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| | Dorlands Medical Dictionary |
 | | cerebrospinal ganglia the ganglia associated with the cranial and spinal nerves. | | | Bidder's ganglia ganglia on the cardiac nerves, situated at the lower end of the atrial septum. | | | a small ganglion sometimes found on a dorsal cervical nerve root between the spinal ganglia and the spinal cord. |
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http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_g_02zPzhtm
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| | Ganglia - information on the cause and treatment |
| | The origin of ganglia is uncertain but they are probably caused by a breakdown of synovial tissue. | | | Ganglia are among the most common lumps to arise on the body. | | | If their cosmetic appearance is cause for concern or the ganglia are painful, they may be removed surgically in a simple operation. |
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http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/ganglia.html
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| | Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum |
| | The relationships between the nuclei of the basal ganglia are by no means completely understood. | | | The anatomy of these structures should be a review from the "coronal and horizontal sections" lab. | | | The balance between these two systems allows for smooth, coordinated movement, and a disturbance in either system will show up as movement disorders. |
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http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/cerebell.html
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| | MDVU - Pediatric Movement Disorders - Anatomy and Physiology: Basal Ganglia |
| | It is important to recognize that this is an extremely oversimplified view of the anatomy and function of the basal ganglia. | | | There are theories that attempt to explain the function of the basal ganglia. | | | In particular, a desired pattern of muscle activity is selected based on the child's current goals as well as the sensory information that relates to the current state of the child's environment. |
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http://www.mdvu.org/library/pediatric/anatomy/ana_bg.html
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| | basal ganglia.html |
| | These functional circuits provide a conceptual framework for relating subregions of the basal ganglia to specific aspects of behavior, much as cytoarchitecturally defined cortical areas are defined. | | | CONCLUSIONS Balanced opposition in the cortically driven activity of striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways is proposed to underlie the complex manner in which the basal ganglia affect behavior. | | | That memory, motivational, and emotional aspects of movement behavior are affected by this neural system is related to the fact that the striatum, which is the principal component of the basal ganglia, receives inputs from virtually all cortical areas (Carman et al 1965, Kemp and Powell 1970). |
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http://www.unifr.ch/biochem/DREYER/BG.html
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| | basal |
| | The [basal ganglia's] putamen is mainly connected to the premotor and motor cortex and overactivity [i.e., oversupply of dopamine] in this pathway is thought to account for the physical tics in Tourette's syndrome" (Carter 1998:67). | | | Less skilled, e.g., than the neocortex's primary motor area, the basal ganglia control basic movements such as the human arm-swing. | | | In early reptiles, the basal ganglia's archistriatum (i.e., the "most ancient" striatum, or amygdala) and paleostriatum (i.e., the [merely] "ancient" striatum, or globus pallidus) evolved to show identity, power, and submission through programmed movements and postural displays (see ANTIGRAVITY SIGN, CROUCH). |
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http://members.aol.com/nonverbal2/basal.htm
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| | Basal ganglia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Two pathways through the basal ganglia could then be followed. | | | It is also likely that not all the pathways and loops of connectivity have been determined. | | | The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor and learning functions. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia
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| | Comp-neuro on neuroinf.org: Basal Ganglia Workshop CNS04 |
| | who use theoretical methods to study various aspects of basal ganglia physiology. | | | aspects of basal ganglia function: reinforcement learning, motor (and cognitive) program control, | | | The aim of this workshop is to bring together researchers |
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http://www.neuroinf.org/lists/comp-neuro/2004/0088.shtml
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| | Jarvis Lab -- Vocal Basal Ganglia |
| | We are interested in the role of this pathway and the basal ganglia in learned vocal communication. | | | Lesions in the anterior pathway lead to changes in song development in juveniles or in adults during new singing seasons. | | | The anterior vocal pathway, a forebrain-basal ganglia loop, is important for the development and learning of song in birds and shows differential gene expression based on social context. |
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http://www.jarvislab.net/BasalGanglia.html
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| | Ganglion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | There are two major groups of ganglia: spinal ganglia and autonomic ganglia. | | | Within the central nervous system such a mass is often called a nucleus. | | | The former contains the cell bodies of sensory nerves and the latter contains the cell bodies of autonomic nerves. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion
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| | Basal ganglia definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | Basal ganglia: A region consisting of 3 clusters of neurons (called the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the globus pallidus) located at the base of the brain that are responsible for involuntary movements such as tremors, athetosis, and chorea. | | | The basal ganglia are abnormal in a number of important neurologic conditions including Parkinson disease and Huntington disease. | | | The term "basal ganglia" refers to the fact that this region is in the "basement" of the brain. |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10030
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| | Ganglia: Hand Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition |
| | However, if they are unsightly, cause discomfort, or continue to increase in size, the gelatinous material inside them can (in 50% of people) be removed successfully by a doctor using a needle and a syringe. | | | After surgical removal, ganglia recur in about 5% of people. | | | Some ganglia disappear on their own, so treatment may not be necessary. |
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http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec05/ch071/ch071b.html
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| | DBS: The Basal Ganglia |
| | Inhibiting muscle tone throughout the body (proper muscle tone is normally maintained through a balance of excitatory and inihibtory inputs to the neurons that inervate skeletal muscle). | | | Compare the basal ganglia’s functions with the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. | | | BI 108 : Deep Brain Stimulation : The Basal Ganglia |
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http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2003_Groups/Deep_Brain_Stimulation/basalganglia.html
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| | Basal Ganglia Research Group |
| | Our research involves the use of a variety of anatomical and physiological techniques to investigate the function of a group of areas in the brain collectively called the Basal Ganglia. | | | Dysfunction of the basal ganglia contributes to disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. | | | Anatomy and Structural Biology > Basal Ganglia Research Group |
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http://anatomy.otago.ac.nz/basal_ganglia_research
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| | A Brief History of the Basal Ganglia |
| | It held such a central position, striped with a wide range of cortical and brainstem fibers, that at the time it was believed to be the "sensorium commune" as defined by Aristotle. | | | The term "basal ganglia" has been generally used to refer to these major anatomical telencephalic subcortical nuclei at the base of the forebrain. | | | To find out more about the basal ganglia follow the research link above. |
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http://anc.ed.ac.uk/~anaru/research/history
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| | Neuropathology Mini-Course |
| | The student should review the anatomy of these structures. | | | Within the brain, the basal ganglia (lenticular nuclei) is affected and this, plus liver involvement, give the disease its other name, hepatolenticular degeneration. | | | The neurologic deterioration (rigidity and tremor) appears to be based primarily on damage to the brain which is unrelated to the liver disease, though liver failure from other forms of cirrhosis is often associated with global cerebral dysfunction. |
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http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/WirSelfInst/BASALGANG.html
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| | Differential vulnerability of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex to long-term NMDA excitotoxicity. |
| | In human brain, nonartherosclerotic calcification is associated with normal aging and several pathological conditions without any clear significance. | | | Differential vulnerability of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex to long-term NMDA excitotoxicity. | | | In all situations, calcification appears predominantly in the basal ganglia, but is also frequent in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_10686087.html
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| | Human Sympathetic Nervous System |
| | ERVICAL spinal nerves do not have white rami, but they do have grey rami and there are cervical ganglia. | | | All cervical synapsis occurs in the three cervical ganglia; these have visceral rami do not contain presynaptic axons -- there are no cervical colateral ganglia. | | | Keep in mind that these presynaptic axons may send axon colaterals to several ganglia to magnify their effect. |
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http://sky.bsd.uchicago.edu/lcy_ref/synap/sympathetic.html
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| | Ganglia Monitoring System |
| | Moreover, you can specify as many unicast and multicast channels as you like. | | | Ganglia Monitoring System is proudly powered by WordPress | | | of Ganglia 3.0.0 (Kittyhawk) which is available for immediate |
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http://www.ganglia.info
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| | Basal GangliaBasal Ganglia |
| | Basal Ganglia: New Therapeutic Approaches to Parkinson’s Disease (1996) Graybiel AM, Current Biology, 4:368-371 | | | The Basal Ganglia and Cognitive Pattern Generators [Review] (1997) Graybiel AM, Schizophr Bull, 23(3): 459-69 | | | Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia, Houk, Davis and Beiser (there are several relevant chapters in this book) |
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http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/HomePage/Class/Psy341K/Alcantara/341K_ReadingList.html
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| | AllRefer Health - Basal Ganglia Dysfunction |
| | You are here : AllRefer.com > Health > Diseases and Conditions > Basal Ganglia Dysfunction | | | Basal ganglia dysfunction involves dysfunction of the basal ganglia, a brain region involved in motor control and movement. | | | Numerous brain disorders can cause basal ganglia dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, Wilson disease, and dystonia. |
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http://health.allrefer.com/health/basal-ganglia-dysfunction-info.html
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| | BUSM Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology |
| | Soghomonian's laboratory is interested in the functional and molecular neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia and the patho-physiology of Parkinson's disease and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. | | | Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, which is caused by the loss of a specific population of dopamine neurons in the brain. | | | This abnormal signaling is triggered by the lack of normal dopaminergic tone. |
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http://www.bu.edu/dbin/anatneuro/research/basal_ganglia/overview.php
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| | Basal ganglia - definition of Basal ganglia in Encyclopedia |
| | The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor coordination. | | | The basal ganglia are located deep within the brain, under the cortical white matter and consist of: the caudate nucleus, the putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. | | | The term "basal ganglia" is a misnomer since the term ganglion is usually used to denote groups of neurons outside the central nervous system, while nucleus is used for those within the CNS. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Basal_ganglia
(218 words)
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| | Ganglia |
| | Ganglia is a scalable distributed monitoring system for high-performance computing systems such as clusters and Grids. | | | If you have problems with ganglia this is a core issue. | | | The behavior of the Ganglia Meta Daemon is completely controlled by a single configuration file which is by default |
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http://ganglia.sourceforge.net/docs/ganglia.html
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| | basal ganglia - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Phrases that include basal ganglia: basal ganglia calcification, basal ganglia dysfunction | | | Basal ganglia, Ganglia, basal : MedTerms.com Medical Dictionary [home, info] | | | basal ganglia : A Glossary of Psychological Terms [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=basal+ganglia&ls=a
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| | Foot Ganglia |
| | About 4% of ganglia occur in the feet (Potter, 1992), and perhaps this explains why there is relatively limited literature written on the subject of foot ganglia. | | | Most commonly identified on the dorsum of the wrist, ganglia are the most frequently encountered tumour-like lesion found on the dorsum of the ankle or foot, often associated with tendon sheaths and possibly communicating with the nearest joint capsule (Jaffe and Jones, 1994). |
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http://www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au/encyclopedia/foot_ganglia
(113 words)
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| | Penn State Faculty Research Expertise Database (FRED) |
| | Infarction, hemorrhage, ischemia, or hypoxia of any component of the BASAL GANGLIA of the brain. | | | Hemorrhages in this region are associated with hypertension, but may also result from the rupture of vascular malformations. | | | Clinical manifestations may include involuntary or dyskinetic movements and hemiparesis (secondary to involvement of the INTERNAL CAPSULE). |
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http://fred.hmc.psu.edu/ds/retrieve/fred/meshdescriptor/D020144
(89 words)
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| | Insect Morphology and Anatomy |
| | The ganglia function to co-ordinate the activities of the body segment they represent. | | | In the most basic design there are usually 3 thoracic ganglia and 8 abdominal ganglia but in most of the higher insects some of abdominal ganglia have been lost, or become fused with those nearer the head. | | | In the cockroach Blatta orientalis there are 3 thoracic and only 6 abdominal ganglia and in the hornet Vespa crabro there are only 2 thoracic ganglia and 3 abdominal ganglia, the yhind most of which is very mich larger than the other two because it is made up of a number of ganglia fused together. |
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http://www.earthlife.net/insects/anatomy.html
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| | The Basal Ganglia |
| | They are now recoginzed as playing a role in certain cognitive and emotional activities that are believed to involve the amygdaloid complex. | | | In recent years, however, some nonmotor functions have been ascribed to the basal ganglia. | | | Since it has no role in motor control it has traditionally been excluded from further discussion when considering the basal ganglia. |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/amygjb.htm
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| | Ganglia |
| | Once the diagnosis is made and the patient is reassured that the mass isn't cancer or something else which requires immediate attention, the patient may wish to just watch and wait. | | | 3) Treatment options: There are three main treatment options for ganglia. | | | It is important to discuss the different treatment options with your physician if you are diagnosed as having a ganglion cyst. |
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http://www.med.und.nodak.edu/users/jwhiting/gangtx.html
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| | The Basal Ganglia |
| | This is probably one way in which the basal ganglia | | | The basal ganglia refer to those structures when damaged cause | | | Patients whose rigidity is not pronounced can nevertheless have great difficulty moving. |
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http://www.geocities.com/medinotes/basal_ganglia.htm
(553 words)
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| | Basal Ganglia and Related Structures |
| | Increased thalamic inhibition has also been attributed to excessive excitatory drive from the subthalamic nucleus to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia GPi and SNr) because lesions of the subthalamic nucleus ameliorate some of the motor disturbances (tremor, rigidity, akinesia, bradykinesia) in Parkinsonism (see Treatment). | | | This reduces drive to the motor cortex and results in the reduced motor behavior (hypokinetic signs). |
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http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/anatomy/pdjb.htm
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| | fig003rbc: Basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson’s disease |
| | In addition, other structures such as the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) receive an abnormal input from the basal ganglia, which contribute to some of the clinical signs, such as gait disturbance. | | | Thus, increased activity in the output nuclei leads to increased inhibition on the glutamatergic excitation of the motor cortex and a subsequent reduction in movement, observed in patients as bradykinesia. | | | These changes in the PD brain are shown here by the differing thickness of arrows, which represents the relative degree of activation in each projection. |
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http://www-ermm.cbcu.cam.ac.uk/03006033h.htm
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| | Ganglia MDS Information Provider |
| | The Ganglia information provider is available as part of the Ganglia Python client, Version 2.3.0. | | | An information provider program is available to take aggregate cluster information from Ganglia and publish it into MDS 2.2. | | | To configure MDS to use the Ganglia provider, add the following block to your grid-info-resource-ldif.conf configuration file: |
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http://www-fp.globus.org/mds/gangliaprovider.html
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