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| | Infective endocarditis in adults |
 | | In patients with a positive intraoperative culture, myocardial abscess,or a positive Gram's stain for organisms on a prosthesis removed from a patient with prosthetic endocarditis, a full course of postoperative therapy is a reasonable, conservative approach. | | | Because of the frequency of adverse events in patients treated for infective endocarditis and the associated need to revise therapy, the causation organism should ideally be retained until cure has been ensured. | | | In addition, to ensure optimal therapeutic regimen, organisms recovered from surgical specimens or blood cultures at relapse should be studied for antimicrobial susceptibility. |
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http://www.rjmatthewsmd.com/Definitions/infective_endocarditis_in_adults.htm
(4687 words)
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| | eMedicine - HACEK Group Infections : Article by Mirabelle Kelly, MD |
| | Serum bactericidal titer has not been studied in the context of HACEK infections; however, it may be useful when the response to therapy is suboptimal. | | | This organism is a well-recognized cause of cellulitis resulting from human bites and clenched-fist injuries. | | | Ineffective antimicrobial therapy (usually not the case with HACEK organisms) |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic935.htm
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| | Postgraduate Medicine: Compiling the identifying features of bacterial endocarditis |
| | The virulence of the organism also may determine which valves are affected. | | | If the clinical picture points strongly to infective endocarditis, the culprit may be unusual or fastidious organisms that require a longer-than-usual incubation period or a specialized microbiologic technique for identification. | | | For example, streptococcus and staphylococcus organisms, which are common in endocarditis, adhere more readily to valvular surfaces than do gram-negative enteric bacilli, such as Escherichia coli. |
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http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2000/01_00/harris.htm
(3327 words)
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| | Endocarditis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | HACEK organisms are a group of bacteria that live on the dental gums, and are associated with IV drug users who contaminate their needles with saliva. | | | The most common structures involved are the heart valves. | | | Streptococcus bovis, which is part of the natural flora of the bowel, tends to present when the patient has bowel cancer. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocarditis
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| | Two patients, aged 18 and 22 years presented with features of infective endocarditis (IE). |
| | Whereas antibiotic therapy of patients with positive blood culture is guided by the sensitivity to the drug, culture negative patients are treated empirically with various combinations. | | | Both our patients had positive blood cultures for Salmonella group of organisms that were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. | | | Blood cultures were positive in both the cases for Salmonella group of organisms. |
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http://www.indegene.com/Car/ClinRound/indCarCaseEndocar.html
(3374 words)
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| | Infective Endocarditis |
| | This is especially true with the organism is S aureus. | | | Negative blood cultures (culture-negative endocarditis) or cultures that produce an organism not usually associated with endocarditis pose a diagnostic problem. | | | Antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis due to staphylococci and HACEK group organisms in adults with normal renal function |
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http://www.helenacardiology.com/infective_endocarditis.htm
(1705 words)
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| | Endocarditis |
| | However, eradication of the organisms from vegetations with medical therapy is unlikely, and reinfection of prosthetic material after surgical replacement of infected valves commonly occurs. | | | The antimicrobial susceptibility of the organism and the duration and nature of prior antimicrobial therapy together determine the length of time that blood cultures will remain negative. | | | In other patients, however, the classic peripheral stigmata may be few or absent. |
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http://www.stephenmillermd.com/mdEndocarditis.htm
(7465 words)
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| | Section 7 Chapter XVIII Infective Endocarditis |
| | Before embarking on therapy for culture-negative endocarditis, the physician should carefully consider the possibility that the patient does not have endocarditis, but rather has one of the conditions that mimics endocarditis. | | | With the exception of PVE caused by staphylococci, antimicrobial therapy for PVE caused by a specific organism utilizes the same drugs recommended for native valve endocarditis. | | | Several observations have prompted earlier and more frequent surgical intervention in active endocarditis: (1) the mortality of patients undergoing valve surgery early during active endocarditis is not greater than that for patients treated medically or operated upon later (after microbial cure), and in many series is lower |
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http://www.acpmedicine.com/sam/chapters/ch0718.htm
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| | MACROLIDES, TETRACYCLINES, AND SULFONAMIDES |
| | Prolonged therapy (to eradicate all organisms from valve) | | | Shorter courses (2 weeks) of therapy have been shown to be successful in IVDA with right sided endocarditis: | | | Vegetations - depends on size, location, and clinical assessment. |
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http://www.uic.edu/pharmacy/courses/pmpr342/teichner/endocarditis.html
(2065 words)
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| | Total document |
| | Localized pain and tenderness of the bone segment present in > 90% of patients. | | | Common pathogens in patients with prosthetic valve: Coagulase positive and negative Staph, gram-negative organisms and fungi if valve is new (< 2 months). | | | MRI (if readily available) is the preferred modality because soft tissue involvement can also be observed. |
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http://medicine.ucsf.edu/housestaff/handbook/HospH2002_C10.htm
(4171 words)
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| | Hemophilia |
| | Acute endocarditis: Aggressive course, usually caused by more virulent organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococcus,may not have underlying valve lesion | | | Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers: Commonly involves the tricuspid valve. | | | - Typical microorganism for infective endocarditis from 2 separate blood cultures: Viridans streptococci, † Streptococcus bovis, HACEK † group, or community acquired Staphylococcus aureus or enterococci, in the absence of a primary focus, or |
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http://webpages.charter.net/saabrio/ID_Infective_Endocarditis.htm
(1636 words)
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| | NGC - NGC Summary |
| | If traditional (non-automatic) BC systems are used, longer incubation periods (>6 days) are required when organisms of the HACEK group, Propionibacterium spp., Neisseria spp., Brucella, Abiotrophia spp., or Campylobacter spp. | | | Especially in CNE all material excised during cardiac surgery for active IE should also be cultured and examined. | | | Maximum 2 g/day; for drug level monitoring see above and refer to full text in the original guideline document |
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http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=5216&nbr=3571
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| | Bacteriology - gram negative bacilli & cocci |
| | Neisseria meningitidis seems to be appearing more frequently as a predominant organism in respiratory cultures. | | | What does EF stand for and what is the clinical significance? | | | Current guidelines for culturing for Hacek organisms in blood cultures |
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http://www.asm.org/Division/c/askit/bacteriologygram-.htm
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| | Determination of the antimicrobial activity of 29 clinically important compounds tested against fastidious HACEK group ... |
| | Each case of HACEK infection therapy should be guided by accurate susceptibility tests, for which the Etest seems preferred for these fastidious species. | | | HACEK group organisms are very fastidious organisms (Haemophilus spp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominus, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp.) that can produce serious invasive infections such as endocarditis. | | | Numerous therapeutic options appear possible for initial parenteral treatment followed by oral "step-down" or switch therapy. |
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http://www1.elsevier.com/cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=07328893&iss=1&vol=34&pii=S073288939800165
(182 words)
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 90, Infective Endocarditis |
| | Uremia is associated with an increased incidence of culture-negative endocarditis. | | | Cerebral embolism and rupture of an intracranial mycotic aneurysm (which may be presaged only by persistent headache) are devastating complications. | | | Emboli to the kidneys may cause flank or back pain, suggesting renal infarction. |
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http://www.merck.com/pubs/mm_geriatrics/sec11/ch90.htm
(1573 words)
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| | Endocarditis |
| | Early surgical intervention is emphasised for some patients, including those with prosthetic valves and worsening clinical picture, particularly if their haemodynamic condition deteriorates. | | | Although an enormous variety of organisms have been reported as causing endocarditis, in practice most cases are caused by a limited range of pathogens. | | | Endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the heart valves, associated with either congenital or disease-induced anomalies of native or prosthetic valves. |
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http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/Vascular%20infections/Endocarditis/Endocarditis.htm
(568 words)
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| | Hacek - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography |
| | The left (down) stroke is thicker than the right (up) stroke in typographically correct typefaces, but these are rare. | | | This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Hacek contains research on | | | Hacek, Usage, Writing and printing haceks, List of letters, Other uses, Software, Unicode, TeX, Macintosh, Microsoft Word and XFree86. |
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http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/Hacek
(992 words)
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| | Clinical Case 6 |
| | Certainly the ability to survive in the blood prior to colonization of heart valves is important as is the ability to attach to damaged valves of the heart. | | | The symptoms vary greatly and are dependent on many factors including the infecting organism, where the focus of infections lies, the patient's age and overall health status etc. Some of the most common presenting symptoms include: fever, heart murmur, chills, weight loss, backache, headache, splenomegaly, and skin lesions, including splinter hemorrhages under the nails. | | | There is no well-characterized virulence factor associated with the abilities of these organisms to cause endocarditis. |
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http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~lima/case6.html
(1187 words)
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| | COW Due 5 |
| | The most likely organisms are named above, with S. viridans, enterococci, and S. aureus responsible for 90% of cases in the past. | | | These can be useful for following the course of the disease and response to therapy, but do not aid in the diagnosis. | | | Osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone usually caused by a pyogenic organism. |
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http://www.pchmmc.com/COWs/archive%20COWs/may04cow.htm
(6979 words)
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| | An approach to the diagnostic use of echocardiography |
| | An approach to the diagnostic use of echocardiography | | | These are fastidious organisms which are part of the oropharyngeal flora. | | | Viridans streptococci, S. bovis, HACEK group, or Community-acquired S. |
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http://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/web/endocarditis.htm
(858 words)
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| | April 1999 CDA Journal, Copyright 1999 Journal of the California Dental Association |
| | The authors did detect a strong relationship between cardiac valvular defects and the development of endocarditis. | | | Interestingly, any endocarditis attributable to viridans streptococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci (not Group D), anaerobes, and HACEK organisms (Haemophilus influenzae, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae) was considered to have originated from the oral cavity, even though most of these organisms also reside elsewhere in the body. | | | Dental extractions were performed in six patients with endocarditis and none of the controls, but the extractions were not included in the study protocol. |
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http://www.cda.org/cda_member/pubs/journal/jour499/clinical.html
(750 words)
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| | What's News: 1999 News Archives |
| | This drug shows good in vitro activity against vancomycin-resistant E. | | | The presumed mechanism of infection is through ingestion, although this mechanism was not clearly established for five of the six patients presented. | | | Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of 29 Clinically Important Compounds Tested Against Fastidious HACEK Group Organisms posted 6/29/99 |
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http://www.hopkins-id.edu/stories_99.html
(15322 words)
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| | Recent fevers with a Heart Murmur |
| | These clinical and laboratory findings are typical for infection by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, one of the HACEK organisms (Haemophilus aphrophilus/paraphrophilus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae). | | | Organisms scraped from the colonies are pale-staining gram negative coccobacilli. | | | It was subsequently found to be common oral flora, and endocarditis caused by this organism is often associated with recent dental work (although our patient had no recent dental work or periodontal disease, she did have preexisting mitral valve disease- another predisposing factor). |
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http://www.slu.edu/colleges/med/pathcase/feb97/dis.shtml
(334 words)
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| | Endocarditis |
| | Patients with any of the HACEK organisms often may be treated at home, because these organisms are usually very sensitive to antibiotics. | | | Some patients with native valve disease caused by penicillin-susceptible streptococci can be treated solely as outpatients, whereas those with infections due to other organisms should begin therapy in the hospital. | | | The only caveat about these patients is that they may have a higher potential for embolization. |
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http://www.opat.com/OPAT%20Applications/infections/endocarditis.htm
(658 words)
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| | World Health Online |
| | Antibiotic therapy should be based on results of culture and sensitivity; in the case of suspected endocarditis, blood culture will be necessary. | | | There may be an association with HIV infection. | | | Diagnosis is based on clinical picture, identification of organisms by dark field illumination of cutaneous lesions and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. |
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http://www.worldhealth-ol.com/Glossary/glossary-a.htm
(1494 words)
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| | Infective Endocarditis |
| | Choose a bactericidal antimicrobial based on the sensitivities of the organism. | | | Slow growing, difficult to isolate organisms such as the HACEK organisms | | | This vegetation is devoid of white blood cells — a zone of agranulocytosis, which is one reason for the need for prolonged and bactericidal antimicrobial therapy. |
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http://www.ratsteachmicro.com/Endocarditis/HCOE_CAI_Review_Notes_Endocarditis.htm
(458 words)
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| | Oral Medicine.com - Dr. Fariba Younai - Learning Center - Brought to you by Basic Design Studio |
| | Congenital heart disease is a life long condition during which the patient and the lesion evolve concurrently. | | | However, unless patient is undergoing a valve replacement or postmortem examination, the diagnosis has to be made clinically: | | | • The gold standard for the diagnosis of IE is culture of the pathologic organism from a valve or other endocardial surface. |
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http://www.oral-medicine.com/learningcenter/dentalprofessionals/Courses/lectures-dentalissues-cardio2.htm
(1423 words)
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| | Station Information - Hacek |
| | The HACEK organisms are a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that a part of the human normal flora and are a frequent cause of endocarditis in children. | | | A hacek or háček ("ˇ", pronounced HUH-check), also known as a caron, is a diacritic placed over certain letters to indicate palatalization or jotation in the orthography of some Slavic and Baltic languages. | | | The use of hacek (and the acute) for Latin characters was introduced by Jan Hus in the 15th century into the Czech language and today it is also used by the Slovaks, Slovenians, Croatians, Upper Lusatian and Lower Lusatian Sorbs, Lithuanians, Latvians and partly by the Poles. |
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http://www.stationinformation.com/encyclopedia/h/ha/hacek.html
(132 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: HACEK organisms |
| | A HACEK organism is one of a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that form a normal part of the human flora. | | | They are a frequent cause of inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, (endocarditis) in children. | | | Updated 275 days 18 hours 30 minutes ago. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/HACEK-organisms
(93 words)
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| | List of medical topics -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | (The branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms) Physiology - study of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms | | | (The branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms) Embryology - study of embryo and fetal development | | | (Appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard) Bioassay - measurement of effects of a substance on the body |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/L/Li/List_of_medical_topics.htm
(3217 words)
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| | Surgery |
| | medical treatment alone may be sufficient for late (>12 months) prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by oral streptococci or HACEK organisms if there are no signs of perivalvular infection |
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http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/infective_endocarditis%20surgery.htm
(369 words)
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| | Endocarditis, infective |
| | Fastidious organism: Brucella spp, fungi, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, HACEK organisms (Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp) | | | Wilson WR, Karchner AW, Dajani AS, et al: Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. |
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http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0301.html
(219 words)
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| | Endocarditis and Valvular Heart Disease |
| | HACEK organisms that will grow very slowly in culture | | | staph epidermidis (coag – staph) relatively common in PV IE fungal organisms in PV IE, immunosuppressed hosts, and indwelling | | | infective endocarditis due to steptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK |
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http://www.emcritcare.com/065-132/078-endocarditis.htm
(619 words)
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| | hacek - definition of hacek in Encyclopedia |
| | The characters Ě/ě are a part of the Unicode Latin Extended-A set while the rest are in Latin Extended-B, which often causes an inconsistent appearance. | | | Embed a dictionary search in your own web page | | | In Microsoft Word, you can usually find letters with haceks my clicking Insert / Symbol / Symbols. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/hacek
(578 words)
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| | UConn Health Center Template |
| | Mimae:Opportunistic Oral Organism, J. Oral Surg., 29:715, 1971. | | | The Use Of Mandibular Bone For Revision Of Malunion Of The Maxilla, J. Oral Surg., 29:825, 1971. |
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http://sdm.uchc.edu/departments/oralmaxillo/OMFS%20Website/goldbergCV.htm
(932 words)
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