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| | Bugs in the News - MHC |
 | | The level of histocompatibility between and among individuals is primarily dependent upon the similarity of the pattern of structures of the MHC molecules uniquely expressed by the individuals involved. | | | To be histocompatible literally means that if skin is grafted, one individual's skin is compatible with another, i.e., the donor skin will be accepted and will not be rejected by the recipient's immune system as foreign. | | | Therefore, it is the expression of the various forms of MHC molecules unique to the individuals that ultimately determines whether or not the graft will be accepted by the recipient's immune system. |
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http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/histo.htm
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Initially these studies focused on mapping intracellular transport pathways for both these molecules and establishing what aspects of their transport are critical for antigen presentation, under normal circumstances. | | | Brodsky's laboratory is also analyzing the role of clathrin-coated vesicles in sorting class II MHC molecules to the endocytic pathways. | | | All of these systems promise to reveal subtleties of the antigen presentation pathways that have been exploited by pathogens or altered by disease, but have yet to be understood by investigators. |
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http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~micro/Faculty/Brodsky.htm
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| | Physiology or Medicine 1996 - Press Release |
| | Furthermore, regard is paid to the fundamental principles formulated by Doherty and Zinkernagel in trials with vaccination against the emergence of metastases in certain forms of cancer. | | | A biological role for the major histocompatibility antigens. | | | The wide relevance of their observations concerning the specificity of the T-lymphocytes became apparent in many contexts, both in regard to the ability of the immune system to recognize microorganisms other than viruses, and in regard to the ability of the immune system to react against certain kinds of self tissue. |
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http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1996/press.html
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| | Histocompatibility Molecules |
| | The endosomes fuse with lysosomes and their contents are partially digested. | | | A graft of our tissue into another human will provoke an immune response which, if left unchecked, will end in the rejection of the transplant. | | | So the histocompatibility molecules of one individual act as antigens when introduced into a different individual. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/HLA.html
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| | Antigen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Immunogen - Any substance that provokes the immune response when introduced into the body. | | | An antigen is a molecule that stimulates an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. | | | Cells present their antigens to the environment via a histocompatibility molecule. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogen
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| | Testing a 3-D-structure-based Hypothesis for lgG Transport by the Neonatal Fc Receptor |
| | As a graduate student and postdoctoral fellow in Don Wiley’s laboratory, she solved the crystal structure of a human histocompatibility molecule. | | | Much of Bjorkman’s work has focused on homologs of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, which function in many ways that are distinct from their well-characterized role in the immune system of presenting antigenic peptides to T cells. | | | Her laboratory uses a combined approach of X-ray crystallography to determine structures, molecular biological techniques to produce and modify proteins, and biochemistry to study the properties of the proteins they make. |
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http://www.rockefeller.edu/lectures/032103.php
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| | PDB Molecule of the Month: Major Histocompatibility Complex |
| | There is growing evidence that the MHC system is also important in the natural fight against cancer in your body. | | | This portion of the molecule, however, is too flexible for study by x-ray crystallography and was removed for the analysis. | | | Each person has their own collection of MHC molecules. |
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http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/molecules/pdb62_1.html
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| | Epimmune |
| | DRB1*0301 molecules recognize a structural motif distinct from the one recognized by most DR(1 alleles. | | | Major histocompatibility complex binding peptides: a target for therapeutic development. | | | Peptides presented to the immune system by the murine class II major histocompatibility complex molecule I-Ad. |
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http://www.epimmune.com/technology/pub_listall.cfm?tyear=1992
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| | AllRefer Health - Histocompatibility Antigens (HLA Typing, Tissue Typing) - Test/Medical Exams/Tests |
| | HLA types can also used to determine relationships between children and parents when such relationships are in question. | | | Many HLA molecules exist, but some are of special interest because they are more common in certain autoimmune diseases. | | | For example, HLA-B27 antigen is found in 80-90% of people with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome, and can aid in the diagnosis of these diseases. |
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http://health.allrefer.com/health/histocompatibility-antigens-info.html
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| | Bjorklab Publications |
| | (1991) Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6Å resolution. | | | (1987) Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. | | | Bjorkman, P.J. and D.C. Wiley (1993) The human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. |
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http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bjorker/publications.html
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| | Oxford Theoretical Essay B |
| | There may however be some unique aspects to recognition of "pathogenic" self peptides. | | | Overall, diabetogenic clones recognize peptides presented by classic MHC molecules, and can be deleted within the thymus by their cognate peptide. | | | Of note this specific sequence has been modified to produce an altered peptide ligand of the B:9-23 molecule that is currently in clinical trials. |
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http://www.uchsc.edu/misc/diabetes/oxessb.html
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| | Healing Cancer & Your Mind: Guided Imagery & Visualization to Heal Cancer Naturally (2) |
| | Researchers in the field have postulated that the critical link between thought and action is the neuropeptide. | | | These antigens may be thought of as the "muddy footprints" by which the intruder is recognized and marked for destruction by the defenders. | | | These are the "messenger molecules" such as the interleukins and interferons (See Figure 1 at www.kidneycancerassociation.org/maars.html). |
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http://www.healingcancernaturally.com/guided-imagery-for-healing-2.html
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| | Creation Science FAQ |
| | When I say "evolutionist" I refer to anyone who believes this evolution has occurred (includes life from non-life and the appearance of new families, genera, etc. of organisms from other organisms over time). | | | The purpose of this terminology is NOT to focus on "small" vs. "large" changes, but rather that evolution requires changes that increase genetic information (from rocks to humans or "molecules to man" as it is often referred). | | | A process that accumulates information over long periods of time (billions of years) producing man from molecules would be absolutely exceptional and unlike any process observed in the history of science. |
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http://mysite.verizon.net/vzephl0d
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| | atp molecule |
| | ATP is the molecule the muscle cells burn during muscle contraction. | | | ATP is believed to be the main energy-providing and energy-storing molecule for all processes in... | | | Imaging (MRI) machine with spectroscopic techniques, they were able to measure turnover of the ATP molecule in heart tissue. |
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http://www.tenniswa.com/atpmolecule
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| | Class I Antigen Presentation |
| | Class I histocompatibility molecules play an important role in the immune response to intracellular pathogens such as viruses. | | | Candidate proteins are being characterized and their functions in class I biogenesis assessed. | | | A major focus of my laboratory is to understand how the intracellular complex of peptide and class I molecule is assembled. |
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http://biochem17.med.utoronto.ca/~david_williams/lab/antigen.html
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| | MHC Immune Puzzle Solved |
| | This peptide and most of the MHC molecule are engulfed by the TCR. | | | The structural interaction between the human T-cell receptor (TCR), and the antigenic peptide as linked to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule are fundamental to the workings of the immune system. | | | Cambridge, MA (Nov. 14 1996) The long-awaited description of the three-dimensional structure of the complex between the human T-cell receptor and the antigenic peptide as linked to a major histocompatibility complex molecule should provide new understanding of how specific immunity is achieved and regulated. |
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http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA08/mhc11.html
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| | Patent 6,355,238 |
| | The methods include treating an antigen presenting cell to enhance expression of a major histocompatibility complex molecule and reacting the treated antigen presenting cell with the antigen extracorporeally to form an antigen-associated antigen presenting cell. | | | Alternate methods of treatment of the antigen presenting cells also are provided. | | | The method comprises treating a preparation containing an antigen presenting cell to enhance expression by the cell of a major histocompatibility complex molecule and reacting the treated antigen presenting cell with the antigen extracorporeally to form an antigen-associated antigen presenting cell. |
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http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/Yr2002/Mar2002/031202/6355238_Immune031202.htm
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| | Chapter 9: Major Histocompatibility Complex |
| | The multi-peptide-binding property of MHC molecules represents the antithesis of most biological receptor/ligand systems where structural specificity in the binding reaction is usually much more narrowly defined. | | | Three-dimensional structural analysis of the same MHC molecule with different peptides | | | the Gallery of Immune Molecule Structures created by Eric Martz at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, where the structures of these and other immune molecules are also featured. |
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http://www.whfreeman.com/immunology/CH09/kuby09.htm
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| | Histocompatibility |
| | This page will describe the MHC molecules and the process of antigen presentation. | | | The MHC molecules control the immune response through recognition of "self" and "non-self" and, consequently, serve as targets in transplantation rejection. | | | Class II molecules, in contrast, are only found on B-cells, macrophages and other "antigen-presenting cells" (APCs). |
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http://www.cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/mhc.htm
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| | An immunodominant epitope of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp160 recognized by class I major ... |
| | Because cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may be important for preventing direct cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the agent responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we have begun to investigate the epitope specificity and immune response (Ir) gene control of anti-HIV CTL responses in experimental animals. | | | The facts that CTL responses were detected in the context of only one of four class I MHC molecules tested and that the response was limited predominantly to a single epitope indicate that the CTL repertoire elicited by the HIV envelope protein in association with murine class I MHC molecules may be very limited. | | | The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. |
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http://www.aegis.com/aidsline/1988/aug/M8880013.html
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| | Psoriasis |
| | Oral tacrolimus has proven to be safe and effective in treating severe, chronic recalcitrant plaque-forming psoriasis. | | | The efficacy of two topical tacrolimus preparations was compared against other agents used in the treatment of psoriasis. | | | Tacrolimus works by suppressing leuckocyte accumulation, adhesion molecule expression and keratinocyte proliferation. |
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http://www.ucsf.edu/dpsl/psoriasis.html
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| | Cnx99A - |
| | Calnexin, a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is generally thought to function as a molecular chaperone, based on indirect or correlative evidence. | | | Calnexin has also been shown to bind polypeptides in vivo that do not possess a glycan of this form and to function in vitro as a molecular chaperone for nonglycosylated proteins. | | | The molecular chaperone calnexin facilitates folding and assembly of class I histocompatibility molecules. |
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http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gi/68853.html
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| | Dr. Lawrence E. Samelson |
| | Our goal in using these techniques is to take the analysis inside the cell to follow the molecular dynamics of signaling molecules. | | | We have been able to measure the kinetics and amount of actin polymerization, and this assay provides a means to evaluate the role of various signaling molecules in this basic process. | | | These molecular events can be observed using a confocal microscope to image live cells stably expressing an actin-GFP chimera. |
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http://rex.nci.nih.gov/RESEARCH/basic/lcmb/LES.HTM
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| | Medical Microbiology and Immunology - University of Alberta |
| | To study these questions we are using a combination of molecular, biochemical, and live cell-imaging approaches. | | | One way in which the immune system deals with intracellular pathogens is through cytotoxic cells that recognize and destroy the infected cells. | | | Natural killer cells express inhibitory receptors (KIR) on their cell surface that bind to major histocompatibility class I molecules expressed on normal healthy cells. |
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http://www.ualberta.ca/~mmi/faculty/dburshtyn/dburshtyn.html
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| | Fast Breaking Comment by Heinz Wiendl |
| | Article Title: The non-classical MHC molecule HLA-G protects human muscle cells from immune-mediated lysis: implications for myoblast transplantation and gene therapy | | | The paper elucidates the functional role of HLA-G expression in muscle and has major implications for the immunobiology of muscle and for the understanding of (autoimmune) inflammation in this tissue. | | | HLA-G is an emerging major histocompatibility molecule (non-classical MHC molecule), whose involvement in the mechanisms of tolerance and autoimmunity is increasingly being recognized. |
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http://www.esi-topics.com/fbp/2004/february04-HeinzWiendl.html
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| | Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients |
| | A novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. | | | Complexes of specific peptides (which are processed from internalized exogenous proteins) with class II molecules presented by B-cells, macrophages and other cells are recognized by and cause proliferation of CD4 | | | Only cells of similar MHC type can interact with each other; the mechanisms are MHC restricted. |
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http://www.specialtylabs.com/books/display.asp?id=809
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| | Molecule of the Month |
| | Each installment includes an introduction to the structure and function of the molecule, a discussion of the relevance of the molecule to human health and welfare, and suggestions for how visitors might view these structures and access further details. | | | Other institutions that post their own monthly molecule reviews include the European Bioinformatics Institute, the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, and more. | | | Information about the creation of the Molecule of the Month installments and images can be found here. |
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http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/molecules/molecule_list.html
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| | Antigen Presentation |
| | molecules that are introduced beneath the skin (e.g., on a splinter or in an injected vaccine) | | | T cell that recognizes the displayed antigen is stimulated to release lymphokines. | | | Class I histocompatibility molecules are transmembrane proteins expressed at the cell surface. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AntigenPresentation.html
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| | Laboratory of Iwona Stroynowski, Ph.D. |
| | The physiological, cell-mediated immune response against pathogens and tumors as well as the dysfunctional response during autoimmune reactions and graft rejections involve many different types of molecules and mechanisms. Our long-term goal is to understand the contributions of the family class I Major Histocompatibility Complex antigens to these phenomena. | | | Even less is currently known about the numerous members of the heterogeneous family of the "non-classical", or class Ib, MHC and the effect that these oligo or monomorphic molecules have on activation or tolerance induction in the immune system. | | | Chiang, E.Y., Henson, M. and Stroynowski, I. (2002) Tumor cells expressing the nonclassical Major Histocompatibility Complex molecule Qa-2 are are protected from Natural Killer cell-and Lymphokine-Activated Killer cell mediated cytolysis. J.Immunol. |
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http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept131456/files/167007.html
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| | Antigen - free-definition |
| | An antigen is a macromolecule that is recognized by antibodies or immune cells and can trigger an immune response. | | | Depending on the antigen presented and the histocompatibility molecule used, several types of immune cells can leap into action. | | | The fragments are then presented by class II histocompatibility molecules and attract phagocytic cells like macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as B lymphocytes (also called B cells) which can produce antibodies against this specific antigen. |
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http://www.free-definition.com/Antigen.html
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| | Does the Adhesion Molecule CD31 Act as a Minor Histocompatibility Antigen? -- Da Costa et al. 90 (3): 1332 -- Blood |
| | it clearly appears that the identification of clinically relevant minor histocompatibility antigens is very important to improve BMT. | | | However, because aGVHD occurs in approximatively 30% of HLA-identical sibling transplants, molecules other than major histocompatibility complex (MHC), generally referred to as minor histocompatibility antigens, could be responsible for the developpement of aGVHD. | | | Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) even in related BMT. |
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http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/90/3/1332/a
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| | The Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology - Stephen C. Harrison |
| | Brown, J.H., Jardetzky, T.S., Gorga, J.C., Stern, L.J., Urban, R.G., Strominger, J.L. and Wiley, D.C. The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Human Class II Histocompatibility Antigen HLA- DR1. | | | Silver, M.L., Guo, H-C., Strominger, J. and Wiley, D.C. Atomic Structure of a Human MHC Molecule Presenting an Influenza Virus Peptide. | | | Saper, M.A., Bjorkman, P.J., and Wiley, D. Refined Structure of the Human Histocompatibility Antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 Å Resolution, J. Mol. |
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http://crystal.harvard.edu/wiley_publications.html
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| | The Immunological Synapse |
| | Several hundred TCR/MHC-peptide pairs are needed to stimulate a naive T cell to begin mitosis, but only 50 or so are needed to activate a "memory" T cell to do its work; that is, to become an effector T cell. | | | A number of pairs of molecules participate in the formation of the immunological synapse. | | | The TCR molecules are tethered by actin filaments in the cytoplasm. |
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http://home.comcast.net/~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/I/ImmSynapse.html
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| | Molecules To Go (Formerly known as Molecules R Us) |
| | Viewers provide interactive molecules, and require the appropriate helper application. | | | Request an image of a PDB file "the way you want it"!. | | | Image selections provide static "gif" images, and Java options provide inline interactive displays. |
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http://molbio.info.nih.gov/cgi-bin/moldraw?2CKB
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| | Scientific Rationale |
| | We use the murine system as our research model. | | | The presence and the level of the Qa-2 antigen on the surface of the embryo will affect its developmental and subsequent survival rate. | | | e are interested in the expression of the Ped gene product the Qa-2 antigen-a class Ib Major Histocompatibility Complex molecule. |
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http://www.dac.neu.edu/biology/k.bergman/bio1480/h/huwu/rationale.htm
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| | Two Different T Cell Receptors use Different Therm... Autos.NewsWired.net |
| | The two receptors respond similarly to alterations in the MHC molecule, yet differ dramatically in their responses to ionic strength and temperature. | | | The different responses to temperature indicate markedly different binding thermodynamics, which are not predictable from the surface area buried in the interfaces. | | | Here we show that they also bind with very similar binding affinities and kinetics (the DeltaDeltaG degrees for binding is approximately 0.3kcal/mol at 25 degrees C). |
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http://autos.newswired.net/Article/78741/Page_Article.aspx
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| | BMCD v2.0 |
| | histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2:Flu A matrix 9aa peptide (58-66), Homo sapiens recombinant, human | | | histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2:Hep B capsid 9aa peptide (18-27), Homo sapiens recombinant, human | | | histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2:HIV-1 RT 9aa peptide (309-317), Homo sapiens recombinant, human |
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http://wwwbmcd.nist.gov:8080/bmcd/mlst-H.html
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| | Roy Calne Award Winners |
| | Suppression of anti-porcine T-cell immune responses by major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator constructs lacking the amino terminal domain | | | Pre-transplant administration of a single donor class 1 major histocompatibility complex molecule is sufficient for the indefinite survival of fully allogeneic cardiac allografts | | | Indirect T cell allorecognition and allo-antibody mediated rejection of MHC class I disparate heart grafts |
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http://www.bts.org.uk/roycalnewinners.htm
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