|
| |
| | HIV-1 - definition of HIV-1 in Encyclopedia |
 | | For years HIV reinfection (or superinfection as it is sometimes called) has been thought to be a consequence of unprotected sexual encounters between HIV infected people. | | | In reality, HIV stays in the body for years, infecting people through unsafe sex, blood transfusions and breastfeeding of infants by mothers oblivious to their infection. | | | This allows HIV to have an explosive response once a threshold amount of tat is produced, a useful tool in defeating the body's response. |
|
http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/HIV-1
(2710 words)
|
|
| |
| | BCM-Neurology-AIDS-HIV-1 Related Neurological |
| | Symptomatic treatment with antispasticity drugs may be effective in relieving spasticity in HIV- associated myelopathy; however, antiretroviral drugs have not demonstrated efficacy in treating this progressive disorder. | | | HIV-1 has been found in the spinal cord and CSF of patients with HIV associated myelopathy; however, it is uncertain whether HIV-1 is a direct pathogen. | | | This condition affects approximately 20% of adult patient with AIDS, although evidence of myelopathy is found at autopsy in 50% of patients. |
|
http://www.bcm.edu/neurol/research/aids/aids3.html
(933 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV, viral facts |
| | HIV is an abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. | | | The syncytia-inducing (SI) version of HIV seems to be most often found among intravenous drug users. | | | These strains are combinations of the standard subtypes and many are resistant to various medications used to treat HIV disease. |
|
http://uhavax.hartford.edu/bugl/hiv.htm
(5498 words)
|
|
| |
| | hiv_1 |
| | HIV infection and AIDS represent one of the first diseases for which the discovery of drugs was performed entirely via a rational drug design approach. | | | This has been suggested to be responsible, in part, for individuals infected with HIV, but who do not progress to AIDS (long-term non progressors). | | | HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Combination of three HIV drugs (2 protease inhibitors and 1 RT inhibitor or vice versa). |
|
http://www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu/courses/PHAR531/lectures_old/hiv_1.htm
(2592 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Evidence That HIV Causes AIDS, NIAID Fact Sheet |
| | Because HIV is spread primarily through sex or by the exchange of HIV-contaminated needles during injection-drug use, it is not surprising that a majority of U.S. AIDS cases have occurred in men (U.S. Census Bureau, 1999; UNAIDS, 2000). | | | Similar associations between increasing HIV RNA levels and a greater risk of disease progression have been observed in HIV-infected children in both developed and developing countries (Palumbo et al. | | | With regard to postulate #2, modern culture techniques have allowed the isolation of HIV in virtually all AIDS patients, as well as in almost all HIV-seropositive individuals with both early- and late-stage disease. |
|
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/evidhiv.htm
(6508 words)
|
|
| |
| | AEGiS-EID: Predominance of HIV-1 Subtype A and D Infections in Uganda |
| | HIV strain characterization and phylogenetic analysis have played a key role in elucidating epidemiologic and historical aspects of HIV transmission worldwide (1). | | | Our systematic characterization of the HIV-1 epidemic in Uganda over an almost 3-year period documented that the distribution and degree of genetic diversity of the HIV subtypes A and D are very similar and have not changed appreciably over that time. | | | Although few countries, especially those with limited resources, have the necessary infrastructure to systematically monitor the HIV-1 epidemic, periodic molecular analyses such as this one in Uganda are needed, particularly if trials of subtype- specific vaccines are being considered. |
|
http://www.aegis.com/PUBS/cdc_eid/2000/EID6601.html
(2669 words)
|
|
| |
| | Testing Yourself for HIV-1, the Virus that Causes AIDS |
| | Unapproved HIV home test kits do not come with any guarantee of the accuracy of the test, or the sensitivity of the reagents used in the analysis. | | | Although this approach may seem faster and simpler, it may provide a less accurate result than can be achieved using an approved test, which is analyzed under more controlled conditions than is possible in the home. | | | All HIV home sample collection kits approved to date by FDA require laboratory analysis and provide counseling for the consumer. |
|
http://my.webmd.com/content/article/5/1680_50229
(1732 words)
|
|
| |
| | Impact of clade diversity on HIV-1 virulence, antiretroviral drug sensitivity and drug resistance -- Spira et al. 51 ... |
| | HIV RNA and CD4 cell count response to protease inhibitor therapy in an urban AIDS clinic: response to both initial and salvage therapy. | | | Evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients with symptomatic primary infection receiving antiretroviral triple therapy. | | | Wainberg, M. and Friedland, G. Public health implications of antiretroviral therapy and HIV drug resistance. |
|
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/51/2/229
(7616 words)
|
|
| |
| | Origin of HIV-1? Edward Hooper's response |
| | Whatever set of circumstances was responsible for the origin of HIV, it must have been improbable. | | | And in contrast to other parts of the DRC, do we not see any early instances of HIV or AIDS from that area. | | | JM responds: Please note that "my proposition" here was offered only as a logical possibility among four possible alternatives for wanting to establish an account of the origin of HIV [I have modified the preamble a bit to make this clearer]. |
|
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/publications/hivhooper.html
(4258 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV |
| | It is rare, however, for a patient to give HIV to a health care worker or vice-versa by accidental sticks with contaminated needles or other medical instruments. | | | If doctors treat mothers with AZT and deliver their babies by cesarean section, the chances of the baby being infected can be reduced to a rate of one percent. | | | If the mother takes the drug AZT during pregnancy, she can significantly reduce the chances that her baby will be infected with HIV. |
|
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/hiv.html
(444 words)
|
|
| |
| | Origin of HIV-1? |
| | What may be significant regarding the HIV origins debate is that for a long time, the mechanism of transfer of the culture (variola or vaccinia) was the same. | | | While they did not explicitly avoid contact with blood, their handling of the carcasses did have the result of minimizing such contact (see Durham 1991 for discussion of cultural evolution; I wrote on one aspect of such issues in Moore 1983). | | | The suggested mechanism is serial passaging of virus via unsterile needles, which they tie to the postwar introduction of disposable syringes. |
|
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/publications/HIVorigin.html
(7024 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rapid biochemical assays for phenotypic drug resistance testing of HIV-1 -- García-Lerma and Heneine 50 (6): 771 ... |
| | Race, E., Dam, E., Obry, V., Paulous, S. and Clavel, F. Analysis of HIV cross-resistance to protease inhibitors using a rapid single-cycle recombinant virus assay for patients failing on combination therapies. | | | A rapid non-culture-based assay for clinical monitoring of phenotypic resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to lamivudine (3TC). | | | Comparative analysis of two commercial phenotypic assays for drug susceptibility testing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |
|
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/50/6/771
(2286 words)
|
|
| |
| | Mother-to-infant transmission of HIV-1: the placenta fights back -- Spector 107 (3): 267 -- Journal of Clinical ... |
| | Efficacy of zidovudine and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune immunoglobulin for reducing perinatal HIV transmission from HIV-infected women with advanced disease: results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 185. | | | Blanche, S. HIV in infants and children: transmission and progression. | | | Polymorphism in the interleukin-4 promoter affects acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syncytium-inducing phenotype. |
|
http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/107/3/267
(1508 words)
|
|
| |
| | Low Blood CD8+ T-Lymphocytes and High Circulating Monocytes Are Predictors of HIV-1-Associated Progressive ... |
| | Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cognitive processing in HIV infection: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of event-related potentials. | | | Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV- 1) RNA levels in HIV-related cognitive impairment. | | | Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 facilitates in vivo escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte pressure. |
|
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/111/2/e168
(4739 words)
|
|
| |
| | Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1-infected humans - Nature Medicine |
| | HIV induces changes in CD4 T cell phenotype and repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies. | | | These studies differ from ours in that our subjects were at a later stage of HIV disease, and their CD8 levels did not change. | | | Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. |
|
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v5/n1/full/nm0199_83.html
(4234 words)
|
|
| |
| | Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines 1 HIV |
| | Introduction including Summary of the 11 Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection | | | MMWR 1998 Apr 24 47(RR-5);1-41 Report of the NIH Panel to Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection - 11 principles | | | Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection (The Living Document: January 7, 2000) Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children NEW UPDATED: 3-2 |
|
http://medicine.ucsf.edu/resources/guidelines/guide1hiv.html
(546 words)
|
|
| |
| | PDB Molecule of the Month:HIV-1 Protease |
| | In particular, an effective vaccine against HIV is not available. | | | Drugs that attack HIV-1 protease are one of the triumphs of modern medicine. | | | These drugs demonstrate the powerful tools that medical science has to combat a new disease. |
|
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/molecules/pdb6_1.html
(319 words)
|
|
| |
| | Home Access Express HIV-1 Test System Available at Walgreens |
| | "Now that more people can utilize this convenient way to learn their HIV status, they can seek treatment with promising, new HIV/AIDS combination therapies faster than ever before." | | | "Home Access availability provides the pharmacist with a vital role in talking to people about HIV prevention," said Richard A. Quattrocchi, president of | | | ' HIV home test services combine in-home specimen collection with clinical laboratory testing and medically-directed counseling and referrals. |
|
http://www.docguide.com/dg.nsf/PrintPrint/7C29AC05076F2B91852563E7006F97DD
(445 words)
|
|
| |
| | CDC-NCHSTP-Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) Home Page |
| | Since HIV infection is spread primarily through sexual practices or by sharing needles, prevention messages and programs may address these topics. | | | This initiative is aimed at reducing barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and increasing access to quality medical care, treatment, and ongoing prevention services for those diagnosed with HIV. | | | It consists of four strategies: 1) Incorporate HIV testing as a routine part of care in traditional medical settings; 2) Implement new models for diagnosing HIV infections outside medical settings; 3) Prevent new infections by working with people diagnosed with HIV and their partners; and, 4) Further decrease mother-to-child HIV transmission. |
|
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm
(296 words)
|
|
| |
| | Hair loss in an HIV-1 infected woman receiving lopinavir plus ritonavir therapy as first line HAART |
| | After 1 month a substantial improvement in her hair loss was evidenced by a rapid regrowth of new hair; nelfinavir was continued. | | | Hair loss is a possible adverse event in HIV-infected patients treated with PIs, particularly when indinavir is used, but HIV alone has also been associated with this side effect.[1] Currently, no case of hair loss has been described in HIV-infected patients receiving LPV and ritonavir (RTV). | | | Hair loss and other cutaneous side effects are reported in HIV-infected patients on indinavir [1]. |
|
http://dermatology.cdlib.org/95/letters/aids/bongiovanni.html
(493 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV Medicine 2005 Acute HIV-1 Infection |
| | The editors and the authors of HIV Medicine might agree - under certain conditions - to remove the copyright on their book for all languages except English and German. | | | Severity and prognosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 illness: a dose-response relationship. | | | Use of laboratory tests and clinical symptoms for identification of primary HIV infection. |
|
http://hivmedicine.com/textbook/acuteinf.htm
(2759 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Body: NIAID-Supported Scientists Discover Origin of HIV-1 |
| | This new report suggests that preserving the wild chimpanzee populations will be crucial for further carefully designed studies to better understand how cross-species virus transmission occurs and how infected chimpanzees resist disease, studies that in turn may lead to new strategies for designing HIV drugs and vaccines. | | | NIAID conducts and supports research to prevent, diagnose and treat illnesses such as HIV disease and other sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, asthma and allergies. | | | Furthermore, they speculate that humans might still be at risk for cross-species transmission because the bushmeat trade -- the hunting and killing of chimpanzees and other endangered animals for human consumption -- is still common practice in west equatorial Africa. |
|
http://www.thebody.com/niaid/hivorigin.html
(754 words)
|
|
| |
| | NEJM -- A Patient with HIV-1 Superinfection |
| | Brower, V. New superbug or tempest in a teapot?: Some AIDS researchers and activists have criticized public health efforts to warn communities of a possible new strain of HIV. | | | Gottlieb, S. Patient is reinfected with a different HIV strain. | | | Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care: JIAPAC 2: 102-105 |
|
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/347/10/731
(610 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV Database: Review articles |
| | The Evolving Field of HIV CTL Epitope Mapping: New Approaches to the Identification of Novel Epitopes | | | A Review of the Role of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System as a Host Immunogenetic Factor Influencing HIV Transmission and Progression to AIDS | | | Total Assessment of HIV-Specific CTL Responses: Epitope Clustering, Processing Preferences, and the Impact of HIV Sequence Heterogeneity |
|
http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/REVIEWS/reviews.html
(1131 words)
|
|
| |
| | Negative feedback inhibition of HIV-1 by TAT-inducible expression of siRNA - Nature Biotechnology |
| | Our strategy is based on a promoter system in which the HIV-1 LTR is fused to the Drosophila hsp70 minimal heat shock promoter. | | | The fusion promoter system may be safer than drug-inducible systems for shRNA-mediated gene therapy against HIV as the shRNAs are only expressed following HIV infection. | | | This system is inducible by HIV-1 TAT, which functions in a negative feedback loop to activate transcription of an shRNA directed against HIV-1 rev. Upon induction the shRNA is processed to an siRNA that guides inhibition of HIV replication in cultured T-lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cell−derived monocytes. |
|
http://nature.com/nbt/journal/v22/n12/abs/nbt1040.html;jsessionid=C726EBFD...
(329 words)
|
|
| |
| | Global Spread of HIV-1: Focus on Africa |
| | Furthermore, survival chances for people aged 20 to 50 are expected to drop from over 80 percent to 20 percent, the Zimbabwe Public Health Association said. | | | GLOBAL EPIDEMIC OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) | | | More than 6,000 people are infected with HIV around the world each day, Mandela said, noting that the disease is creating economic problems by affecting people in their prime years. |
|
http://cmmg.biosci.wayne.edu/asg/hivafrica.html
(1915 words)
|
|
| |
| | CBER - OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test FAQs |
| | What type of counseling is done for rapid HIV tests? | | | As with all HIV screening tests, a reactive test result needs to be confirmed by an additional, more specific test. | | | For more information about HIV counseling, see CDC's Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention website (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm). |
|
http://www.fda.gov/cber/faq/oraqckfaq.htm
(882 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV-1 - Human immunodeficiency virus 1 - information page with HONselect |
| | The Body: New Ways to Prevent and Treat AIDS | | | How to Recognize and Treat Acute HIV Syndrome - August 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians | | | An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. |
|
http://www.hon.ch/HONselect/Selection/B04.820.650.589.650.350.400.html
(505 words)
|
|
| |
| | AllRefer.com - HIV (Pathology) - Encyclopedia |
| | There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. | | | There are many strains of both types and the virus mutates rapidly, a trait that has made it especially difficult for researchers to find an effective treatment or vaccine. | | | HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), either of two closely related retroviruses that invade T-helper lymphocytes and are responsible for AIDS. |
|
http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/H/HIV.html
(380 words)
|
|
| |
| | HIV-1 Test |
| | Determination of HIV infection should not rely solely on the results of a PCR analysis. | | | Amplification of a unique human gene is used as an internal positive control to monitor the performance of each reaction and reduce false negative results. | | | For positive results, this assay distinguishes between HIV types 1 and 2. |
|
http://www.givf.com/midl/hiv-1_test.htm
(262 words)
|
|
| |
| | Patient Zero: the Connecticut Source of the Multi-drug Resistant, Rapidly Progressing HIV-1 Strain Found in New York ... |
| | Viral sequence analyses of >135,000 HIV isolates were examined. | | | Clinical and laboratory summaries regarding strains precisely matching the MDR strain identified an HIV/AIDS patient in Connecticut likely associated with the transmission. | | | While acute infection resulted in rapid progression to AIDS in NYC male, HIV-1 viremia is well-controlled, CD4 remains stable, and VRC=41% in "CT", refuting the concept of a new aggressive HIV strain, while suggesting host factors may best explain the rapid progression to AIDS in NYC male. |
|
http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/2005icr/ias/docs/072705_e.html
(405 words)
|
|
| |
| | AIDS and HIV |
| | AIDS is a life-threatening disruption of the immune system by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). | | | This virus progressively weakens the body's ability to fight off disease, opening it to severe infections with both common and exotic organisms, as well as various forms of cancer. | | | Most people who contract HIV remain symptom-free for the first few years. |
|
http://www.healthsquare.com/ft2.htm
(448 words)
|
|
| |
| | BioMed Central Full text HIV-1 expression induces cyclin D1 expression and pRb phosphorylation in infected podocytes: ... |
| | Barbaro G, Di Lorenzo G, Grisorio B, Barbarini G: Incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and detection of HIV in myocardial cells of HIV-positive patients. | | | Proliferation and dedifferentiation of HIV-1 infected renal epithelium is singularly unique compared to the effects of HIV-1 infection in other non-lymphoid tissues. | | | , and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) transcript levels in podocytes treated with flavopiridol for 2 days, followed by drug washout for 1 day, showed that cyclin D |
|
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/2/26
(3587 words)
|
|
| |
| | Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Tinnitus - The Premier Antioxidant |
| | Alpha-lipoic acid has also shown great promise in the treatment of HIV and in diabetes. | | | Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a coenzyme in reactions that occur in the Krebs cycle; specifically it is involved in the decarboxylation of pyruvate and some other alpha-keto acids. |
|
http://www.alphatinnitusformulas.com/AlphaLipoicAcid.asp
(1001 words)
|
|
| |
| | DUO - Digital utgivelse ved Universitetet i Oslo - VERTIKAL OVERFØRSEL AV HIV-1 |
| | The best way in these countries to prevent transmission is through information about HIV, testing and counseling, as well as nevirapine prophylaxis. | | | Prevention of vertical HIV transmission in developing countries struggles to become better. | | | This paper reviews interventions for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-infection in developing countries. |
|
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-10057
(313 words)
|
|
| |
| | Genome Biology Full text Gene expression following HIV-1 infection |
| | The authors conclude that by examining the effect of HIV-1 infection on different cell types, utilizing different strains of HIV-1, and using larger sets of human genes, further insights will be gained regarding the complex biology of HIV infection and AIDS. | | | As the authors describe, with the growing use of array technology it is important that a focus of the data analysis should be to generate both expression ratios and estimates of the uncertainties in these ratios. | | | show that in the first three days following infection by HIV, 20 cellular genes were differentially expressed out of a total of 1,500 studied. |
|
http://genomebiology.com/2000/1/2/reports/0045
(637 words)
|
|
| |
| | NIAID HIV Protein Interaction Project |
| | Documenting the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins with those of the host cell is crucial to understanding the process of HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis, and provides an essential foundation for the development of safe and effective therapeutic and prevention strategies to combat AIDS. | | | Although numerous interactions have been reported in the scientific literature there is currently no publicly available source for efficiently accessing this information. | | | Kim Pruitt, Donna Maglott, and Ken Katz (NCBI, NLM) for linking the database to NCBI programs and overseeing the updating of the database. |
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/RefSeq/HIVInteractions
(306 words)
|
|
|
