movement. | | | An example of this joint is the bones of the skull, which are fused together. | | | The Human skeleton is located internally and is called an endoskeleton. |
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http://www.studentxpress.ie/educ/biology/bio5.html
(767 words)
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| |
| | Cnidaria Lecture 1 |
| | Fig 117 The action of circular and longitudinal muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton. | | | The body wall includes circular and longitudinal muscles which act against the hydrostatic skeleton of the column. | | | *skeleton is necessary to permit muscles to antagonize each other |
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http://www.lander.edu/RSfox/310cnidaria1Lec.html
(2968 words)
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| |
| | GLOSSARY H |
| | hydrostatic skeleton Fluid-Þlled closed chambers that give support and shape to the body in organisms such as jellyÞsh and earthworms. |
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossH.html
(740 words)
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| | Course book links |
| | Because of their functional properties, muscle cells require a rigid skeleton to work properly and yet the earliest invertebrates, lack a structural skeleton. | | | In the early coelomate animals the hydrostatic skeleton acted as a single entity and involved the entire body musculature to generate a burrowing movement. | | | The function of the hydrostatic skeleton will be discussed and illustrated with various examples of its use. |
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http://www.soton.ac.uk/~ceb/teaching/105/coursebooklinks.htm
(1406 words)
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| | animals.html |
| | Why would the hydrostatic skeleton be less effective than these other two? | | | There are two other forms of skeletons in addition to the hydrostatic skeleton: exoskeletons found in arthropods like insects, and endoskeletons found in vertebrates. | | | Why do biologists say that protists are not monophyletic but that animals are? |
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http://www.uvm.edu/~lehiggin/teaching/bio2C/animals.html
(482 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | 2 30.5 A human's internal organs are protected mainly by the hydrostatic skeleton. | | | endoskeleton hydrostatic skeleton exoskeleton a and b b and c 2 30.2 A stronger muscle contraction occurs when the brain activates muscle cells more quickly. | | | fly-endoskeleton earthworm-exoskeleton dog-exoskeleton lobster-exoskeleton bee-hydrostatic skeleton 4 30.2 When a horse is running fast, its body position is stabilized by side-to-side undulation. |
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http://www.msci.memphis.edu/~wiemerhp/trg/corpora/biology/Ch30cast.txt
(967 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | - exoskeleton/endoskeleton - hydrostatic skeleton - muscles - muscles move the skeleton, and therefore the animal by contracting. | | | Movement and locomotion: Background: Two parts care needed: - skeleton - provide support, protection, and help for movement (see the muscles & bones lab). | | | Intercalated disks allow for rapid dissemination of electrical signal, causing these muscles to contract almost simultaneously. |
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http://mason.gmu.edu/~alaemmer/bio303/lect-nerve-motor.html
(635 words)
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| | Skin, Skeletons and Muscles |
| | To be able to relate the structure of the integumentary system to its functions | | | Skin is an interface between the internal and external environments | | | To understand the functions of the skeleton and how it is constructed |
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http://www.users.csbsju.edu/~wlambert/bio116/topics/00/3.2muscles.htm
(235 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | B Coelom serves as hydrostatic skeleton, permits development of complex organ systems, protects internal structures and permits internal organs to function separately from body wall muscles | | | Mollusks and annelids are among the major variations on the protostome body plan. | | | C Segmentation also provided for specialization of different body regions. |
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http://chesterfield.k12.va.us/~elikins/chap26.html
(282 words)
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| |
| | Amazing Crabs |
| | Many animals, such as worms, rely on hydrostatic skeletons all their lives. | | | Immediately after molting the hydrostatic pressure inside crabs jumps significantly higher, allowing the crabs to use this pressure to move their muscles. | | | While a hydrostatic skeleton isn't so remarkable in itself, what is remarkable is that the crab alternates between using the two kinds of skeletons. |
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http://amos.indiana.edu/library/scripts/crabs.html
(265 words)
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| |
| | Lab 17 - The Hydrostatic Skeleton |
| | In this laboratory session you are asked to consider modes of locomotion and the utilization of something called the hydrostatic skeleton. | | | While this is not totally correct, since flagellated plant gametes can move and many attached, filter feeding invertebrates are sessile; movement or locomotion is generally considered an animal characteristic. | | | Before you begin this lab, review the different types of body cavities with your instructor. |
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http://online.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_17hydrostaticsk
(120 words)
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| |
| | skeleton - Wiktionary |
| | A frame that provides support to a building or other construction. | | | She lost so much weight while she was ill that she became a skeleton. | | | (From the sled used, which originally was a bare frame, like a skeleton.) A type of tobogganning in which competitors lie face down, and descend head first (compare luge). |
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http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Skeleton
(101 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | squid; a 3D array of muscles acts as a hydrostatic skeleton for operational muscles - eg. | | | the trunk of an elephant has little fluid + Rigid (Hard) skeletons - characteristic of exoskeletons - found in cnidarians, other spp. | | | Note2: ASCII drawings may not render properly on all browsers anyway :) look at the nice ones in the textbook if this applies to you. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/~bali/biol233/233-b.txt
(641 words)
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| |
| | [No title] |
| | Part IV: Organ Systems of Animals Chapter 32 — Support and Movement Describe a hydrostatic skeleton. | | | What uses do animals make of a hydrostatic skeleton? |
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http://biology.nwc.cc.wy.us/biology/Kimble/BIIGIV.htm
(1010 words)
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| |
| | A hydrostatic skeleton is comprised of a trapped volume of fluid that is under pressure |
| | Setae, however, are not cavities, have nothing to do with water (hydro) and are not part of the skeletons of any animals that we have covered to this point. | | | A hydrostatic skeleton is comprised of a trapped volume of fluid that is under pressure. | | | A hydrostatic skeleton is comprised of a trapped volume of fluid that is under pressure |
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http://www2.tltc.ttu.edu/dini/a_hydrostatic_skeleton_is_compri.htm
(81 words)
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| |
| | Cnidaria |
| | -A hydrostatic skeleton is water or body fluids confined in a cavity of the body and against which contractile elements of the body wall act. | | | -They have a hydrostatic skeleton to aid in support and movement. | | | -In the Cnidaria, the water-filled gastrovascular cavity acts as a hydrostatic skeleton. |
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http://www.snow.edu/~allans/biology1320/cnidaria.html
(737 words)
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| |
| | Biology Body Shop: Gr. 4 & 5 Kaleidoscope |
| | Hydrostatic skeleton - How does a hydrostatic skeleton work? | | | Get to know the earthworm - Read only about setae and movement, hearts, breathing, | | | Earthworm anatomy - instructions for dissection without actual worm! |
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http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listbiologymr.html
(217 words)
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| |
| | Invertebrates: Animals without Backbones |
| | Invertebrates don't have an internal skeleton made of bone. | | | Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the jelly fish or worm. | | | Others have a hard outer shell, like insects and crustaceans. |
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http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/Animals/AnimalIndexInv.htm
(96 words)
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| |
| | Phylum Annelida |
| | Gametes shed into coelom; exit through gonoducts, nephridia, or rupture of body wall. | | | Septa enable hydrostatic skeleton to function independently in each section |
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http://www.d.umn.edu/biology/courses/bio3701/annelida.htm
(277 words)
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| |
| | zoonotes2 |
| | A Synopsis of the Biology of Pseudocoelomates -- (with a focus on Nematoda) | | | non-ciliated cuticle of collagen secreted by epidermis; maintains hydrostatic pressure; molted four times during lifetime |
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http://www.loyno.edu/~chood/zooweb/zoonotes2.html
(1339 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | - move by using several different muscle groups (working against a hydrostatic skeleton), or by using cilia (hence "turbellaria). | | | Together with pseudocoelom (which provides a hydrostatic skeleton) provides a skeleton for the worm. | | | - trochophore larvae - hydrostatic skeleton [OVERHEAD, fig. |
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http://mason.gmu.edu/~alaemmer/bio303/lect-worms.html
(1035 words)
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| |
| | Zoology: Protection, Support, Movement Chapter 38 |
| | Otherwise, an unsupported invertebrate could contract into a blob and it would remain a blob. | | | Hydrostatic skeleton - fill a confined space with water - e.g. |
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http://www.rhodes.edu/biology/glindquester/zoology/18n19skinbonemuscle.html
(1259 words)
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| |
| | NEMATOLOGY 110 - 1996 Syllabus |
| | A body cavity wherein the ectoderm or endoderm are not lined by mesodermal tissues___ | | | Forms the outer barrier for the nematode hydrostatic skeleton.____ |
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http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156html/110examquestions.htm
(705 words)
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