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| | Recognizing Intraamniotic Band-like Structures on OB Ultrasound |
 | | Band-like structures within the gestational sac are frequently noted on obstetric sonograms during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. | | | Visualization of a band-like structure should not be confused with amniotic band syndrome especially when thorough fetal anatomy survey reveals no structural anomalies. | | | Despite the plentiful publicity that various types of band-like structures have received in the literature, confusion still exists in the medical community about the precise diagnosis in these cases. |
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http://www.obgyn.net/us/cotm/9909/bands.htm
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| | Amniotic Fluid Pregnancy Weekly |
| | This buoyant fluid not only protects and cushions your baby, it helps your baby grow uniformly, helps bones and muscles develop, allows your baby to move within the uterus, and keeps the walls of the amniotic sac from sticking to your baby. | | | Amniotic fluid is a colorless liquid made of water, fetal skin cells, and fetal waste, and is contained within the amniotic sac or "bag of waters" that surrounds your baby. | | | An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is called polyhydramnios, and is often associated with a multiple pregnancy (twins or triplets), congenital anomalies, or gestational diabetes. |
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http://www.pregnancyweekly.com/pregnancy_information/amniotic_fluid.htm
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| | Ultrasound - Online CME Courses |
| | During the first trimester of pregnancy, the gestational sac should be evaluated with an endovaginal transducer to adequately define the amniotic and chorionic membranes, the yolk sac, the placental development, and the embryo. | | | Yolk Sac The yolk sac has a role in the transfer of nutients to the embryo during the second and third weeks while the uteroplacental circulation is developing. | | | The understanding of the embyogenesis of the placenta, cord, yolk sac, and fetal membranes is important for the sonographer to evaluate the growth of the embryo and the placenta. |
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http://www.gehealthcare.com/twzh/rad/us/education/msucmepl.html
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| | Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios |
| | Because the normal values for amniotic fluid volume increase during pregnancy, the actual volume that constitutes polyhydramnios is dependent on the gestational age of the fetus. | | | The medication lithium, used to treat depression, can also increase amniotic fluid levels. | | | These include gastrointestinal obstructions such as esophageal atresia and duodenal atresia, as well as neurological conditions that affect swallowing including anencephaly. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/polyhydramnios_and_oligohydramnios.jsp
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| | choriocarcinoma |
| | In certain neoplasms â such as gestational choriocarcinoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and subgroups of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's... | | | Cancer.gov - Testicular Cancer (PDQ®): Treatment Nonseminoma includes embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac carcinoma and choriocarcinoma, and various combinations of these cell types. | | | Cancer.gov - Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors (PDQ®): Treatment Choriocarcinoma most commonly follows a molar pregnancy but can follow a normal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, or abortion, and should always be considered when... |
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http://www.cancer-help.org/cancer/0604/choriocarcinoma.html
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| | yolk sac tumour - General Practice Notebook |
| | endodermal sinus tumour or yolk sac tumour - accounts for 20% of malignant germ cell tumours; produces alpha-FP embryonal carcinoma - rare; produces hCG and alpha-FP non-gestational choriocarcinoma - rare; produces hCG | | | The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. | | | All occur in children and young women and grow rapidly. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/medwebpage.cfm?ID=-1543110606
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| | yolk sac: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
| | The yolk sac is the first element seen in the gestational sac during pregnancy, usually at 5 weeks gestation. | | | A membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals and functioning as the circulatory system of the human embryo before internal circulation begins. | | | In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/yolk-sac
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| | non-gestational choriocarcinoma - General Practice Notebook |
| | endodermal sinus tumour or yolk sac tumour- accounts for 20% of malignant germ cell tumours; produces alpha-FP embryonal carcinoma - rare; produces hCG and alpha-FP non-gestational choriocarcinoma - rare; produces hCG | | | Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual. | | | All occur in children and young women and grow rapidly. |
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http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/758448164.htm
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| | Blighted ovum |
| | The condition is diagnosed on ultrasound (US), based on finding a large gestational sac which does not contain an embryo. | | | Established criteria for the diagnosis of anembryonic gestation for transabdominal US are failure to identify an embryo in a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of 20 mm or more. | | | Conservative criteria would be failure to identify an embryo in a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of 18 mm or more, or failure to identify a yolk sac in a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of 13 mm or more. |
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http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume%20IV%202/BLIGHTED%20OVUM.asp
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| | Anembryonic gestation |
| | Evidence supporting the diagnosis of anembryonic gestation would be a clinical history of a more advanced gestational age than what is seen, the presence of bleeding and cramping, or abnormalities of the gestational sac itself. | | | Anembryonic gestation is suspected if no yolk sac is seen when the gestational sac has reached a mean diameter of > 10 mm, or when no fetal pole is seen when the gestational sac is greater than 18 mm in mean diameter. | | | An anembryonic gestation is one in which a visible embryo never develops within the gestational sac. |
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http://www.obgyn.ufl.edu/ultrasound/4Gyn/1First%20TM/9Anembryonic.html
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| | ULTRASOUND IN PREGNANCY WEB BOOK- frames version |
| | Before an embryo is visible, but the sac in which it will grow (the gestational sac) is visible, a measurement called the MEAN SAC DIAMETER (MSD) is used. | | | The GESTATIONAL SAC, also known as the BAG OF WATERS, is essentially everything inside of the chorion (also known as the chorionic sac) during early gestation or everything inside of the chorio-amniotic sac during later gestation (i.e., after approximately 16 weeks menstrual age). | | | (Vitelline comes from the Latin word vitellus which means "little calf.") The cells which form the blood cells of the embryo migrate from the yolk sac to the embryo. |
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http://www.drapplebaum.com/pregnancy.html
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| | Anembryonic gestation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | An anembryonic gestation (aka blighted ovum) is a pregnancy in which a visible embryo never develops within a normal-appearing gestational sac, which likely occurs as a result of early embryonic death with continued development of the trophoblast. | | | A pregnancy is anembryonic if a transvaginal ultrasound reveals a sac with a mean gestational sac diameter (MGD) greater than 13mm and no yolk sac, or a MGD >18 mm with no embryo. | | | For diagnosis, the sac must be of sufficient size that the absence of normal embryonic elements is established. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anembryonic_gestation
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| | Gestational sac - encyclopedia article about Gestational sac. |
| | The yolk sac is the first element seen in the gestational sac during pregnancy, usually at 5 weeks gestation. | | | The gestational sac is the only available intrauterine structure that can be used to determine if an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) exists, until the embryo is identified. | | | The fetal pole is a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac of a fetus during pregnancy. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Gestational+sac
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| | Transvaginal Ultrasound Blighted Ovum |
| | sac may represent a blighted ovum (mean gestational sac... | | | gestational sac should be seen using a transvaginal ultrasound probe when the serum quantitative bhCG... | | | dilatation and curettage for diagnosis Blighted Ovum (Embryonic Resorption) Gestational Sac and... |
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http://ultrasoundcentral.com/Ultrasound5/transvaginalultrasoundblightedovum
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| | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| | The transabdominal study shows an intrauterine gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of 13 mm which corresponds to an estimated gestational age of 5.5 weeks, plus or minus one week. | | | An apparently empty gestational sac is demonstrated (often larger than expected for a normal sac) without a visible embryo. | | | Doppler examination shows flow within the placenta, but no flow within the hematoma. |
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http://www.med.uwo.ca/ume/radiology/year3/OBGYN/obgynfull.htm
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| | COEM....Concepts Of Environmental Medicine |
| | Therefore, CRL of the embryo or later fetal measurements should be used in preference to sac measurements for gestational age assessments. | | | Very early in the first trimester, the echolucent gestational sac is mainly filled by the extraembryonic coelom and the small fetal pole is really the embryo, the yolk sac and the tiny amniotic sac. | | | Copyright 2002 - 2004 © Center for Occupational & Environmental Medicine. |
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http://www.coem.com/pre-slide.asp
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| | uhrad.com - Women's Diagnostic Imaging Teaching Files |
| | Image #2 is a transvaginal ultrasound of the left adnexa demonstrating an ectopic gestational sac with a fetal pole measuring approximately 8 mm. | | | With ectopic pregnancy, the uterus is most commonly normal, but may contain a pseudosac, which will fill the endometrial canal symmetrically as opposed to a gestational sac, which is usually asymmetric. | | | If an intrauterine fluid collection is identified, but no fetal pole or yolk sac is seen, then the differentials include: 1) ectopic pregnancy with pseudosac, 2) IUP too early to identify the yolk sac, 3) abnormal IUP. |
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http://www.uhrad.com/mamarc/mam028.htm
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| | more caffeine please: Pregnancy Archives |
| | The yolk sac is too small in proportion to the gestational sac, though. | | | Anyway, she said that I MUST have had undiagnosed gestational diabetes or he wouldn't have been so large! | | | We weren't able to see much of anything--possibly a small yolk sac with the small possibility that there is an embryo hiding behind it. |
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http://www.michelejo.com/mt-archives/cat_pregnancy.html
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| | Self Eval Section 5 - Question 1 Review |
| | This gestational sac measures 18 mm in diameter. | | | A yolk sac and fetal pole are usually seen when the gestational sac measures 18 mm in diameter. | | | A) If the yolk sac and fetal pole are not visible, anembryonic gestation is strongly suggested. |
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http://www.obgyn.ufl.edu/ultrasound/MedinfoVersion/sec5/exam/se51A.html
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| | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| | The transabdominal study shows an intrauterine gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of 13 mm which corresponds to an estimated gestational age of 5.5 weeks, plus or minus one week. | | | No yolk sac or fetal pole could be identified with certainty. | | | Fetal cardiac activity could be identified, confirming that this is a viable pregnancy. |
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http://www.med.uwo.ca/ume/radiology/year3/OBGYN/ob1.htm
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| | ABORTION |
| | Figure 5.3 Intrauterine gestational sac (note the double decidual ring) with a 5 mm fetal pole and yolk sac. | | | There is usually a history of PV bleeding and lower abdominal pain, although an empty gestational sac (or fetal pole with absent FH) may be an asymptomatic finding at booking scan. | | | Fetal pole with no FH An FH is usually seen on TV scan if the fetal pole is >2–3 mm, but will always be seen by 6 mm (Fig. |
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http://www.obgynworld.com/international/resources/magowan/HC005001.asp
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| | PregnancyCrawler - Web Links |
| | The doctor said this is sometimes called "blighted ovum." The gestational sac was intact and growing at the rate it would have been if there were a fetus. | | | On ultrasound examination there is a gestational sac (2.5 cc or more) in which no fetal pole can be identified. | | | Because the egg's supporting tissue (trophoblast) may continue to function for some time after the death of the embryo the sac may reach considerable size. |
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http://www.pregnancycrawler.com/modules.php?name=Web_Links&l_op=viewlink&cid=182&min=10&orderby=dateA&show=10
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| | Preconception tips & info |
| | Although the gestational sac is intact and growing at the rate it would have been if there were a fetus, there is no embryo present. | | | Diabetes in Pregnancy- Gestational diabetes, causes, symptoms, and treatment. | | | Women who develop gestational diabetes, however, are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. |
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http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/pregnancy/complications
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| | Management of failed prostaglandin abortions -- Lauersen et al. 47 (4): 473 -- Obstetrics & Gynecology |
| | If the sonogram is suggestive of uterin malformation, a hysterosalpinogram should be obtained to determine if there is communication between the cervix and the gestational sac. | | | When a communication exists between the cervix and the gestational sac, the 24 hours of uterine activity induced by the prostaglandin will have resulted in cervical changes so that the cervix can easily be dilated to either a 14 or 16 Hegar dilator and the conceptus can be removed in parts with minimal bleeding. | | | Ten patients failed to abort with prostaglandin therapy, even in association with intravenous oxytocin, a failure rate of 1.9%. |
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http://www.greenjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/4/473
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| | Understanding the Diagnosis of a Blighted Ovum |
| | A blighted ovum (also called an "anembryonic pregnancy") is a fertilized egg which implants in the uterus, and begins to devlop a gestational sac. | | | She may not realize she has a blighted ovum until her healthcare provider fails to detect a heartbeat or an ultrasound reveals an empty gestational sac. | | | One's mind naturally moves to a point where a woman wonders, "will this happen again?" It has also been reported that a blighted ovum does not increase the risk of future miscarriage. |
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http://blightedovum.kokopuff.net/blightedovum.html
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| | Early Pregnancy Volume V, pp. 176-190 |
| | Preliminary results of our study suggest that characterization of early gestational loss must be complemented with cytogenetic studies, as an important diagnostic tool for the clinician specially when an empty sac is detected. | | | An empty sac very likely corresponds to an early embryonic death after implantation (Jauniaux et al., 1994; Jauniaux and Jaffe, 1997); consequently, the term anembryonic has been considered as an erroneous way to define this condition. | | | Gestational age for analysis was the one reported by ultrasound which reflects the moment of embryo or chorioplacental membranes growth arrest. |
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http://www.earlypregnancy.org/EPBM/EPBM%20V/Vol.%20V,%20Num%203/EPBM1313.htm
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| | inevitable abortion |
| | The term "inevitable abortion" is used clinically when the cervix is open and the gestational sac is present at the cervix. | | | If ultrasound shows the gestational sac has been pushed into the lower uterine segment or cervix, the term "inevitable abortion" is likewise appropriate. |
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http://www.obgyn.ufl.edu/ultrasound/4Gyn/1First%20TM/11InevitableAb.html
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| | Birthcare - Pregnancy Discussion Forums - My doctor is scaring me... |
| | Once I got home, I did some research, and everywhere I read states that at 5 weeks gestational age (which would have been from 12/12), an ultrasound will show exactly what we saw; that a heartbeat won't yet be apparent, and may not be for a week or two. | | | I've done so much reading where there is a sac but no pole...so I was kind of hoping that my chances were a bit better. | | | I thought that seeing the fetal pole was a good thing; what are the chances that the yolk sac and fetal pole never amount to anything? |
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http://www.mybirthcare.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=761
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| | eMedicine - Missed Abortion : Article by James L Lindsey, MD |
| | To make the diagnosis with ultrasonography, the findings may include, but are not limited to, absence of fetal pole, lack of growth of fetal pole, fetal pole with no evident heartbeat, lack of yolk sac at the appropriate gestational age, misshapen yolk sac, or placental separation. | | | Transvaginal ultrasonography criteria that strongly suggest missed abortion are the absence of cardiac activity in an embryo with a crown-rump length greater than 5 mm or absence of fetal pole when the mean sac diameter is greater than 18 mm. | | | For patients who experience a fetal death in the second trimester, allowing them to see, hold, or photograph the fetus as would be offered after later fetal death may be helpful (see Evaluation of Fetal Death). |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3309.htm
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