|
| |
| | Gastrulation in Drosophila: the logic and the cellular mechanisms |
 | | For gastrulation to occur, the territories to be internalized must first be defined, and morphogenetic movements then orchestrated to bring the cells into their final positions inside the embryo. | | | One of the earliest events in the development of a multicellular organism is the process of gastrulation, i.e. | | | Oda H, Tsukita S and Takeichi M (1998) Dynamic behavior of the cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion system during Drosophila gastrulation. |
|
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/emboj/journal/v18/n12/full/7591738a.html
(4384 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pharyngula::The evolution of deuterostome gastrulation |
| | Once they get to their positions, however, we're finding that not only is there a general similarity in their arrangements, but they're all dancing to the very same tune. | | | The authors suggest that one very interesting thing to examine would be the pattern of expression of nodal at the time the vertebrate mouth forms; it may have a role in that, too. | | | Gastrulation is a complex process with many specific cell rearrangements and requiring the activation of many molecules. |
|
http://tangledbank.net/index/weblog/comments/deuterostome_gastrulation
(3017 words)
|
|
| |
| | twisted gastrulation |
| | In contrast, it is possible to rescue tsg minus mutants by driving tsg expression with promoters that continue to be expressed into early gastrulation. | | | This in vivo processing of Sog can be duplicated in vitro by treating Sog with a combination of the metalloprotease Tolloid plus Twisted Gastrulation. | | | Evidence is provided that Twisted gastrulation functions in the embryo to generate a Supersog-like activity, perhaps by modifying the enzymic activity of Tolloid, the enzyme that processes Sog (Yu, 2000). |
|
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/torstoll/twistgas.htm
(1549 words)
|
|
| |
| | FlyMove - Gastrulation |
| | One important consequence of gastrulation is that large areas of the blastoderm become topologically distinct. | | | The separation of the three germ layers is achieved by means of the invagination of the presumptive mesoderm, the anterior and posterior midgut primordia and the hindgut anlagen. | | | Gastrulation leads to the formation of the three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. |
|
http://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Gastrulation/GastrulTxt.html
(357 words)
|
|
| |
| | Title: Table |
| | One large advantage to employing this methodology is that they used various experiments to determine the roles of RhoA and Rac1 in gastrulation. | | | From the previous research described above, this article continues to outline the involvement of RhoA and Rac1 in regulating the morphogenetic processes of vertebrate gastrulation. | | | The purpose of this website is to summarize recent research in cell adhesion and its role in the process of gastrulation. |
|
http://www.unr.nevada.edu/~cslastim
(1395 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo |
| | Edited by Claudio Stern, and written by the principal authorities on the subject, Gastrulation: From Cells To Embryo is the most authoritative available guide to this vital period in embryonic development. | | | During gastrulation, the germ layers of an embryo are formed and the body plan of the mature organism is established. | | | Embryology, including extensive reviews of the gastrulation process in seventeen different groups of organisms, from sponges to humans; |
|
http://www.gastrulation.org
(3607 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Although this figure is drawn for Xenopus, the gastrulation movements are generally applicable, although other amphibians show slight differences in mesoderm and endoderm allocation.) 1. | | | Highly integrated cell movements that create the 3 germ layers; endoderm and mesoderm are brought inside -ectoderm — skin, nervous system -mesoderm — muscle, blood, bones, kidneys, gonads, connective tissues -endoderm — GI tract, lungs At the end of gastrulation, mesoderm ends up positioned between ectoderm and endoderm B. Common features of Gastrulation. | | | Allow cortical rotation to occur normally, then induce a secondary rotation by centrifuging the eggs. |
|
http://neuron.montana.edu/courses/BIOL311/AmphibGastr.doc
(975 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation |
| | Wall of blastula flattens and invaginates to form "cup". | | | Pre-gastrulation stages occur before egg is laid, making study of early gastrulation difficult. | | | Mammals - gastrulation similar to birds and reptiles, even though eggs possess little yolk. |
|
http://biology.semo.edu/courses/zo314/gastrul.html
(660 words)
|
|
| |
| | ipedia.com: Gastrula Article |
| | The gastrula phase of embryonic development is seen in all animals except the sponges. | | | After gastrulation is complete, the embryo develops into a neurula. | | | The gastrula phase is marked by a dramatic restructuring called gastrulation. |
|
http://www.ipedia.com/gastrula.html
(96 words)
|
|
| |
| | Early Embryology |
| | After flattening, the process of folding continues to further form the archenteron as well as the blastopore, or external opening of the gastrula. | | | After gastrulation, the process of neurulation, or formation of the neural tube and associated structures, occurs. | | | In contrast with amphioxus gastrulation, amphibian gastrulation is changed slightly due to the larger amount of yolk contained within the egg. |
|
http://acad.udallas.edu/biology/Brown/Anatomy/03Embryology.html
(1682 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Twisted Gastrulation Page |
| | Figure 5: The Twisted Gastrulation N-terminal domain is sufficient to interact with BMP-4, but not with Chordin. | | | After gastrulation, xTsg is expressed as part of the BMP4 synexpression group until late tadpole stages. | | | This molecular pathway, in which Xolloid switches the activity of Tsg from a BMP antagonist to a pro-BMP signal once all endogenous full-length Chordin is degraded, may help explain how sharp borders between embryonic territories are generated. |
|
http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/derobertis/EDR_MS/Tsg_page/tsg.html
(1255 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amazon.com: Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo: Books: Claudio D. Stern |
| | The concept of gastrulation has a history far deeper than Haeckel's original use of the term (Haeckel 1874). | | | During gastrulation, tissue layers are formed and the overall body plan is established. | | | Customers interested in Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo may also be interested in |
|
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0879697075?v=glance
(679 words)
|
|
| |
| | Goldstein Lab Members |
| | The primary mechanism of microfilament-based motility does not appear to be through protrusive structures, such as lamellipodia or filopodia. | | | elegans gastrulation as a simple model to investigate the mechanisms of cell positioning. | | | MOM-2 acts in a pathway independent of the polarized distribution of PAR proteins, and the absence of mom-5 does not affect myosin accumulation, suggesting that Wnt-Fz signaling may directly affect apical constriction downstream of myosin accumulation, possibly to activate contraction. |
|
http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/goldstein/lab/jen.html
(432 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Thus it was no light task to trace the identity of this process of gastrulation in all the animals. | | | This is the gastrula (stomach) stage, and the process of its formation is called gastrulation. | | | It has been done, however; and with this introduction the reader will be able to follow the proof. |
|
http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/vlmn110.txt
(18232 words)
|
|
| |
| | Interactive Fly, Drosophila |
| | Together, these results establish a Rho-mediated signaling pathway that is essential for the major morphogenetic events in Drosophila gastrulation (Barrett, 1997). | | | Evidence is also presented that DRhoGEF2 mediates these specific cell shape changes in response to the extracellular ligand, Folded gastrulation. | | | A general review of this Rho function and of similar functions for two other Ras GTPase superfamily members, Rac and Cdc42, is provided at the Rac site. |
|
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/cytoskel/rho1.htm
(2715 words)
|
|
| |
| | 372-S-01-Handout#13 |
| | Early Development in Amphibians-I: Cleavage and Gastrulation: Principles and Consequences | | | "It is not the birth, marriage, or death, but gastrulation, which is truely the most important time in your life" (Lewis Wolpert, 1986). | | | Major step in laying down the body plan, through profound rearrangement of blastomeres after cleavage (a real " |
|
http://www.sonoma.edu/Biology/Pillai/Biology372/372-s-01-handout_13.html
(383 words)
|
|
| |
| | Lecture: Frog Gastrulation |
| | What experiments have been done to address this question? | | | 3) Describe the major movements of cells and cell layers that occur during gastrulation in the frog, making clear which germ layers each layer or group of cells becomes. | | | Draw where these cells come to be in the gastrula stage. |
|
http://morgan.botany.uga.edu/devbio/syllabus/lecfroggast.htm
(372 words)
|
|
| |
| | genome.gov Feldman Lab |
| | His main areas of research include elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of gastrulation, developing models of human genetic diseases in zebrafish, and improving embryology research techniques. | | | Studies have shown that several signaling pathways act in concert during gastrulation, an important example of which is the Nodal signaling pathway. | | | Feldman’s laboratory uses basic research approaches to investigate the genetic and biochemical causes of human genetic embryonic diseases. |
|
http://www.genome.gov/11007795
(514 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation I |
| | The process of gastrulation is affected, as was cleavage, by the amount and the distribution of yolk. | | | During microlecithal gastrulation, a blastula with a relatively large blastocoel is usually formed. | | | During gastrulation, some of the cells from the surface of the embryo move to the interior and replicate, thereby forming new layers of cells. |
|
http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/gastrulation1.html
(516 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Too-Weak Rule By William Saletan |
| | Prior to gastrulation, they argue, the developing cluster of human cells can't be a person, since it hasn't clarified whether it will become one organism or two. | | | The purpose, West explained, was to develop cures for diseases. | | | "Developmental individuality, which is central to personhood, is not attained until the primitive body axis has begun to form" during gastrulation. |
|
http://slate.msn.com/?id=2059090
(1086 words)
|
|
| |
| | Search Results for gastrulation - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Includes information on biological processes such as gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, regeneration, and embryonic growth. | | | Although amphibian gastrulation is considerably modified in comparison with that in animals with oligolecithal eggs (e.g., amphioxus and starfishes), an archenteron forms by a process of... | | | Immediately after gastrulation—and sometimes even while gastrulation is underway—the germinal layers begin subdividing into regions that will give rise to various parts of the body. |
|
http://www.britannica.com/search?query=gastrulation
(394 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation in Xenopus |
| | Gastrulation in Xenopus is quite a complicated process. | | | Sagittal View of Xenopus Gastrula and study this and all of the remaining pages on Xenopus gastrulation. | | | The movements of gastrulation are best studied by breaking them down into their component events. |
|
http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~browder/gast.html
(50 words)
|
|
| |
| | gastrulation |
| | It is the process by which the simple structure of the blastula is transformed into the complex, 3-dimensional structure of the basic body plan by a series of cell shape changes and rearrangements. | | | Gastrulation has been celled "the most important time of your life" (Lewis Wolpert); without it you would be flat like a pancake! | | | The movements of gastrulation have been visualized by staining small regions of the surface. |
|
http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/sgilber1/DB_lab/Course/gastrulation.html
(359 words)
|
|
| |
| | Chapter 14. Gastrulation and Neurulation |
| | During gastrulation, cell movements result in a massive reorganization of the embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the blastula, into a multi-layered organism. | | | Although the details of gastrulation differ between various groups of animals, the cellular mechanisms involved in gastrulation are common to all animals. | | | You should recognize the beginning of the film from our discussion of gastrulation. |
|
http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap14/Chapter_14.html
(1610 words)
|
|
| |
| | tsg - |
| | This in vivo processing of Sog can be duplicated in vitro by treating Sog with a combination of the metalloprotease Tolloid (Tld) plus Twisted Gastrulation (Tsg), another extracellular factor involved in Dpp signaling. | | | During embryogenesis, cyr61 is expressed most notably in mesenchymal cells that are differentiating into chondrocytes and in the vessel walls of the developing circulatory system. | | | Finally, we note that the loss of TSG function results in a shift in tissue responsiveness to the BMP inhibitory function of chordin in both animal caps and the ventral marginal zone, a result that implies that the activity of TSG may be required for chordin to efficiently inhibit BMPs in these developmental contexts. |
|
http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP/gg/58523.html
(1259 words)
|
|
| |
| | ectoderm on Encyclopedia.com |
| | In higher animals, such as those of the phyla Echinodermata and Chordata, a third, middle layer, the mesoderm, is formed between the ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation, and the process is termed triploblastic development. | | | In the development of animals of the phyla Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria, these two primary layers give rise to all the tissues and organs of the animals, a process known as diploblastic development. | | | In most embryos, differentiation of ectodermal tissue gives rise to epidermis and its specialized structures (scales, feathers, nails, and hair); some exocrine glands (sweat and sebaceous glands); some endocrine glands (the pineal body and the pituitary gland); the nervous system; and the organs of special sense (ear and eye). |
|
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/e1/ectoderm.asp
(431 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation |
| | Immediately after gastrulation, the body axis of the embryo begins to appear. | | | Ectoderm forms tissues associated with outer layers: skin, hair, sweat glands, epithelium. | | | Chordates have the cells that will form the nervous system fold into a neural tube (which will eventually form the spinal cord). |
|
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/ReproductiveSystem/Gastrulation/gastrulation.htm
(208 words)
|
|
| |
| | BIO 351 - Gastrulation Movie |
| | Movie of Xenopus gastrulation made by Dr. M. | | | Once the transfer is complete, however, the movie will play automatically, showing you the process of gastrulation. | | | You can use the controls at the bottom of the movie screen to view individual panels or to play through the full length again. |
|
http://academic.reed.edu/biology/courses/BIO351/movie.html
(184 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amphibian Gastrulation |
| | The blastopore starts to form at the 5 o'clock position and the archenteron elongates during gastrulation towards the future mouth opening at the 9 o'clock position | | | Several hours after the initial gastrulation movements that form the archenteron (shown above), the gastro-intestinal tract starts to differentiate into 3 major regions, the Foregut, Midgut and Hindgut. |
|
http://www.luc.edu/depts/biology/dev/gast.htm
(72 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation |
| | Gastrulation includes a series of morphogenetic movements that re-arrange the animal embryo and and result in the establishment of the primary "germ layers" from which tissues will develop and differentiate. | | | Surface view, showing convergent extension on dorsal side and epiboly of ventral ectoderm (QT or AVI; < 0.5 MB). | | | It then cuts away to a sagital view depicting the movements of cell layers during gastrulation: |
|
http://courses.biology.utah.edu/gard/development/Html/Images_movies/gastrulation.html
(306 words)
|
|
| |
| | Interactive Fly, Drosophila |
| | Before considering these ten tissue movements in some detail, it should be made clear that there are other programs of cell movement, including trachea formation, imaginal disc development and segregation of neuroblasts from the neuroectoderm. | | | Actin is the protein driving these cell shape changes, the same protein involved in muscle tightening, and a constituent of the cytoskeleton. | | | The process of invagination is driven by the dorsal group and multiple proteins that function after fertilization: Regulating cytoskeletal changes that drive gastrulation are Concertina, Folded gastrulation, DRhoGEF2, and Rho1. |
|
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/aimain/2stages.htm
(1904 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amazon.co.uk: Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo: Books |
| | This volume is a guide to this vitally important period in embryonic development. | | | Gastrulation is the complex process of cell differentiation, following the division of a fertilised embryo, during which tissue layers are formed and the overall body plan is established. | | | We have thousands of reviews and reports, helping you make informed decisions. |
|
http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0879697075
(356 words)
|
|
| |
| | Developmental Biology Page |
| | This is a film using confocal microscopy to "see" inside an opaque amphibian embryo. | | | During gastrulation, three primary cell lineages are being established. | | | The dorsal lip of the blastopore forms at the 5 o'clock position at the beginning of the film, while the future mouth opening will form at the 9 o'clock position at the end of the movie. |
|
http://www.luc.edu/depts/biology/dev/devm.htm
(1647 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation and Neurulation |
| | Formation of the primitive streak and the notochord are the two important processes occuring during gastrulation. | | | • Gastrulation (or more precisely, germ layer formation) is the process by which the bilaminar embryonic disc (composed of the epiblast and hypoblast) is turned into the trilaminar embryonic disc. | | | Gastrulation begins on day 14 and ends on day 19. |
|
http://www.ucsf.edu/nreview/01-Embryology/GastruNeurulation.html
(873 words)
|
|
| |
| | Biology 104 Spring 2004 Gastrulation |
| | The endoderm forms the lining of the digestive tract - esophagus, stomach, intestine and also the lungs, the liver, the pancreas, thyroid gland, gill slits, and maybe some of the salivary glands, all of which form by invaginations of parts of the endoderm. | | | Gastrulation is a complex series of active cell rearrangements, especially movement of surface cells into the interior, | | | In many kinds of embryos, gastrulation also includes spreading of epithelial sheets ="epiboly". |
|
http://www.bio.unc.edu/courses/2003spring/biol104/lecture6.html
(1462 words)
|
|
| |
| | Gastrulation Neurulation |
| | simplest gastrulation occurs in species with little or no yolk | | | Gastrulation creats an embryo with an internal endoderm layer, mid mesoderm and ectoderm | | | Gastrocoele opens to outside via the GASTROPORE, which becomes progressively smaller as gastrulation progresses |
|
http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/ljg/gastrulation_neurulation.htm
(611 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | (22) Shook, D. Comparative Analysis of Amphibian Gastrulation; Different Cell Behaviors Produce the Same Biomechanical Forces. | | | Research Papers in Preparation (1) Shook, D. R., and Keller, R. Subduction-related behaviors produce tension that helps to close the blastopore in the urodele Ambystoma mexicanum. | | | (20) Shook, D. and Keller, R. Comparison of urodele and anuran gastrulation; same mechanics, different cell behaviors. |
|
http://faculty.virginia.edu/shook/JobApplicationMaterials/ShookCV.doc
(1455 words)
|
|
| |
| | Stage 6 |
| | This primitive streak is the future axis of the embryo and it marks the beginning of gastrulation, a process that gives rise to all three layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. | | | Stage 6b begins when a narrow line of cells appears on the surface of the embryonic disc. |
|
http://www.visembryo.com/baby/stage6.html
(131 words)
|
|
|
