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| | Bacteria, gram positive bacilli |
 | | If there are enough organisms in the centrifuged cerebrospinal fluid specimen so that a few organisms can be seen after viewing the gram stain slide for five minutes, one can be sure that in the ER or on the ward a patient will be in a bad condition. | | | has a page with links to LM gram stain images of most, if not all clinically relevant bacteria, including L monocytogenes which are helpful for the clinician and the technologist since they will view similar shape, color and size at similar x1,000 magnification in a routine clinical laboratory setting. | | | If rat bite is part of the patient clinical history, a specimen may be sent to a specialized reference laboratory. |
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http://www.buddycom.com/bacteria/gpr.html
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| | Learn more about Gram staining in the online encyclopedia. |
| | Opinions vary as to the best choice but suitable stains include safranin or fuchsin.This stains the gram negative organisms. | | | As a rule of thumb (which has exceptions), Gram-negative bacteria are more dangerous as disease organisms, because their outer membrane acts as "camouflage"; the human body does not contain peptidoglycan and in fact produces an enzyme called lysozyme which attacks the open peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacteria. | | | It is named after the inventor, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram (1853-1928), who developed the technique in 1884 to discriminate between pneumococci and ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'\' bacteria. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/g/gr/gram_staining.html
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| | Investigational Antibiotic May be a Weapon in War Against Resistant Bacteria |
| | Moellering reported a clinical response rate (cure and improvement) of 73.8 percent in 195 clinically evaluable patients, and a bacteriologic response rate (pathogens eradicated and presumed eradicated) of 70.9 percent. | | | Enrollment criteria for these patients included positive cultures for pathogens resistant to all clinically appropriate antibiotics but thought to be susceptible to Synercid, and signs and symptoms of infection. | | | Robert C. Moellering, M.D., Shields Warren-Mallinckrodt professor of medical research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, reported on the safety and efficacy of Synercid in severely ill patients -- such as those who have undergone organ transplantation, hematologic disorders, mechanical ventilation or dialysis. |
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http://pslgroup.com/dg/2d70a.htm
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| | Gram Stain Technique |
| | The Gram stain is the most important and universally used staining technique in the bacteriology laboratory. | | | Gram-positive cells may become gram negative through mechanical damage, conversion to protoplasts, or aging, in which autolytic enzymes attack the walls. | | | In the Gram stain, the cells are first heat fixed and then stained with a basic dye, crystal violet, which is taken up in similar amounts by all bacteria. |
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http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/LabMaterialsMethods/GramStain.htm
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| | CDC - Nonhemolytic, Nonmotile Gram-Positive Rods Indicative of Bacillus anthracis |
| | The pain was not related to meals or bowel movements and was not accentuated or relieved by any specific position. | | | Although the patient’s symptoms did not correlate with classic anthrax disease, a fatal case of inhalational anthrax mimicking intraabdominal sepsis had been recently reported (21). | | | This study analyzed a total of 230 B. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no8/03-0205.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Important Gram-Negative Anaerobes Table 33.1 provides a list of clinically important gram negative anaerobes. | | | C. perfringens is also found in bile, and is one of the organisms associated with cholangitis. | | | Epidemiology Organism is rarely found in the intestinal flora of non-hospitalized patients. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/mech/lectures/hec47.doc
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| | Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Strengthens Patent Portfolio for Gram-Positive Franchise With Award of Patent for ... |
| | McLain added, "At Nabi Biopharmaceuticals we are building what will be the first comprehensive and holistic approach in the prevention and treatment of dangerous and often life-threatening hospital-acquired infections. | | | "The award of this patent is part of our strategy to protect and expand this franchise, and it significantly strengthens the company's intellectual property position in this area." Mr. |
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http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/10-11-2005/0004166009&EDATE=
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| | Infection Control Today - 09/2003: Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria |
| | has a lot to do with the composition of their cell wall on whether or not they stain positive or negative,” says Dennis Stevens, MD, professor of medicine and chief of infectious diseases at the Department of Veterans Affairs in Boise, Idaho. | | | Gram positives may also be found there, but also can reside on mucous membranes such as mouth, vagina or the skin. | | | If somebody comes in with a big abscess in their skin, it’s more likely to be staph, so you’d prescribe an antibiotic against staph and you wouldn’t worry about the gram negatives. |
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http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/391Clinical.html
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| | Photo Gallery of Pathogenic Bacterial |
| | Chlamydia trachomatis (fig 1, images of elementary bodies, images of reticulate bodies) | | | Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (Gram negative rod)(fig 1) | | | Bacteria which cannot or are difficult to Gram stain |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3504/gallery.htm
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| | Prokaryotic Cell Structure: The Gram Positive Cell Wall |
| | E-Medicine article on infections associated with organisms mentioned in this Learning Object. | | | As mentioned in the previous section on peptidoglycan, gram-positive bacteria are those that retain the initial dye crystal violet during the Gram stain procedure and appear purple when observed through the microscope. | | | Prokaryotic Cell Structure: The Gram Positive Cell Wall |
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http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/gpcw.html
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| | Loyola Univ. Health Univ. Health Sys- Microbiology & Immunology: GRAM STAIN TECHNIQUE |
| | Loyola Univ. Health Univ. Health Sys- Microbiology and Immunology: GRAM STAIN TECHNIQUE | | | At lower concentrations, the Gram stain of a clinical specimen seldom reveals organisms even if the culture is positive. | | | Appearance of the Gram positive coccus and Gram negative bacillus at different stages of the gram staining procedure are illustrated below: |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/DeptWebs/microbio/med/gram/tech.htm
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| | Bite Sized tutorials, the gram stain |
| | The most significant from a clinical point of view is the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoea which typically appears as a Gram-negative diplococcus looking very much like a pair of kidney bean. | | | The bacterial smear is then treated with Gram's solution which consists of 1 part iodine, 2 parts potassium iodide, and 300 parts water. | | | However we would not be able to see those which had lost the dye-iodine complex which are called Gram-negative. |
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http://www.ncl.ac.uk/dental/oralbiol/oralenv/tutorials/gramstain.htm
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| | Gram staining - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It yields results much quicker than culture, and is especially important when infection would make an important difference in the patient's treatment and prognosis; examples are cerebrospinal fluid for meningitis and synovial fluid for septic arthritis. | | | The method is named after the inventor, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram (1853-1938), who developed the technique in 1884 to discriminate between pneumococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. | | | Gram staining (or Gram's method) is an empirical method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining
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| | Gram - definition of Gram in Encyclopedia |
| | For other meanings of gram, see gram (disambiguation). | | | The gram (also spelt gramme) is a unit of measurement of mass, and is defined in the SI system of units as one thousandth of a kilogram (ie. | | | The formerly used alternate symbol gm is no longer correct. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Gram
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| | Michael Caparon |
| | Research in my laboratory is directed at understanding the complex interactions that occur between pathogenic gram positive bacteria and their human hosts during infection. | | | Genes involved in regulation have been identified (mga, rofA, gasK1K2R, ropB, tig) and their role in regulation is under analysis using state of the art tools we are developing for S. | | | Positive transcriptional control of mry regulates virulence in the group A streptococcus. |
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http://www.microbiology.wustl.edu/dept/fac/caparon.html
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| | Bacteria, gram-positive cocci |
| | If there is an area of clear or "beta," hemolysis, the possibility of the presence of group A organisms exists, although the same type of hemolysis pattern may also be exhibited by some other organisms such as some gram negative rods which may also be present. | | | View a gram stain, such as it is, M. | | | While both S aureus and S epidermidis are normal inhabitants of the skin, epidermidis had been considered the lesser of the two in virulence. |
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http://www.buddycom.com/bacteria/gpc.html
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| | AllRefer.com - Gram's stain (Biology, General) - Encyclopedia |
| | Gram's stain, laboratory staining technique that distinguishes between two groups of bacteria by the identification of differences in the structure of their cell walls. | | | In the staining technique, cells on a microscope slide are heat-fixed (killed) and stained with a basic dye, crystal violet, which stains all bacterial cells blue; then they are treated with an iodine-potassium iodide solution that allows the iodine to enter the cells and form a water-insoluble complex with the crystal violet dye. | | | The Gram stain, named after its developer, Danish bacteriologist Christian Gram, has become an important tool in bacterial taxonomy, distinguishing between so-called gram-positive bacteria, which remain colored after the staining procedure, and gram-negative bacteria, which do not retain dye. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/G/Gramssta.html
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| | Clinical Trial: Antibiotic Treatment for Patients with Infections of Short Term In-Dwelling Vascular Catheters Due to a ... |
| | This study will treat patients who have a short term central catheter that is thought to be infected with a specific bacteria (gram positive bacteria) | | | Antibiotic Treatment for Patients with Infections of Short Term In-Dwelling Vascular Catheters Due to a Specific Bacteria (Gram Positive Bacteria) | | | Clinical Trial: Antibiotic Treatment for Patients with Infections of Short Term In-Dwelling Vascular Catheters Due to a Specific Bacteria (Gram Positive Bacteria) |
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http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00037050
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| | Gram Stain |
| | While examining lung tissue from patients who had died of pneumonia, he discovered that certain stains were preferentially taken up and retained by bacterial cells. | | | In 1884, Hans Christian Gram, a Danish doctor working in Berlin, accidentally stumbled on a method which still forms the basis for the identification of bacteria. | | | Gram didn't know - he simply worked empirically. |
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http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Video/Gram.html
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| | Gram-positive bacteria |
| | Bacteria may be differentiated using the Gram stain procedure. |
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http://www.rockefeller.edu/vaf/grampos.htm
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| | Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Gram-positive Neisseria meningitis |
| | Within 24 hours, cerebrospinal fluid cultures were found to be markedly positive for Neisseria meningitidis. | | | Gram stain involves colorizing, decolorizing, and counterstaining bacterial organisms to sort them into grampositive (resists decolorization and retains primary dye) and gram-negative (decolorized and takes up counterstain) categories. | | | These were compared with adjacent neutrophils, which appeared gram-negative, thus indicating proper Gram stain technique. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_199905/ai_n8831684
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| | Genome Biology Full text The ESAT-6 gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other high G+C Gram-positive ... |
| | The gene positions of members of families C, D, G and H are maintained in all five regions (see Figure 1), whereas most of the families that are not present in region 4 seem to be more flexible with regard to their position within the gene clusters (families A, B, I and L). | | | There are also genes present within some of the ESAT-6 gene clusters that do not have any homologs in the other clusters, suggesting subsequent insertions or deletions from the ancestral region (indicated by black arrows in Figure 1, see also Table 2). | | | subtilis) that did not form part of a similar gene cluster were considered for the analyses, to exclude any potential unassociated similarity that could lead to false positives. |
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http://genomebiology.com/2001/2/10/research/0044
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| | Gram-postive Bacteria |
| | RNA secondary structures on this page are based on the model of Harris, et al., 2001 RNA 7:220. | | | High G+C Gram positive RNase P sequences and structures |
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http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/RNaseP/highGC.html
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| | InterPro: IPR001899 Surface protein from Gram-positive cocci, anchor region |
| | No significance is attached to the position of the node on a particular inner-circle, other than convenience, though some attempt has been made to group nodes. | | | In addition some PROSITE signatures give false positives, which could result in a misleading taxonomy display. | | | The number of hits is excessive, and includes many false positives. |
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http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001899
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| | Gram Stain |
| | The Gram stain, which divides most clinically significant bacteria into two main groups, is the first step in bacterial identification. | | | Athough some chains are discernible on this slide, much of the bacteria is too dense or "clumped" to see the true arrangement pattern. | | | This is a gram stain of a Streptococcus bacteria. |
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http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/12gramstain.html
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| | Gram Positive and Negative |
| | They are used to describe the response of bacterial cells to a staining procedure developed by Gram. | | | ------------------------------------------------ No, the term Gram positive and negative have nothing to do with charge. | | | name Amber status student age 17 Question - Do gram negative and gram positive cell walls give a bacteria a general polarity, making a gram negative cell hydrophobic and a gram positive cell hydrophilic? |
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http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00282.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The stain is caused by a higher amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which typically lacks the secondary membrane and lipopolysaccharide layer found in other bacteria. | | | Bacteria that are gram-positive are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria. |
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http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/g/gr/gram_positive.html
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| | Bacterial colonies |
| | The Gram reaction is named after the Danish physician, Christian Gram, who developed this staining technique in 1884. | | | Bacterial cells are dried onto a glass slide and stained with crystal violet, then washed briefly in water. | | | However spirochaetes have a different type of motility from that of the common spiral bacteria. |
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http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/microbes/shape.htm
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| | Gram-positive Mercury Resistance Genes in Gram-negative Oral Bacteria |
| | We have also been able to move the merA genes into Enterococcus faecalis recipient. | | | Methods: Those that were positive were screened using DNA-DNA hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hybridization of the PCR product and selective sequencing of the PCR product to confirm the presence of the Gram-positive merA genes. | | | Results: Eight Gram-negative genera, Citrobacter, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Serratia were positive for Gram-positive merA genes. |
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http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_39742.htm
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| | Bacteria |
| | Although the Gram stain might seem an arbitrary criterion to use in bacterial taxonomy, it does, in fact, distinguish between two fundamentally different kinds of bacterial cell walls and reflects a natural division among the bacteria. | | | More recently, genome sequencing, especially of their 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), has provided new insights into the evolutionary relationships among the bacteria. | | | Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are gram-positive. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Eubacteria.html
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| | flagella |
| | Gram negative bacteria (such as E. coli and S. typhimurium) have 3 distinct surface layers: inner and outer phospholipid membranes, between which lies the rigid peptidoglycan cell wall. | | | The walls of gram positive bacteria lack both outer layers, and in these species the L and P rings are also absent. | | | Between the hook and the motor there is a rigid drive shaft which rotates within molecular bearings located in the bacterial membranes: the L ring in the outer membrane and the P ring in the peptidoglycan layer. |
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http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/illingworth/motors/flagella.htm
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| | NYU/Mesdstudents Gram Positive Negative Cocci |
| | Note the size differences in the following two images: one a gram stain of a Corynebacterium and the other a spore stain of a Bacillus. | | | Organisms to be considered in this group are nonsporulating pleomorphic rods of the genus Corynebacterium, the much larger sporulating rods of the facultative anaerobic genus Bacillus, and the obligate anaerobic genus Clostridium. |
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http://www.medstudents.com.br/basic/microb/grampoba/grampoba.htm
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