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| | Horseshoe crab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Horseshoe crabs are extremely valuable as a species to the medical research community. | | | The blood of horseshoe crabs is blue, which is a result of its high content in copper-based hemocyanin instead of the iron-based hemoglobin found, for example, in humans. | | | Horseshoe crabs possess five pairs of book gills located just behind their appendages that allow them to breathe underwater, and can also allow them to breathe on land for short periods of time, provided the lungs remain moist. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_crab
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| | Crabs and Shellfish - Horseshoe Crab |
| | Scientists have used the crabs in ophthalmological research, for surgical sutures, in the development of wound dressings and in the detection of bacteria in drugs. | | | The discovery of limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL), a clotting agent found in horseshoe crab blood, has made it possible to detect human pathogens such as spinal meningitis and gonorrhea in patients and in drugs. | | | Horseshoe crabs can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and have distinct physiological processes that enable them to survive low oxygen environments. |
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http://www.chesapeakebay.net/info/horseshoe_crab.cfm
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| | Horseshoe Crab |
| | In fact, the health of the horseshoe crab is critical to the health of both the coastal ecosystem and humans. | | | The horseshoe crab is also invaluable to human health. | | | A clotting factor in the crab's blood, which can be removed without harming the crab, is used to detect bacteria in human blood, in intravenous drugs, and even in prosthetics such as heart valves prior to implantation. |
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http://www.ocean.udel.edu/kiosk/hshoecrab.html
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| | MaineScience - Quest - News |
| | The crabs are also harvested for their blood, a valuable commodity for medical researchers. | | | The Horseshoe Crab: Natural History, Anatomy, Conservation and Current Research | | | Maine researcher studies the ancient, mysterious horseshoe crab |
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http://www.state.me.us/mstf/htdocs/news/2002/06q_horseshoe_crab.html
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| | Limulu_polyph |
| | The extent of human harvest of Limulus polyphemus in Florida and in the IRL has not been stringently documented; however, observations indicate that overharvesting is a potential problem in the IRL. | | | Upon the molt to the first juvenile instar, feeding behavior is initiated (Rudloe 1980). | | | The movement of mature Limulus to spawning areas is most likely triggered by a sensory system which detects seasonal changes in light patterns (Shuster 1982). |
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http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/Limulu_polyph.htm
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| | Ocean Crabs by Jim Cornish |
| | A muscle can only retract, or pull; to lengthen again it must relax and be pulled back by another 'antagonistic' muscle. | | | The head and thorax of the horseshoe crab are fused together to make the cephalothorax. | | | Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles and many other animals belong to the phylum arthropods. |
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http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/oceancrabs.htm
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| | Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| | The material that makes up their exoskeleton (called chitin) is used to make contact lenses, skin creams, and hairsprays, as well as sutures and dressings for injuries. | | | Horseshoe crabs are an important part of the ecology of coastal communities. | | | Horseshoe crabs are important to the biomedical industry because components of their blood coagulate in the presence of small amounts of bacterial toxins, thereby providing a method to test for bacterial contamination in commercial drugs and medical equipment. |
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http://www.floridamarine.org/features/view_article.asp?id=19377
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| | Maryland Sea Grant Schools Network News Vol. 2, No. 3, 1999-2000 - - The Horseshoe Crab |
| | These crabs have also played an important role in human eye, cancer, and vitamin deficiency research and the development of sutures, medical dressings, contacts, and skin creams. | | | Their are 7 pairs of appendages which are used for walking, manipulating food, and in male horseshoe crabs, mating. | | | The first pair is known as the operculum and is used to protect the remaining five pairs that act as the respiratory organs. |
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http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/Extension/msgsnn/msgsnn02_3/horseshoe_crab.html
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| | Limulus polyphemus, Horseshoe Crab at MarineBio.org |
| | The first pair, called the operculum, protects the other five pairs, which are respiratory organs, and houses the opening of the genital pores through which eggs and sperm are released from the body. | | | Horseshoe crab blood has also been used in cancer therapy research, leukemia diagnosis, and to detect vitamin B12 deficiency. | | | Humans also use Horseshoe crabs for a protein found in their blood used to detect impurities in intravenous medications, however the animal is not harmed during blood extraction. |
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http://www.marinebio.com/species.asp?id=281
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| | Anatomy |
| | The opithosoma contains chiefly the musculature for the operation of the book gills and the telson, though the horseshoe's 113 distinct muscle groups (comprising over 750 individual muscles) are not limited to this section of the body. | | | The prosoma contains a sizeable intestinal tract with an esophagus and proventriculus (used to grind food), a nervous system concentrated into a bulbous brain, a tubular heart, excretory glands at the bases of the walking legs and connective tissue and cartilagenous plates. | | | There are three divisions to the body of the horseshoe crab: the prosoma, the opisthosoma, and the telson. |
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http://www.horseshoecrab.org/anat/anat.html
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| | Horseshoe Crab model |
| | Habitat selection and use in the study area has not been thoroughly studied, requiring us to rely on source information from other areas. | | | Rudloe, A. The breeding behavior and patterns of movement of horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, in the vicinity of breeding beaches in Apalachee Bay, Florida. | | | A pictorial review of the natural history and ecology of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, with reference to other Limulidae, In Physiology and biology of horseshoe crabs: studies on normal and environmentally stressed animals, Alan R. Liss, Inc., NY: 1-52. |
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http://www.fws.gov/r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata/horseshoe_crab_model.htm
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| | Horseshoe Crab Research Center |
| | His expertise in aquatic medicine, immunology, histology, and aquaculture gives the HCRC the leadership needed to study the biomedical aspects of the issue. | | | HCRC researchers are also looking at the relationship of the horseshoe crab to other species, such as scorpions, blue crabs, and lobsters, using new, advanced techniques. | | | Jim Fraser, professor of fisheries and wildlife sciences, provides expertise on shorebirds, applying his years of work on shorebird ecology to the issues involving shorebird-horseshoe crab interactions. |
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http://www.research.vt.edu/resmag/sc2001_2/horseshoe_crab.html
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| | National Audubon Society: Horseshoe Crab Project |
| | While we have come a long way, more still needs to be done to ensure that migratory shorebirds will continue to find sustenance at this key point in the Atlantic flyway. | | | The National Audubon Society has been working to halt this overfishing and achieve sustainable management practices to protect the horseshoe crabs and the migratory shorebirds since 1997. | | | Click here to read the latest news and find out what you can do, or use the links below to explore other parts of this site. |
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http://www.audubon.org/campaign/horseshoe
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| | Horseshoe Crabs: Facts |
| | The vital energy -- a somewhat unusual site about Ki energy, but it also mentions the Nobel Prize that was awarded for studying horseshoe crab vision | | | American Institute of Physics -- radio piece about horseshoe crab sight, which by studying, we have learned much about how we see | | | LAL: Discovery and Commercial Development -- how Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL), which is the worldwide standard screening test for injectible medical devices (IVs, pacemeakers, etc.) and batches of new drugs, was discovered |
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http://www.audubon.org/campaign/horseshoe/hscfacts.htm
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| | Horseshoe Crab |
| | LAL or Limulum amebocyte lysate is processed from horseshoe crab's blood cells and is used to detect bacterial contamination in injectable drugs and medical equipment. | | | The shell or the chitin is used in the production of surgical sutures and the compound eyes of the horseshoe crab are used in eye research. | | | Horseshoe crabs may look dangerous and scary, but they actually pose no threat to humans. |
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http://www.aquariumofniagara.org/aquarium/horseshoe_crab.htm
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| | The Horseshoe Crab-- Putting Science to Work to Help "Man's Best Friend" -- |
| | In human medicine, one of the crab's most important contributions is a compound in its blood which is used by the pharmaceutical industry to test intravenous drugs for bacteria. | | | "With their help, our goal is to develop an artificial horseshoe crab bait that will work as well as the traditional one. | | | Targett and her graduate students are in the home stretch in chemically characterizing the attractant. |
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http://www.oar.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/spot_delaware.html
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| | Life History of the Horseshoe Crab |
| | Horseshoe crabs grind up their food with the base of their legs and push it into their mouths which are located between their legs (image). | | | This is significant to shorebirds since the disturbed eggs accumulate on the surface of the beach and are readily available as food. | | | Weather conditions and water temperature can effect when and where crabs spawn. |
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http://www.virtualbirder.com/vbirder/realbirds/dbhsc/HSCLife.html
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| | Maryland Horseshoe Crabs |
| | The base of each leg is covered with inward pointing spines called gnathobases that move food towards the mouth located between the legs. | | | Prior to reaching maturity males and females are identified by the shape of their genital pores. | | | There are also 2 small chelicera appendages that help guide food into the mouth. |
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http://www.dnr.state.md.us/education/horseshoecrab/anatomy.html
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| | Horseshoe Crab Monitoring Web Site |
| | Horseshoe crab blood is collected to produce an important pharmaceutical called Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL), which is used to test for human pathogens in human blood, tissues, and intravenous drugs. | | | The horseshoe crab study is one of several USGS/State cooperative projects that have been supported during 1999. | | | While horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) are familiar to anyone who has spent some time on Atlantic coast beaches, they are, in fact, relicts of an ancient class of arthropods most members of which have been extinct for hundreds of millions of years. |
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http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/aeb/2065
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| | EPA: Federal Register: Horseshoe Crab; Interstate Fishery Management Plans |
| | While horseshoe crabs are neither finfish nor shellfish, but arthropods closely related to arachnids, they are a marine organism for which there is a fishery. | | | The Virginia representatives further said that under the ISFMP, Virginia is the only state to experience what it believes to be severe economic impact. | | | Virginia's representatives further stated that the state legislature could act to implement the quota, but it is out of session until January 2001. |
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http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2000/October/Day-16/i26499.htm
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| | horseshoe crab. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The body is divided into a broad, flattened, semicircular front part (the prosoma), a tapering middle part (the opisthosoma), and a pointed, spiky taillike part (the telson). | | | Horseshoe crabs have no jaws, and the mouth is flanked by a pair of pincerlike chelicera that are used to crush worms and other invertebrates taken as food. | | | The respiratory organs are called book gills and are unique to horseshoe crabs. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/ho/horsesho-cr.html
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| | Introduction to the Xiphosura |
| | Behind the opisthosoma is a telson, which is elongated into a long spine, and which gives the group its name (xiphos is Greek for "sword," and uros is Greek for "tail"). | | | No living species of horseshoe crab is endangered yet, but harvesting and habitat destruction have reduced their numbers at some locations and caused some concern for these animals' future. | | | On the right, a dorsal (back) view, distinctly showing the two body divisions and the telson. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/chelicerata/xiphosura.html
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| | The History of Limulus and Endotoxin |
| | The line between basic research and applied science is indistinct and quite often it is the unexpected discoveries that are the most rewarding. | | | This is done using a non-lethal method where blood is taken from a large dorsal blood sinus, the pericardium. | | | As was demonstrated long ago, our bodies, like the bodies of horseshoe crabs, respond to the presence or endotoxin, not just the bacteria. |
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http://www.mbl.edu/animals/Limulus/blood/bang.html
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| | Horseshoe Crab Crisis |
| | The fisherman in turn point to the NJDEP facts as being unscientific and inconclusive. | | | The resolution stated that additonal research on horseshoe crab populations is necessary before tougher rules can be assessed. | | | The site plan provides for two artificial shorefront inlets as a means for restoring tidal ebb and flow to the site. |
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http://www.delawarebay.com/CRISIS.HTM
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| | Maryland Horseshoe Crabs |
| | Horseshoe Crabs evolved much earlier than humans or the Chesapeake Bay. | | | The Horseshoe Crab survived this time of change. | | | This era experienced several ice ages and the continents took their current form. |
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http://www.dnr.state.md.us/education/horseshoecrab/lifehistory.html
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| | The Horseshoe Crab or King Crab |
| | I was reading your information about horseshoe crabs and thought that you may want to change the information about spawning grounds. | | | Although called a crab, it is not a crustacean, but belongs to the arachnid or spider family. | | | Whitley, one of our Delmar Elementary School mentors, who gave us the horseshoe crabs and this information to include in Benni's box. |
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http://www.globalclassroom.org/hshoe.html
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| | Horseshoe Crab: WhoZoo |
| | For this reason, they are referred to as trilobite larvae. | | | The other five contain numerous flat gill books through which the Horseshoe crab breathes. | | | They are one of the last remaining members of a large group of animals that lived in the prehistoric times. |
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http://www.whozoo.org/Intro99/biggers/cbhorseshoe.htm
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| | USFWS MFRO Horseshoe Crab |
| | A certificate of participation containing release information is awarded to those who report our horseshoe crab tags. | | | Shorebirds almost double their weight from feeding on horseshoe crab eggs which gives them the energy source that enables them to continue their migration north. | | | This in turn will provide biologists with the necessary information needed to manage and maintain healthy horseshoe crab populations. |
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http://www.fws.gov/northeast/marylandfisheries/horseshoe_crab.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Today many people believe their numbers are declining. | | | They see them on the beach and don’t even know what they are. | | | There has been much controversy over whether to put restrictions on the harvesting of horseshoe crabs. |
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http://www.k12.de.us/warner/introhsc.html
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| | Shorebird Crisis: The Horseshoe Crabs of Delaware Bay |
| | No one knows for sure at this point what is causing the changes. | | | This seemed all too closely related to the increase in harvesting of the crabs as bait for the eel, whelk, and conch fisheries. | | | While every attempt was made to accurately portray the current situation and research findings, inaccuracies may have been included in this article. |
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http://www.virtualbirder.com/vbirder/realbirds/dbhsc
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| | Lucky Ducks' Horse Shoe Crab Page |
| | It is called the horseshoe crab because it has a general body shape similar to the crab. | | | The tail also helps it put itself back on its legs when it has been turned over by a large wave. | | | The horseshoe crab has a thick body shell shaped like a horseshoe. |
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http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/3785/horseshoecrab.html
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| | DAS ONLINE: Horseshoe Crab Sanctuary |
| | Horseshoe crabs are an ancient group of marine animals related to spiders. | | | Bianchi credited Delaware Sen. Tom Carper for "playing a key role in making the horseshoe crab sanctuary a reality." He also said Maryland Gov. Parris Glendening ("a strong and effective horseshoe crab advocate") and former NJ Governor, now EPA Director Christie Whitman were to be commended for their efforts. | | | Horseshoe Crab Reserve," in honor of the retired William and Mary College professor, who is considered a leading horseshoe crab biologist and researcher. |
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http://www.delawareaudubon.org/conservation/sanctuary.html
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| | horseshoe crab - definition of horseshoe crab by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | Any of various marine arthropods of the class Merostomata, especially Limulus polyphemus or Xiphosura polyphemus of eastern North America, having a large rounded body and a stiff pointed tail. | | | horseshoe crab - large marine arthropod of the Atlantic coast of North America having a domed carapace that is shaped like a horseshoe and a stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/horseshoe+crab
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| | Horseshoe Crab |
| | The horseshoe crab's blood is often harvested to perform testing on toxins in humans. | | | This juvenile Atlantic horseshoe crab is more closely related to spiders, ticks and scorpions than to the crabs with which they share the bay. | | | This is truly a living fossil, evolving over 365 million years ago in the Devonion Period of the Paleozoic Era. |
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http://www.baylink.org/lessons/42.html
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| | HORSESHOE CRABS |
| | Delaware Bay than any other place in the world. | | | There are only four species of horseshoe crabs in the world and only one | | | It was the first weekend of last June, when there was a |
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http://www.k12.de.us/warner/hscindex.html
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| | horseshoe crab |
| | of shallow coastal waters of eastern North America and eastern Asia, having both compound and simple eyes, book gills, a stiff tail, and a brown carapace curved like a horseshoe: a living fossil related to the woodlouse. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/horseshoe+crab
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| | [No title] |
| | If your browser does not support JavaScript, you can see the horseshoe crab's back in here. | | | Would You like to flip the horseshoe crab over? | | | Original text and illustrations by Nancy Carol Willis |
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http://www.state.nj.us/drbc/crab/crabhome.htm
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