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Topic: Glia



  
 Reciprocal Interactions between Neurons and Glia Are Required for Drosophila Peripheral Nervous System Development -- ...
of Repo-positive glia was not caused by migration of the peripheral
Sepp KJ, Auld VJ (2003) RhoA and Rac1 GTPases mediate the dynamic rearrangement of actin in peripheral glia.
(Nrg) in glia expressing EGFR pathway mutants was monitored.
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/23/23/8221   (6610 words)

  
 Drosophila tissue and organ development: Glia
Whether the epithelial and marginal glia arise from distinct precursors that migrate on the same pathway is unclear.
Subsequent migration of glia from the dorsal and ventral margin progenitors is then both permitted and directed along the specific pathways of the scaffold.
Moreover, glia follow the aberrant pathways of scaffold axons that project aberrantly, as occurs in the mutant dachsous.
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/aimorph/glia.htm   (8832 words)

  
 Conversion of neurons and glia to external-cell fates in the external sensory organs of Drosophila hamlet mutants by a ...
Conversion of neurons and glia to external-cell fates in the external sensory organs of Drosophila hamlet mutants by a cousin-cousin cell-type respecification -- Moore et al.
Articles by Moore, A. Articles by Jan, Y.-N. Conversion of neurons and glia to external-cell fates in the external sensory organs of Drosophila hamlet mutants by a cousin-cousin cell-type respecification
http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/6/623   (196 words)

  
 RhoA and Rac1 GTPases mediate the dynamic rearrangement of actin in peripheral glia -- Sepp and Auld 130 (9): 1825 -- ...
The ventral peripheral glia (vPG, solid arrow), which initially migrates in the cone-shaped glial cluster, separates its processes from the other glia to ensheathe the ventral cluster sensory neurons.
RhoA and Rac1 GTPases mediate the dynamic rearrangement of actin in peripheral glia
most effective means of visualizing peripheral glia in vivo.
http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/130/9/1825   (6113 words)

  
 Radial Glia in the Neocortex...
The current experiment, however, is the first demonstration of glia with radial glia-like immunoreactivity and morphology in the neocortex of the adult rat.
During this stage, radial glia cells are immunoreactive for vimentin and Rat-401, but not for GFAP.
Thus, they may have served a purpose during that stage of brain development—as guides for late migrating neurons into the damaged area (see above, Ref 6) as aids in the repair of the glial limitans, or as guides for callosal or other fibers (25)—but are simply vestigial.
http://mickey.utmem.edu/netpapers/Rosen/Radial94/RadialMain.html   (3018 words)

  
 Insulin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Activate a Neurogenic Program in Muller Glia of the Chicken Retina -- Fischer et ...
Consistent with the notion that Müller glia in peripheral
glia in peripheral regions of the retina may express higher levels
Müller glia in peripheral regions of the retina may underlie
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/22/21/9387   (6605 words)

  
 GAT-1 and Reversible GABA Transport in Bergmann Glia in Slices -- Barakat and Bordey 88 (3): 1407 -- Journal of ...
To further characterize GAT currents in Bergmann glia, we pressure applied different substrate agonists and studied the Na
Overall, our study that characterizes GABA transport in Bergmann glia in situ is an important step in defining the role of
from Bergmann glia in rat cerebellar slices to characterize carrier-mediated
http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/88/3/1407   (7178 words)

  
 Bergmann Glia GABAA Receptors Concentrate on the Glial Processes That Wrap Inhibitory Synapses -- Riquelme et al. 22 ...
R expressed by Bergmann glia and other astrocytes are functionally related to GABAergic synaptic
The Bergmann glia processes that wrap these spines also have glial GABA
Bergmann glia processes that wrap dendritic spines show immunolabeling
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/22/24/10720   (5736 words)

  
 2003 GRC on Glial Biology: Functional Interactions Among Glia & Neurons
Non-neuronal cells clearly have vital roles in neuronal development, activity, plasticity, and recovery from injury, and recent studies have shown that glia are not simply the matrix in which neurons are embedded.
For example, much more is known about glia-neuron interactions at the excitatory glutamatergic synapse compared to other neurotransmitter systems, and this conference should stimulate expansion of cross-disciplinary studies of cell-cell interactions in other transmitter pathways.
Interactions among these researchers for the first time would be expected to lead to novel insights into roles of glia in nervous system function and to focus research on resolving controversies and pushing forward the frontiers in this new subdiscipline of Neuroscience.
http://www.grc.uri.edu/programs/2003/glial.htm   (1379 words)

  
 Tramtrack controls glial number and identity in the Drosophila embryonic CNS -- Badenhorst 128 (20): 4093 -- Development
glia I analyzed the temporal profile of Ttk69 expression.
I analyzed the timing of Ttk69 expression in glia and
In contrast, glia which express Repo and do not undergo further
http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/128/20/4093   (5126 words)

  
 Proinflammatory cytokines increase glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in enteric glia -- von Boyen et al. 53 ...
GFAP+ enteric glia in vivo was similar to that in our cultures,
Newborn rats (Wistar strain) were deeply anaesthetised by ether
Each bar represents the mean (SEM) of four independent experiments.
http://gut.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/53/2/222   (4000 words)

  
 Lowly Glia Strengthen Brain Connections
Glia make up approximately 90 percent of the cells in the human brain and yet researchers have assigned mainly passive functions to them.
In the brain, such connections allow nerve cells to pass along messages about our every sensation, thought and movement.
This is the conclusion of a study reported in the September 12 issue of Science by researchers from the Stanford University School of Medicine.
http://www.docguide.com/dg.nsf/PrintPrint/5EFFB900F3DE4A888525651C00532065   (718 words)

  
 NIDA - Newsroom - Research Identifies Proteins Crucial to Construction of Brain's Information Superhighway during Brain ...
This key insight into the process of normal synapse development may lead to improved treatment of conditions such as drug addiction and epilepsy, which are characterized in part by too many synapses.
These neuron-to-neuron junctions form early in brain development, and their construction was thought to be guided by the nerve cells themselves.
Glia account for 90 percent of the cells in a mammalian brain, but until recently scientists focused mainly on the supportive role that glial cells play in helping mature neurons survive.
http://www.nida.nih.gov/newsroom/05/NR2-10.html   (680 words)

  
 Glial cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Another misconception is that glia seem to retain the ability to undergo mitosis, while neurons lack this ability.
In the human brain, glia are estimated to outnumber neurons by as much as 50 to 1.
Though not technically glia because they are derived from monocytes rather than ectodermal tissue, they are commonly categorized as such because of their supportive role to neurons.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glia   (1124 words)

  
 Wiley::Glia
Wiley > Life & Medical Sciences > Neuroscience > Glia
GLIA is a peer-reviewed journal which publishes articles dealing with all aspects of glial structure and function.
http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-GLIA.html   (86 words)

  
 Critical Role for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 in Controlling Infection of Central Nervous System Glia and ...
that TMEV rapidly spread from the brain to the glia in the spinal
Further, in vitro studies suggested that SHP-1 may
are likely to be affected by SHP-1 in the CNS glia in vitro.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/76/16/8335   (5582 words)

  
 Interleukin-1{beta} activates specific populations of enteric neurons and enteric glia in the guinea pig ileum and ...
Miampamba M, Yang H, Sharkey KA, and Tache Y. Intracisternal TRH analog induces Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons and glia in conscious rats.
glia also expressed Fos when stimulated with hrIL-1
Expression of Fos in enteric glia in the ileum and colon in response to rhIL-1
http://ajpgi.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/G1268   (4289 words)

  
 Glia
These, and still other functions, make glia very important, indeed.
One of the functions of glia is to "myelinate" axons.
Also, some diseases affect certain types of glia, but not all glia.
http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/nervssys/unit10/glia.htm   (1154 words)

  
 Neural circuits in the 21st century: Synaptic networks of neurons and glia -- LoTurco 97 (15): 8196 -- Proceedings of ...
with earlier research showing that glia express neurotransmitter
Ultimately, experiments will have to be designed in which
that one role of glia may be to modulate the activity at neuron-to-neuron
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/97/15/8196   (1259 words)

  
 AAAS Science's STKE pp. tw62
Thus, rather than relying on conventional synaptic communication, Bergmann glia regulate neuronal migration by releasing D-serine as a neuromodulator.
They are guided by radial glia cells, although this intercellular relationship does not appear to require conventional synapse formation.
Stimulation of the AMPA receptors in cultured glia increased the secretion of D-serine, whereas treatment with an AMPA receptor antagonist blocked basal production of D-serine.
http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sigtrans;2005/271/tw62   (308 words)

  
 Neuroscience for Kids - Glia
Provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
Although glia cells DO NOT carry nerve impulses (action potentials) they do have many important functions.
There are a few ways in which glia cells are different from neurons:
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/glia.html   (222 words)

  
 Sequential Signaling through Notch1 and erbB Receptors Mediates Radial Glia Differentiation -- Patten et al. 23 (14): ...
makes the glia more responsive to neuronal NRG, which then
Radial glia cells both generate neurons and physically guide
induces radial glia formation, however, the mechanisms involved
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/14/6132   (331 words)

  
 glia
There are three main types of glia cells in the central nervous system: microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, each of which perform different functions.
Glia cells are specialized to support and nourish the neurons and have many regulatory functions.
Glia are specialized cells of the nervous system whose main function is to "glue" neurons together.
http://www.yourencyclopedia.net/Glia.html   (126 words)

  
 Nikon MicroscopyU: Featured Microscopist - Thomas J. Deerinck
Glia are the class of nerve cells that provide structural support for neurons.
The term neuroglia literally means “nerve glue” and refers to what was formerly believed to be the only function of the cells.
Also referred to as neuroglia, the cells are continuously capable of division and are more than ten times as abundant as neurons in the human brain.
http://www.microscopyu.com/featuredmicroscopist/deerinck/deerinckimage4.html   (256 words)

  
 ESPN.com - Horse Racing - Glia sails in muddy Pebbles
Frankel said he would take Glia back to California, but did not know what race he would point her to.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in any form.
Though Glia had never run on dirt, her breeding suggested she could handle it.
http://espn.go.com/horse/news/2002/1014/1446014.html   (393 words)

  
 Glia High IQ Society
The Glia Society is an international organization for friendly contact between intelligent individuals.
Or try some of these mind games if you like.
For membership, there are requirements in the form of scores on selected high-range IQ tests.
http://paulcooijmans.lunarpages.com   (60 words)

  
 Glia High IQ Society
Goals of The Glia Society, founded 1997, are to provide a forum between intelligent individuals and encourage intelligence-related research.
Required for admission is to be at or above the level of 1 in 1000 of the unselected population in intelligence.
Click here for more information about the Glia Society.
http://www.eskimo.com/~miyaguch/glia.html   (457 words)

  
 Different Dystrophin-like Complexes Are Expressed in Neurons and Glia -- Blake et al. 147 (3): 645 -- The Journal of ...
Different Dystrophin-like Complexes Are Expressed in Neurons and Glia
is found in perivascular astrocytes and Bergmann glia, and is
neurons and glia, respectively, suggests that the dystrobrevins
http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/147/3/645   (6590 words)

  
 Atrophy of Muller Glia and Photoreceptor Cells in Chick Retina Misexpressing cNSCL2 -- Li et al. 42 (13): 3103 -- ...
Müller glia are particularly known to change their morphologic
loss of photoreceptors and glia is due to cNSCL2 misexpression
the developing ganglion cells and later in Müller glia.
http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/42/13/3103   (4054 words)

  
 The gcm-motif: A novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals -- Akiyama et al. 93 (25): 14912 -- ...
In the development of the nervous system, two different types of cells, neurons, and glia, are often derived from common precursors.
DPP signaling controls development of the lamina glia required for retinal axon targeting in the visual system of Drosophila
their fate from the neuronal default to glia.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/93/25/14912   (4641 words)

  
 Induction of Glia Maturation Factor-{beta} in Proximal Tubular Cells Leads to Vulnerability to Oxidative Injury through ...
Induction of Glia Maturation Factor-{beta} in Proximal Tubular Cells Leads to Vulnerability to Oxidative Injury through the p38 Pathway and Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities -- Kaimori et al.
Articles by Imai, E. Induction of Glia Maturation Factor-
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/278/35/33519   (416 words)

  
 glia : Definition
Some evidence indicates that certain types of glia (esp. astrocytes) may serve information-processing roles as well.
These cells are involved in the nutrition and maintenance of the nerve cells (e.g., provide myelin for axons, maintaining ionic balance, clean up after cell damage or death, etc.).
Search for glia in these other databases too
http://www.everythingbio.com/glos/definition.php?word=glia   (144 words)

  
 Cultured Nestin-Positive Cells from Postnatal Mouse Small Bowel Differentiate Ex Vivo into Neurons, Glia, and Smooth ...
polypeptide, and galanin; along with glia, these neurons formed
types, particularly neurons, smooth muscle, and glia including
Cultured Nestin–Positive Cells from Postnatal Mouse Small Bowel Differentiate Ex Vivo into Neurons, Glia, and Smooth Muscle
http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/22/7/1373   (308 words)

  
 Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy: When Glia Misbehave -- Neufeld and Liu 9 (6): 485 -- The Neuroscientist
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy: When Glia Misbehave -- Neufeld and Liu 9 (6): 485 -- The Neuroscientist
CONTACT US Copyright © 2003 by SAGE Publications Privacy Policy
http://nro.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/6/485   (336 words)

  
 Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Regulates Activation of Activator Protein-1 in Murine Fibroblasts -- Andreone et al. 170 ...
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 dependence of stress-induced transcription factors and associated gene expression in glia.
http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/170/4/2113   (5035 words)

  
 Glia-derived signals induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central nervous system -- Nägler et al. 533 ...
The panels depict consecutive current traces obtained by whole-cell recordings at a holding potential of -70 mV from two different neurones growing either for 13 days under glia-free conditions (a) or first for 6 days without glia and then for the last 7 days in the presence of GCM (b).
, B. Control of synapse number by glia.
GCM induced an increase in the frequency of spontaneous EACs: during the entire recording period of 1 min, the neurones showed no (a) and 86 events (b), respectively.
http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/533/3/665   (9003 words)

  
 Two Distinct Glutamate Signals in Bergmann Glia
Life got more complicated when it became clear that transmitter could be released from some dendrites and glia as well and could spill over to extrasynaptic membranes, to other synapses, or onto glial cells.
Recently Matsui and Jahr reported a new form of neuronal- glial glutamate signaling.
Synaptic transmission used to be simple: transmitter was released from axonal terminals and activated immediately adjacent postsynaptic receptors.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=14918   (105 words)

  
 Synaptically Evoked GABA Transporter Currents in Neocortical Glia -- Kinney and Spain 88 (6): 2899 -- Journal of ...
The presence, magnitude, and time course of GABA transporter currents were investigated in electrophysiologically characterized
Synaptically Evoked GABA Transporter Currents in Neocortical Glia -- Kinney and Spain 88 (6): 2899 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
Synaptically Evoked GABA Transporter Currents in Neocortical Glia.
http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/88/6/2899   (6440 words)

  
 Inhibition of GAPDH activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activates three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage in ...
Ha, H.C., Hester, L.D., and Snyder, S.H. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-l dependence of stress-induced transcription factors and associated gene expression in glia.
http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/112/7/1049   (5483 words)

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