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| | Encyclopedia4U - Drugs policy of the Netherlands - Encyclopedia Article |
 | | One of the main aims of this policy is to separate the markets for soft and hard drugs so that soft drug users are less likely to come into contact with hard drugs. | | | A distinction is made between hard drugs (which bear "unacceptable" risks) such as cocaine and heroin, and soft drugs such as the cannabis products hashish and marijuana (as defined in the Opium Act). | | | So-called coffeeshops are allowed to sell soft drugs openly, and to keep supplies greater than the amounts allowed by law for personal use, though they are only allowed to sell individual customers the amount allowed for personal use. |
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http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/d/drugs-policy-of-the-netherlands.html
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| | Drug policy of the Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | One of the main aims of this policy is to separate the markets for soft and hard drugs so that soft drug users are less likely to come into contact with hard drugs. | | | The use of soft drugs in general is not prohibited, on the general principle of self-determination in matters of the body. | | | The number of hard drug addicts has stabilized in the past few years and their average age has risen to 38 years. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands
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| | Stepping Off Hard Drugs With Cannabis |
| | Hard and soft drugs are placed in distinct and separate microsettings of use, as indicated in fieldnote 1. | | | This pathway to hard drugs also exists in the Netherlands, as is indicated by the case of Mohammed in fieldnote 5. | | | When Gerrit began his heroin use, hard drugs were not separated or "partitioned" from either soft drugs or the rest of society, in the way the walls of Platform Zero separate it from the rest of the city. |
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http://www.equalrights4all.org/potpride/steppingoff.htm
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| | CIN - Pontifical Council for the Family - Should 'soft' drugs be legalized? January 17, 1997 |
| | Effects vary from one drug to another, without being able to distinguish, at the pharmacological level, between the categories of "soft drugs" and "hard drugs". | | | When arguments are presented for or against the legalization of "soft" drugs, simplifications and generalizations must be avoided, and especially the politicization of an issue that is profoundly human and ethical. | | | Lastly, the problem of drug dependence should rightly be extended to include many substances (tranquillizers, sedatives, anti-depressants, stimulants) that are not considered "drugs", including tobacco and alcohol.[4] In fact the problem is posed in terms different from those which are merely biochemical. |
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http://www.cin.org/vatcong/softdrug.html
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| | Beyond the Physical - Chapter 3 |
| | This situation in the "hard" sciences may seem complicated (and it is) but it stands in stark contrast to the situation in the "soft" sciences. | | | For example, a science known as psychopharmacology--which is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior and the mind--draws heavily on both biochemistry and physiological psychology, as well as medicine. | | | The "soft" sciences, on the other hand, are very immature in their development as sciences precisely because they consist of many competing paradigms with no common consensus or standard definitions of the phenomena they claim to study (that being the study of the many levels of human behavior). |
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http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/dondeg/bpweb/Chpt03.htm
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| | Marijuana'sLlink to Hard Drug use not Genetic |
| | This has led some researchers to argue that soft drugs provide a "gateway" to harder substances. | | | It might be that cannabis users have a genetic profile that predisposes them both to cannabis use and to harder drugs, or a personal history that does the same. | | | On the other hand, if cannabis smokers move on to harder drugs simply because they have access to them through drug dealers, then decriminalisation ought to reduce hard drug use. |
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http://www.you.com.au/news/1530.htm
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| | Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy |
| | The article then expands the discussion by exploring eight legal options for illicit drugs and examines how these options interact with; the marginalization of users, the illicit drug black market, and levels of drug consumption. | | | March 11, 2002: Canadian Medical Association testifies before Senate Illegal Drugs Committee: "Whenever possible, individuals suffering from drug dependency should be diverted from the criminal justice system into treatment and rehabilitation.. | | | Safe-injection sites for drug users and providing free heroin for hard-core addicts on a trial basis are among the strategies the city of Vancouver is recommending. |
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http://www.cfdp.ca/
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| | ALTERNATIVES TO THE WAR ON DRUGS |
| | This is effectuated by allowing some limited freedom of movement for the retail trade and the possession of small quantities of soft drugs for individual consumption, and by trying to combat the hard drug trade in every possible way... | | | Some legalizers advocate that hard drugs be made legal like alcohol and tobacco, which implies licensing and taxation, controls on advertising and places of use, and a prohibition of sales to minors. | | | The current administration's goal of a drug- free America, except for children, is both ridiculous -- as absurd as a liquor-free America -- and wrong in principle. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4727/alt-wod-faq.html
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| | Drugs policy in the Netherlands: continuity and change |
| | In the Netherlands as elsewhere the purchase of hard drugs is illegal and the detection of criminal organisations involved in trafficking in any drugs (hard or soft) has for many years been a top priority of the Dutch criminal investigation authorities. | | | While the Netherlands government regards the use of soft drugs as risky, the control strategy is more differentiated than that for hard drugs because the risks are less serious. | | | The Netherlands believes that the health arguments play a role in respect of soft drugs too but they are less serious than in the case of hard drugs. |
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http://www.taima.org/nl/nl_uk.htm
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| | Illegal drug trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Many in the drugs field do not find the hard/soft drug distinction useful, acknowledging that it is the drug using behaviors that are the most important determinate of harm, not the choice of drug: all drugs can be harmful if misused. | | | Dealers of "soft" drugs such as marijuana and psychedelic mushrooms often cite their motivations as the philanthropic desire to facilitate their recreational use, and tend to view drug prohibition laws as immoral restraints of personal civil liberties. | | | Illegal supply of these so called hard drugs is driven mainly by the economics of drug prohibition, with huge profit margins available due to the collision of high demand for the drugs with harsh laws that attempt to prohibit their supply and use. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade
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| | Illegal drug trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Many in the drugs field do not find the hard/soft drug distinction useful, acknowledging that it is the drug using behaviors that are the most important determinate of harm, not the choice of drug: all drugs can be harmful if misused. | | | Dealers of "soft" drugs such as marijuana and psychedelic mushrooms often cite their motivations as the philanthropic desire to facilitate their recreational use, and tend to view drug prohibition laws as immoral restraints of personal civil liberties. | | | Illegal supply of these so called hard drugs is driven mainly by the economics of drug prohibition, with huge profit margins available due to the collision of high demand for the drugs with harsh laws that attempt to prohibit their supply and use. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_trafficking
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| | Illegal drug trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Many in the drugs field do not find the hard/soft drug distinction useful, acknowledging that it is the drug using behaviors that are the most important determinate of harm, not the choice of drug: all drugs can be harmful if misused. | | | Dealers of "soft" drugs such as marijuana and psychedelic mushrooms often cite their motivations as the philanthropic desire to facilitate their recreational use, and tend to view drug prohibition laws as immoral restraints of personal civil liberties. | | | The illegal supply of these so called hard drugs is driven mainly by the economics of drug prohibition, with huge profit margins available due to the collision of high demand for the drugs with harsh laws that attempt to prohibit their supply and use. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_smuggling
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| | Salon Going Dutch |
| | He adds, however, that France rejects the notion of toleration or separating drugs into hard/soft, and is in opposition to most Dutch policies. | | | The Dutch argue that there is no statistical evidence to suggest tolerance has spawned a "drug culture," or that soft drugs dispensed by smoking coffee shops are a "gateway" leading to hard drugs. | | | The Dutch officially call their confusing brand of ambiguity regarding drugs "The Expediency Principle." That means officers and officials can decide case-by-case whether it's in the public interest to arrest or detain drug users, growers and suppliers. |
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http://archive.salon.com/health/feature/2000/03/13/dutch_drugs/print.html
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| | Factbook: The Netherlands and the United States |
| | There are very few young heroin addicts in the Netherlands, largely thanks to the policy of separating the users markets for hard and soft drugs. | | | Thus The Netherlands achieve a separation of the soft drug market from the hard drugs market - and separation of the 'acceptable risk' drug user from the 'unacceptable risk' drug user. | | | According to the 1995 report of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in Lisbon, the Dutch figures are the lowest in Europe. |
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http://www.drugwarfacts.org/thenethe.htm
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| | " Netherlands Alcohol and Drugs Report as of 5/8/02" |
| | The separation of the markets for soft drugs and hard drugs continues to be a key criterion in use of closure authority. | | | Fact sheets number 1 (Cannabis policy) and number 2 (Hard drugs policy: opiates) have been updated. | | | The assumption that cannabis consumers run a higher risk of switching to hard drugs, especially heroin, is known as 'the stepping-stone hypothesis'. |
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http://www.onlinepot.org/amsterdam/netherlandsreport.htm
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| | Paul Flynn MP - Newport West - Campaigns' News |
| | Flynn: No. I wish they would, because politicians have misrepresented what has happened here...and what has happened here is by having a policy of regulated decriminalisation of soft drugs, they have decreased the harm caused by soft drugs and vastly reduced the number of people who are taking hard drugs. | | | His investigation took him to Amsterdam to see how the city fares with legalised drugs and to meet with the Labour MP Paul Flynn in a local coffee shop. | | | Parris: Paul Flynn, sitting here over coffee at Schipol airport, it shouldn't be me welcoming you to Amsterdam, but you welcoming me, because you did issue a challenge to to any Conservative MP to come and see for himself what goes on here. |
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http://www.paulflynnmp.co.uk/newsdetail.jsp?id=236
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| | Drug Policy Alliance: The Netherlands |
| | By classifying drugs according to the risks posed and then pursuing policies that serve to isolate each market, it is felt that users of soft drugs are less likely to come into contact with users of hard drugs. | | | As for hard drugs, the number of addicts in the Netherlands is low compared with the rest of Europe and considerably lower than that in France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. | | | no drugs can be sold to minors (under age 18), nor may minors enter the premises; and |
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http://www.drugpolicy.org/global/drugpolicyby/westerneurop/thenetherlan
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| | EU drugs clampdown could spell trouble for Dutch marijuana 'coffee shops' - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM |
| | Under the strategy, EU countries would coordinate efforts to cut supplies of soft and hard drugs, as well as demand, through prevention programs and police enforcement. | | | Donner said his country - where hundreds of thousands of tourists head to benefit from the famously relaxed policy on soft drugs like marijuana - would have to "draw consequences" from an expected stricter EU drugs policy. | | | Donner, whose country holds the EU presidency, said a meeting of EU justice and interior ministers agreed on guidelines for setting up an eight-year drugs action plan in the 25-nation bloc. |
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http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20041119T200000-0500_69867_OBS_EU_DRUGS_CLAMPDOWN_COULD_SPELL_TROUBLE_FOR_DUTCH_MARIJUANA__COFFEE_SHOPS_.asp
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| | Guardian Unlimited The Guardian Italy's new hard line on soft drugs sparks row |
| | A bill drawn up by the deputy prime minister and leader of Italy's former neo-fascists, Gianfranco Fini, abolishes distinctions between "hard" and "soft" drugs and introduces stiff penalties for possession as well as trafficking. | | | Italy's new hard line on soft drugs sparks row | | | Furious argument erupted in Italy yesterday over plans by Silvio Berlusconi's hard-right government for a sharp u-turn on drug control. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1085556,00.html
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| | Learn more about Recreational drug use in the online encyclopedia. |
| | Instead, law enforcement efforts focus on capturing illegal dealers of "hard drugs" such as heroin and cocaine, passing out clean needles to IV drug users, and providing medical assistance for addicted users who wish to stop taking drugs. | | | The use of drugs for spiritual development and exploration is not usually included under the definition of recreational drug use, although the distinction is not always clear. | | | Many societies have abandoned what they feel are unsuccessful attempts to prohibit recreational drugs, and instead turned to a policy of harm reduction by informing users of ways to reduce common risks associated with popular drugs, and providing medical assistance for drug users who wish to stop using drugs. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/r/re/recreational_drug_use.html
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| | Going Dutch? |
| | If young adults wish to use soft drugs, argue the Dutch officials, it is better that they are not exposed to the criminal sub-culture surrounding hard drugs. | | | But "depenalisation" of soft drugs in Britain would be likely to lead to tacit acceptance of the sale of cannabis - much as the police currently allow brothels to function under the guise of massage parlours, even though allowing premises to be used for prostitution is illegal. | | | The Dutch Aid-prevention programme, with its distribution of free needles and extensive treatment programmes, also compares well with those of other countries. |
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http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v00/n051/a01.html
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| | Crime and Justice Abstracts: Vol. 14 (1991) |
| | The drug policy is based on the revised Opium Act of 1976 that aims at separating the markets and the social contexts of soft drugs (cannabis), and hard drugs. | | | National drug abuse policies in the Netherlands reject law enforcement as the primary drug abuse strategy except in regard to higher levels of trafficking in hard drugs. | | | It accepts the existence of the use of illegal drugs as inevitable in modern society. |
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http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CJ/abstracts/CJv14p229abstract.html
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| | Soft Money-Hard Drugs |
| | You may feel uncomfortable, angry, or disgusted when reading Soft Money Hard Drugs; you may say “right on;” or it may dawn on you for the first time that the lives of everyday men and women are crushed when governments and ordinary citizens avoid looking at events that evolve from greed and lust for power. | | | Now…Soft Money, Hard Drugs weaves together, in a moving story you won’t forget, the complexities of the drug trade and how drug profits are used to support criminal activities, including terrorism. | | | Drug profits funneled through charitable organizations; transglobal organized crime syndicates; drug money in the pockets of politicians and religious leaders; terror in the homes and communities of ordinary men, women, and children; mass murders; and simplistic methods to perpetuate these atrocities – it’s all there – it’s been there. |
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http://www.claytabletpublishing.com/softmoney-harddrugs.htm
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| | Drugs policy in the Netherlands: continuity and change |
| | In the Netherlands as elsewhere the purchase of hard drugs is illegal and the detection of criminal organisations involved in trafficking in any drugs (hard or soft) has for many years been a top priority of the Dutch criminal investigation authorities. | | | In the Netherlands drugs policy is therefore differentiated according to the seriousness of the potential damage to health which may be caused by the use or abuse of the drug in question. | | | What is particularly pleasing is that in the Netherlands the number of heroin users under the age of 21 is relatively low, even among vulnerable groups, and has continued to fall in recent years*. |
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http://www.taima.org/nl/nl_uk.htm
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| | Legal cannabis would cut crime Bonino tells EU |
| | She also praised the liberal drugs laws in Holland and said the use of hard drugs such as heroin should be allowed under strict medical supervision, rather than prohibited altogether. | | | EMMA BONINO, the outspoken Italian commissioner for consumer affairs in Brussels, faced controversy yesterday after saying the sale of soft drugs should be legalised in the European Union. | | | Mrs Bonino argued that although it was now clear that the "prohibitionists" had lost the argument over drugs, nobody had the courage to open the debate on legalisation. |
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http://www.opinion.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/10/10/wdrug10.html
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| | Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy |
| | Whereas, on the basis of medical studies, an important distinction can be made between so-called "soft" drugs and "hard" drugs. | | | Report concludes: "The main findings of this report confirm the close association between the use of alcohol and other drugs, and criminal behaviour, and indicate that a substantial portion of this association is causal." For study highlights, click here. | | | Canadian Medical Association Journal editorial states: "Safe injection facilities serve a unique and important function, particularly in terms of providing immediate response to overdoses, increasing use of health and social services, and reducing the problems [described elsewhere in the article] that are associated with injecting drugs in public. |
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http://www.cfdp.ca
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| | Is The Funding Of Terrorism Another Unintended Consequence Of Drug Prohibition? |
| | Could a regulated and controlled model for soft drugs similar to our approach with alcohol and for hard drugs similar to prescription drugs stop the flow of illegal drug profits? | | | Drug trade is big business: Illegal Drugs are 8% of all international trade while Textiles are 7.5% and Motor Vehicles are 5.3% | | | Is the funding of terrorism another unintended consequence of drug prohibition? |
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http://www.csdp.org/ads/narcofund.htm
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| | The illegal drug trade requires three things to exist |
| | For the argument that soft drugs lead to hard drugs I have only contempt. | | | The illegal drug trade requires three things to exist: a supply of drugs, a demand for drugs and laws prohibiting their sale and possession. | | | "it may be that drug users are fools, maybe they are immoral, but as long as it is legal to drink and smoke yourself to death, it makes no sense to imprison some of our immoral fools and not others." |
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http://ocnorml.org/tidbits/tidbits8.htm
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| | Is The Funding Of Terrorism Another Unintended Consequence Of Drug Prohibition? |
| | Could a regulated and controlled model for soft drugs similar to our approach with alcohol and for hard drugs similar to prescription drugs stop the flow of illegal drug profits? | | | Drug trade is big business: Illegal Drugs are 8% of all international trade while Textiles are 7.5% and Motor Vehicles are 5.3% | | | Urine drug testing fails at school and work |
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http://www.csdp.org/publicservice/narcofund.htm
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| | The Rules of Attraction |
| | Killing Zoe) fills his film with drugs (soft and hard) and sex (soft and hard), presumably offering social satire of the overprivileged collegians as the excuse for a constant stream of dope smoking, coke snorting (with nosebleed), and shooting up--not to speak of rape, masturbation, suicide, and an orgy scene--a clear allusion to | | | American Psycho has all the trappings of a thoughtful film except profundity – it’s a swimming pool without a deep end." The Rules of Attraction, a new film based on an earlier Ellis novel, might then be called, not unfairly, a kiddie pool without water. | | | In The Rules of Attraction, it's Sean Bateman (James Van Der Beek), officially the brother of Patrick, but really just an earlier version of the same guy, an utterly repellent character without redeeming value on screen. |
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http://www.culturevulture.net/Movies5/RulesofAttraction.htm
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