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| | Climate Change Impacts on the US. Sector: Human Health |
 | | The human health sector looked at how climate affects human health in the United States and at how climate change and variability might affect our health. | | | Human Health Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the United States. | | | The health sector team analyzed scientific research and government data on and how climate change might affect our health. |
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http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/nacc/health
(407 words)
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| | Human Behavioral Ecology |
| | The aim of modern human behavioural ecology is to determine how ecological and social factors affect behavioral variability within and between populations. | | | Human behavioral ecology applies evolutionary ecology models and concepts to the study of human behavioral diversity. | | | When applied to the analysis of behavior, evolutionary ecology is conventionally termed "behavioral ecology." Behavioral analyses have been an integral element of evolutionary ecology from the beginning, treating topics such as foraging strategies, mating systems, and spatial organization and competition. |
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http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/A/Kermyt.G.Anderson-1/HBE/HBE.html
(352 words)
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| | Human Reliability Analysis |
| | The main difference was that human task activities were substituted for equipment failures and that modifications were made to account for the greater variability and interdependence of human performance as compared with that of equipment. | | | Since human actions clearly do not take place in a vacuum, a second step is to account for the influence of possible Performance Shaping Factors (PSF) such as task characteristics, aspects of the physical environment, work time characteristics, etc. This influence is expressed as a numerical factor that is used to modify the basic HEP. | | | Altogether this means that human performance takes place in a context which consists both of the actual working conditions and the operator’s perception or understanding of them. |
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http://www.ida.liu.se/~eriho/WhatIsHRA_M.htm
(352 words)
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| | Aging and Human Sexuality Resource Guide |
| | Sexuality is a lifelong force, and there are qualitative and quantitative changes that occur with age, as they do in other areas of human activity. | | | Argues that the behavioral approach has considerable promise for the conceptualization of the sexual problems of older adults, because in rejecting the medical model of nomothetically defining psychological disorders, it allows for considerable variability for individuals to define their problems in living. | | | The utility of this feature for guiding behavior therapists in helping the elderly understand their sexual functioning is discussed, and a research agenda addressing the limitations in the extant literature regarding the assessment and treatment of sexual dysfunction in old age is proposed. |
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http://www.apa.org/pi/aging/sexuality.html
(5633 words)
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| | Human Behavior |
| | Humans, it's true, share a common genetic code with remarkably few large-scale differences (if all but native Africans disappeared from the planet, he notes, "humanity would still retain somewhat more than 90 percent of its genetic variability"); and evolution has endowed us with capabilities shared by no other species. | | | The authors show how change is a vital component of human behavior, restoring the concept of free will to its central place in human psychology. | | | Ball shows how much we can understand of human behavior when we cease to try to predict and analyze the behavior of individuals and instead look to the impact of individual decisions-whether in circumstances of cooperation or conflict-can have on our laws, institutions and customs. |
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http://www.evoyage.com/BooksBySubject/human.htm
(9872 words)
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| | Forensic Evidence.com: Identification Evidence - Protocol For Ear Identification Research |
| | After study of the data collected, the Research Team will evaluate whether a collection of 10,000 human beings’ ear photographs is a sufficient sampling of the population to arrive at a valid preliminary statistical analysis of the characteristics and variability of the human ear. | | | Over the years, suggestions have been made in the occasional literature that the shapes and characteristics of the human ear are widely different and may be in fact sufficiently variant that it is possible to differentiate between the ears of all individuals. | | | The purpose of the study described herein is to inquire in the characteristics of human ears for the purpose of exploring whether they can be used for human identification. |
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http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/ID/ID00004_4.html
(1236 words)
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| | 65891.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL |
| | Walking is one of the most common human physical activities. | | | First, it allows measurements of gait features during a long period of walking and thus supplies the stride-to-stride variability of gait as illustrated in fig. | | | Although these techniques have been widely used for research purposes, their sophistication, time required for setting up the instrumentation and analyze the data, as well as cost, have hindered their use in clinical practice. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/65891.030814&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
(6834 words)
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| | Publications from the Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals |
| | Sleep-wake differences in scaling behavior of the human heartbeat: analysis of terrestrial and long-term space flight data. | | | Statistical physics and human walking: Random walk analysis and modeling of gait. | | | Non-random fluctuations and multi-scale dynamics regulation of human activity. |
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http://www.physionet.org/publications/resource-pubs.shtml
(4165 words)
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| | Handprint : Ancestral Lines |
| | As human acestors evolved, accumulating hominid technology gave our biological variability an accelerating push. | | | The term "hominid" refers to members of the biological human family Hominidae: living humans, all human ancestors, and the many extinct members of Australopithecus. | | | Human evolution is a puzzle made up of thousands of fossil pieces, and the Chart of Human Evolution (below) shows the major pieces of that puzzle arranged in a likely solution. |
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http://www.handprint.com/LS/ANC/evol.html
(4165 words)
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| | Evolutionary Biology: Geography And Skin Colour |
| | The most obvious - and most discussed - aspect of human geographical variability is skin colour. | | | [ Your Name ] would like to inform you about this article on Complexity Digest 2005.21 - 05.01 http://www.comdig.com/index.php?id_issue=2005.21#21447 23-May-2005 [ Your Message ] Evolutionary Biology: Geography And Skin Colour, Nature Abstract: Human skin comes in many different shades. | | | Recent studies of geographical differences in skin colour open up the subject scientifically by offering sophisticated accounts of the basis of this variation. |
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http://www.comdig.org/send_article.php?id_article=21447
(4165 words)
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| | Robotics Institute: Thesis Proposal, 27 Jan 2000: Liang Zhao |
| | The main challenge facing a vision-based human detector is the high degree of variability with the human appearance due to articulated motion, occlusion, and inconsistent cloth texture. | | | Specifically, a contour reconstruction procedure is introduced to integrate the detected human parts and the human shape model using a Kalman Filter to predict and search the contours of the missed parts. | | | However, contour-based human detection and part identification depend on reliable contour extraction, while contour extraction is an under constrained problem without the knowledge about the objects to be detected. |
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http://www.ri.cmu.edu/events/oral.2000.01.html
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| | Paul Thompson's Research Publications |
| | Sharp contrasts in variability and asymmetry were observed between hippocampal and periventricular anatomy, and between heteromodal and idiotypic cortex. | | | Fundamental patterns of structural variability in the Alzheimer's disease brain were identified. | | | Based on large human populations, and containing thousands of 3D structure models, these atlases encode patterns of anatomical variation and can be used to detect group-specific patterns of anatomic or functional alterations. |
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http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/disease_atlases.html
(4165 words)
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| | Heart rate variability analysis software |
| | ORTO Science is specially created for investigations of heart rate variability in the field of human physiology, medicine, sports, valeology. | | | Currently existing software and instrumentation designed to perform analysis of heart rate variability are not flexible enough and, consequently, not always suitable for scientific research. | | | You will be able to add new methods of analysis yourself. |
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http://www.orto.ru/en/science.shtml
(4165 words)
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| | Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly) |
| | The variability of the G glycoprotein from human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV) (groups A and B) isolated during 17 consecutive epidemics in Montevideo, Uruguay have been analyzed. | | | Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Uruguay: 1985-2001 - A Review | | | Phylogenetic analyses of HRSV from groups A and B show a model of evolution analogous to the one proposed for influenza B viruses providing information that would be beneficial for future immunization programs and to design safe vaccines. |
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http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=oc05073
(214 words)
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| | Spectrogram Reading - What are waveforms? |
| | Although we can learn quite a lot by a visual inspection of a speech waveform, it is impossible to detect individual speech sounds from waveforms because of the variability of human speech between individuals, and even in two different pronunciations of a given word by the same person. | | | Figure 1 below is a visual representation of vibrations typical of those in human speech - a speech waveform. | | | This brings us to spectrograms, which represent speech in a manner which is much more invariant to individual differences than the waveform representation. |
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http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/waveform.html
(214 words)
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| | Sewall Wright on Human Races |
| | The existence of conspicuous diversity among human populations in physical appearance has been common knowledge at least since the time of ancient Egypt. | | | It is, however, customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones. | | | It does not require a trained anthropologist to classify an array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair in spite of so much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other. |
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http://www.goodrumj.com/Wright.html
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| | User-Centered Modeling for Spoken Language and Multimodal Interfaces |
| | By modeling difficult sources of linguistic variability in spontaneous speech and language, interfaces can be designed that transparently guide human input to match system processing capabilities. | | | [13] S.L. Oviatt, and E. Olsen, "Integration Themes in Multimodal Human-Computer Interaction," Proc. | | | [8] S.L. Oviatt, "Multimodal Interactive Maps: Designing for Human Performance," to be published in Human-Computer Interaction, 1997. |
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http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/mags/mu/&toc=comp/mags/mu/1996/04/u4toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/93.556458
(294 words)
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| | Simulation of Early 20th Century Global Warming |
| | Since the model includes no forcing from interdecadal variations of volcanic emissions or solar irradiance, this suggests that the observed early 20th century warming could have resulted from a combination of human-induced increases of atmospheric GHG and sulfate aerosols, along with internal variability of the ocean-atmosphere system. | | | Several climate models accurately simulate the global warming of the late 20th century when the radiative effects of increasing levels of human-induced greenhouse gases (GHG) and sulfate aerosols are taken into account. | | | Assuming the simulated variability and model response to radiative forcing are realistic, the results of the present study demonstrate that the combination of greenhouse gas forcing, sulfate aerosols, and internal variability could have produced the early 20th century warming, although to do so would take an unusually large realization of internal variability. |
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http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/~tk/early_20th_cent_warming.html
(1043 words)
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| | Genomic Imprinting and Environmental Disease Susceptibility |
| | The genetic variability within the human population, which is much higher than the genetic variability of the laboratory mouse, may be responsible for a portion of the observed variability in imprinting. | | | In the near future, developments in medical genetics are expected to impact greatly on therapeutic biotechnology, the practice of healthcare and medicine, and the understanding of human evolution and behavior. | | | Although INS is not imprinted and is biallelically expressed in the pancreas, monoallelic expression of INS is seen at variable levels in human thymus samples (2). |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2000/108p271-278jirtle/jirtle-full.html
(7820 words)
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| | Home - Human Origins Solved |
| | Those suggesting that the human form is unrelated to the Neandertal have their own troubles in finding the source for this genesis when examining the Old World evidence from, once contemporary, Homo erectus populations. | | | The science of human evolution, and the accompanying theories that drive researchers to interpret our pre-historic past, should be discernible to the layman. | | | Given the wide range of anthropological tools available today it is time to re-examine the viable alternatives and the potential resolution to the human origins debate an inclusion of the Americas offers human evolutionary science. |
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http://www.humanoriginsolved.com
(3244 words)
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| | The DNA Files - Learn More - Genes & Identity |
| | This report considers the issues posed by the proposed and controversial Human Genome Diversity Project, including: appropriate sampling techniques, human rights issues, and the keystone question of the value of undertaking a worldwide study of human genetic variability. | | | Color illustrations, charts and graphs, and a host of authoritative articles on every aspect of human evolutionary science, put the contribution of genetic sciences in perspective. | | | This article discusses research approaches of molecular anthropologists using DNA markers to chart human evolution and migration. |
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http://www.dnafiles.org/resources/res05.html
(1855 words)
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| | The DNA Files - Learn More - Genes & Identity |
| | This report considers the issues posed by the proposed and controversial Human Genome Diversity Project, including: appropriate sampling techniques, human rights issues, and the keystone question of the value of undertaking a worldwide study of human genetic variability. | | | The U.S. military uses DNA "fingerprinting" to identify the human remains of suspected Al Qaeda and Taliban fighters killed in fighting. | | | An excellent overview of Cavalli-Sforza's many-faceted approach to human history, this book includes perspectives from his studies of genetics, linguistics, archeology and cultures. |
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http://www.dnafiles.org/resources/res05.html
(1855 words)
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| | USGCRP Seminar: Natural Climate Oscillations of Short Duration and the Long Term Climate Warming - Sorting Out the Climate System |
| | Some component of the observed climate variability is natural, while it is quite possible that some part of it may be human induced. | | | The background variability that remains after the effects of these various "climate oscillations" are removed from the climate record is largely attributable to: (1) random chance; (2) poorly understood episodic phenomena like the 'dust bowl' of the 1930s, which may or may not be inherently random; and (3) a long term global warming. | | | The improved understanding of natural climate oscillations such as the PDO and the ring-like modes (e.g., the Arctic Oscillation), and the impacts of these on seasonal variability in U.S. temperature and rainfall, provide the key for unlocking the origins of the systematic errors in short-term forecasts. |
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http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/seminars/000320FO.html
(1839 words)
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| | Climate Change: State of the Science and |
| | The predictions which neglect human influence are taken as a measure of the natural variability of climate and are thus used to represent the "noise" out of which the human-caused "signal" must arise for a definitive detection. | | | Human influence is indicated if the observed global patterns of climate change over the past 100 years are shown to be consistent with those predicted by climate models which include the human influences, but not consistent with the patterns predicted when the human influences are neglected. | | | Climate is usefully defined as the average of the weather we experience over a ten- or twenty-year time period. |
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http://www.house.gov/science/prinn_10-7.html
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| | Climate Change Dectection and Attribution (A2) |
| | Historical records of natural and human forcings, necessary to force models to investigate natural climate variability and to compare the observed climate record with that predicted from the forcings, will be produced from Focused Research Project 'Development of standard sets of historical climate forcings (natural and human-induced)' (11.4.3). | | | The question of changes in climate and weather extremes is of fundamental interest to the economic well-being of all nations and is of major concern to understanding natural and anthropogenic climate variability. | | | The three-dimensional spatial structure of changes in ocean temperature and salinity may be particularly useful in differentiating between natural variability and anthropogenic change. |
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http://www.clivar.org/publications/other_pubs/iplan/iip/pa2.htm
(4713 words)
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| | schiffer.html |
| | The ultimate goal of behavioural archaeology is to furnish scientific (i.e., nomothetically based) explanations for variability and change in human behaviour. | | | Archaeology is defined as the study of relationships between human behaviour and artifacts (material culture) in all times and all places. | | | Correlates, c-transforms (cultural transforms) and n-transforms (natural transforms)are the nomothetic basis of archaeological inference, while other principles explain behavioural variability and change. |
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http://www.sfu.ca/~csmith/genstuff/academic/comps/schiffer.html
(4713 words)
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| | The Human Genome Organisation |
| | His current interests of are the functional analysis of the genome and its variability, the molecular pathogenesis of trisomy 21 and polygenic phenotypes, diagnostics and prevention, and the societal implications of genetics and genome research. | | | Hans-Hilger Ropers is Director at the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin and Professor of Human Genetics at the Humboldt University. | | | He was elected a member of the Human Genome Organization, 1991 and to the HUGO Council in 2004; member of various Committees, Govt. |
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http://www.hugo-international.org/mission_members.htm
(2480 words)
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