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| | THE BACTERIAL FLAGELLUM: STILL SPINNING JUST FINE |
 | | As John Bracht (2003) points out: "The problem is that the proteins which are to become the flagellum are coming from systems that are distinctly non-flagellar in nature (after all, we are discussing the origin of that very system) and being co-modified from their original molecular interactions into an entirely new set of molecular interactions. | | | But if the TTSS evolved from the flagellum, then all we've done is explain the simpler in terms of the more complex. | | | My point, rather, was to sketch out some probabilistic techniques that could then be applied by biologists to the stochastic formation of the flagellum. |
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http://www.designinference.com/documents/2003.02.Miller_Response.htm
(6838 words)
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| | Flagellum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The archaeal flagellum is superficially similar to the bacterial (or eubacterial) flagellum; in the 1980s they were thought to be homologous on the basis of gross morphology and behavior (Cavalier-Smith, 1987). | | | Therefore many assume erroneously that there is only one basic kind of prokaryotic flagellum, and that archaeal flagella are homologous to it (e.g., Cavalier-Smith (2002), who is aware of the differences in archaeal and bacterial flagellins, but retains the misconception that the basal bodies are homologous). | | | The so-called "9+2"" structure is the characteritics of the core of the eukaryotic flugellum called an axoneme. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum
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| | Biology in the Subjunctive Mood: A Response to Nicholas Matzke |
| | But these systems as well as the changes they must undergo are left unspecified, and we have at this time no way to determine to what degree, if at all, they could be instantiated in biological reality. | | | As Matzke himself admits, thousands of research articles have been written about it, many of them trying simply to discover the role and function of its various components. | | | The key elements of Darwin's theory that underwrite Matzke's six-step model for the evolutionary origin of the bacterial flagellum are cooption, change of function, and natural selection. |
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http://www.designinference.com/documents/2003.11.Matzke_Response.htm
(3066 words)
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| | Sliding microtubules in flagella |
| | This spermatozoon was swimming freely, but the photographs have been repositioned to eliminate movement and rotation of the sperm head. | | | As the flagellum bends, the sliding between these doublet microtubules is demonstrated by the movement of the two beads. | | | Details of this type of experiment were published in Brokaw, C. (1991) Microtubule sliding in swimming sperm flagella: direct and indirect measurements on sea urchin and tunicate spermatozoa. |
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http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~brokawc/Demo1/BeadExpt.html
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| | Intelligent Design Topic: Is the flagellum complex? Computing the crucial probability. |
| | The awkward element is simply that he failed to deal with this fundamental question in any substantive way. | | | In fact, he would have to scrap his original calculation regarding the flagellum as a dco and develop an entirely new genetic approach to computing the probability that the flagellum was formed naturally. | | | ID presumes to be an essential feature of the Darwinian mechanism, he also effectively ignores the fundamental role that genes play in providing the instructions for the development of cellular structures. |
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http://www.counterbalance.net/id-hvt/isthe1-body.html
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| | Answering the Biochemical Argument from Design |
| | Given these facts, what is one to make of the core argument of biochemical design – namely, that the parts of an irreducibly complex structure have no functions on their own? | | | If the biochemical argument from design is a scientific hypothesis, as its proponents claim, then it should make specific predictions which are testable in scientific terms. | | | Wooley (1997) "Studies on the eel sperm flagellum," J. Cell Science 110: 85-94. |
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http://www.millerandlevine.com/km/evol/design1/article.html
(4587 words)
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| | What the Heck is a Bacterium's "Tail"? |
| | In a moment, I'll talk more about this ability to be motile in relation to the process called chemotaxis, nutrient acquistion, etc., but first I want to talk some about just what a flagellum actually is. | | | The location of the flagellum or flagella can also be distinctive. | | | In this case, energy from the Proton Motive Force is used for flagellum rotation instead of for the synthesis of ATP - which simply means a net loss of potential ATP available for other processes - therefore - the use of ATP. |
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http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/flagel.html
(1796 words)
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| | THE NEGLECTED FLAGELLUM |
| | Depending on one’s expectations concerning evolutionary explanations, the challenge posed by the IC flagellum will be assessed differently. | | | Furthermore, it is also becoming clear that some of the dyneins are not directly involved in motility, but rather in the assembly of the flagellum. | | | While the bacterial flagellum has indeed become a focal point in the debates concerning design, Behe focused most of his attention on the eukaryotic flagellum. |
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http://www.idthink.net/biot/eflag
(2730 words)
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| | Evolution of the bacterial flagellum |
| | could not detect PrgJ in sheared-off needles and did not detect it at needle tips using immunoelectron microscopy (they therefore suggest that PrgJ may be a basal component). The polar flagellum of Vibrio grows normally without the cap (Bardy et al. | | | ATP synthetase and the flagellum is further suggested by homology between the flagellar ATPase FliI and the β subunit of F | | | Prokaryotes undoubtedly have additional motility systems that have not yet been discovered. Only one eukaryote system, the cilium or eukaryotic flagellum, is included in the table, because it is often confused with the prokaryote systems even though it is totally distinct. Many other eukaryote motility systems, not relevant here, are not listed. |
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http://www.talkdesign.org/faqs/flagellum.html
(7839 words)
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| | Reader background for flagellum evolution article |
| | The Bacterial Flagellum: A Response to Ursula Goodenough (2002) | | | However, the ID movement's favorite example of irreducible complexity, the bacterial flagellum, has not received similar treatment. | | | With blood-clotting and the immune system, homologs of many of the proteins have been well-known for decades. |
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http://www.talkdesign.org/faqs/flagellum_background.html
(1083 words)
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| | Evolving the Bacterial Flagellum Through Mutation and Cooption: Part V |
| | A family of related proteins in the flagellar basal body of Salmonella typhimurium. | | | If we are to take the EFM hypothesis seriously, we should consider it in light of what we know about the Ur-IC flagellum and map the three basic components of the story to the players that did in fact come into existence. | | | This, in turn, indicates that FliE function is flagellum-specific. |
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http://www.idthink.net/biot/flag5/index.html
(4645 words)
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| | Physics Today On The Web - Cover Story |
| | For example, there are about 5000 molecules of FliC (also called flagellin) per helical turn of the filament, which can have as many as six turns. | | | The flagellum is an organelle that has three parts (as figure 2 shows). | | | The flagellum is assembled from the inside out, with the axial components exported through a central channel. |
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http://www.aip.org/pt/jan00/berg.htm
(4402 words)
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| | Flagellum essay comments - EvoWiki |
| | Evolving the Bacterial Flagellum (http://www.iscid.org/boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000437.html) (Dembski's reply and responses on ISCID; Dembski's formal response is "Biology in the Subjunctive Mood (http://www.designinference.com/documents/2003.11.Matzke_Response.htm)") | | | Evolving a flagellum (http://www.iscid.org/boards/ubb-get_topic-f-18-t-000024.html) (posted in the ISCID literature forum). | | | Leave your name, handle, etc. as you see fit. |
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http://wiki.cotch.net/wiki.phtml?title=Flagellum_essay_comments
(328 words)
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| | Bacterial Motility |
| | Spirochaetes are helical bacteria which have a specialized internal structure known as the axial filament which is responsible for rotation of the cell in a spiral fashion and consequent locomotion (e.g. | | | Motion can be achieved by one of three mechanisms: | | | In some bacteria, there is only a single flagellum - such cells are called monotrichous. |
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http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/video/motility.html
(1103 words)
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| | Flagellum crossection |
| | The flagellum is attached to the cell body via uncharacterized structure | | | This is an idealized depiction of a cross section through the flagellum (looking from posterior to anterior). | | | that link the PFR and the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament |
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http://www.biochem.uiowa.edu/donelson/flagellum_crossection.htm
(183 words)
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| | Masticophis flagellum ruddocki - San Joaquin Coachwhip |
| | Five or six subspecies of Masticophis flagellum are recognized. | | | flagellum - Latin - whip - refers to the body shape and braided look of tail | | | Masticophis - Greek - mastix - whip and ophis - snake - refers to the body shape and braided appearance of tail |
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http://www.californiaherps.com/snakes/pages/m.f.ruddocki.html
(509 words)
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| | Design in living organisms (motors) |
| | However the design in living organisms has far exceeded our most painstaking efforts. | | | The more parts needed for a machine, the harder it is to make it smaller. | | | This motor is only the size of a virus, thus far smaller than anything man-made. |
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http://answersingenesis.org/tj/v12/i1/motors.asp
(1182 words)
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| | Masticophis flagellum |
| | flagellum (Shaw, 1802)] is found in the eastern half of the Metroplex and the western coachwhip [ |
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http://www.kingsnake.com/dfw/checklist/snakes/masticophis_flagellum.htm
(67 words)
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| | Online 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica |
| | flagellum, a whip or scourge, but used in the Vulgate in the sense of " flail "; the word appears in Dutch vegel, Ger. | | | FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English) |
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http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/FLA_FRA/index.html
(594 words)
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