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| | Ancillary notes on Misc. Topics for VM 551, Small Animal Medicine I |
 | | Urine specific gravity in a patient on fluid therapy is usually in the isosthenuric range. | | | There are three major components to fluid therapy, including rehydration, which is the phase of fluid therapy in which the dehydrated animal’s fluid volume is returned to normal. | | | Because of its rigidity, it is not useful for long term fluid administration as the needle may lacerate the vein. |
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http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/courses_vm551_crd/notes/fluidrx_text.asp
(9414 words)
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| | DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID EXCHANGES IN THE BURN PATIENT DURING CONTINUOUS ARTERIOVENOUS HAEMOFILTRATION |
| | Owing to the need to maintain, on an hourly basis, a fluid balance that prevents the risk of hypovolaemia, it is necessary to monitor patients subjected to CAVE The strategy to be followed will vary according to the pathology of each individual patient. | | | Between February 1992 and February 1994 eight patients admitted to the Burn Unit in our Hospital required, CAVE The indications for CAVH treatment were fluid overload and/or acute renal failure, with refractory responses to conventional therapy, in critical bum patients. | | | We have not observed any related to the treatment. |
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http://www.medbc.com/annals/review/vol_9/num_1/text/vol9n1p23.htm
(2278 words)
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| | Adult Health Deviations Chap 13 |
| | To maintain internal balance the body must be able to regulate the fluids within it. | | | The aging kidney is slower to adjust to changes in the acid-base, fluid and | | | Ninety nine percent of the body’s calcium is concentrated in the |
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http://www.mindspring.com/~cy69/adult_health_deviations_chap_13.htm
(2355 words)
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| | FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY |
| | In selecting a fluid, it is important to know which electrolytes are lost and to institute replacement therapy based on knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease. | | | A 22-lb (10 kg) dog is assessed to be 7% dehydrated. | | | A 22-lb (10 kg) dog is assessed to be 7% dehydrated and has been vomiting. |
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http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/clinsci/wing/fluids/fluids.htm
(2167 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Understanding the concept of osmotic pressures will alert us to whether the correct fluid is being used and to understand why, at times, the patient is not responding as would be expected. | | | And such small fragile peripheral blood vessels are subject to rupture, which can lead to subsequent infiltration. | | | This can lead to implementation of Intravenous therapy. |
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http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/telemedicine/ner/IV_Therapy.doc
(2816 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | During infancy, problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are common, due to large-scale changes in PCO2. | | | Total body water is a function of age, body mass, and body fat. | | | Sodium is the most important cation to regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the body due to its abundance and osmotic pressure. |
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http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_marieb_ap_slim/lec_outlines/Ch25_Outline.doc
(1589 words)
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| | extracellular fluid -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Scientific journal publishing research material concerned with the development of new measuring techniques and with their extension and improvement, for the measurement of flow properties necessary for the better understanding of fluid mechanics. | | | Overview of this Australian publication focusing on scientific research in this field of classical physics, which studies the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them. | | | It is found in blood, in lymph, in body cavities lined with serous (moisture-exuding) membrane, in the cavities and channels of the brain and spinal cord, and in muscular and other body tissues. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9033466?tocId=9033466
(797 words)
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| | Fluid & Electrolytes - Tyler Junior College |
| | what could you do to help a patient drink more fluids | | | what could you do to help the patient on fluid restriction? | | | Check vital signs -report a narrowing pulse pressure, |
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http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/nursing/PatriciaCryer/fluid__electrolytes.htm
(2383 words)
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| | Chapter 27 |
| | An imbalance between the intracellular and interstitial fluids may result from a change in osmolarity, as a result of a change in the concentration of Na Electrolytes serve four general functions in body fluids. | | | The overall acid-base balance of the body is maintained by controlling the H | | | Dehydration stimulates fluid intake by triggering thirst sensations; one mechanism for stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus is the renin-angiotensin II pathway, which responds to decreased blood volume. |
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http://www.bakeru.edu/faculty/chenry/bi246L23.htm
(850 words)
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| | Fluid, Electrolyte, and pH Balance (chapter 21) |
| | For example, Na is in high concentration in the extracellular fluid. | | | Sodium and Potassium imbalances: Normally have high extracellular Na | | | Water intoxication: a condition in which the extracellular fluid becomes hypotonic. |
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http://www.dacc.cc.il.us/~lgarrett/fluid.html
(2146 words)
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| | ACVC 2001 - Fluid Therapy for the Companion Animal |
| | An example of the use of ins and outs would be when a 60lb canine mix came in with chronic renal failure and needs diuresing. | | | Monitoring total protein and albumin levels is critical in fluid therapy for all patients receiving fluids. | | | ACVC 2001 - Fluid Therapy for the Companion Animal |
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http://www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00448.htm
(1474 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The basic principle here is that a higher concentration of solute in the extracellular fluid means that there is a higher osmotic pressure. | | | This causes an increase in capillary pressure and therefore capillary filtration. | | | High extracellular fluid osmolarity Identify major routes and normal ranges for water intake and loss, and predict how changes in intake and loss affect the distribution of total body water. |
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http://www.muhealth.org/~md2006/block2/10.23.02-composition_&_distribution_of_body_fluids.doc
(1211 words)
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| | VIII. Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume |
| | In which subject is proximal tubular fluid reabsorption likely to be depressed because of the pressure changes in the peritubular capillaries? | | | From the rigidity and the pressure of the fluid we may account for his pissing more than he drank. | | | In which subject is it likely that urine flow rate is reduced by a combination of depressed GFR and stimulation of salt and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule? |
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http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/eight/8_5.htm
(985 words)
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| | EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME HOMEOSTASIS |
| | Sodium depletion means extracellular volume depletion and reduced effective circulatory volume. | | | Exactly what is sensed by these receptors is not completely defined. | | | Edema is generated by an alteration in the physical forces described by Starling that determine the movement of fluid across the capillary endothelium. |
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http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/internalmed/nephro/webpages/Part_C.htm
(3805 words)
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| | Extracellular Fluid Volume Disturbances |
| | Diuretics to remove excess Na+ may also be prescribed | | | Teach elderly patients to drink fluids regularly, as thirst sensation often decreases with aging | | | Teach patients to replace body fluid losses with fruit juice or bouillon rather than water |
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http://www.austin.cc.tx.us/adnlev2/rnsg1443online/fluid_electrolytes_acid_base/summary_tables.htm
(649 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Intracellular fluid is approximately two-thirds of the total body water. | | | Which one of the following statements is true concerning fluid compartments in the body. | | | Total body water is equally divided among all the fluid compartments. |
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http://physio1.utmem.edu/~thomason/quizzes
(794 words)
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| | Houston CC: Anatomy & Physiology Chapter Quiz |
| | Approximately 90-95% of the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid is caused by and the negative ions associated with them. | | | occurs when the pH of the body fluids is less than 7.35. | | | Loss of a large volume of sweat results in the body fluids becoming __________ which causes __________ in plasma volume. |
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http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/bb72351136/student_view0/chapter27/chapter_quiz.html
(538 words)
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| | ECF (extracellular fluid) |
| | About 20 percent of body weight is ECF: 5 percent is plasma, and 15 percent is interstitial fluid. | | | ECF is the abbreviation often used to indicate extracellular fluid. | | | It is the volume of body fluid exclusive of that in the cells (intracellular fluid, ICF). |
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http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Biologie/E/03.html
(61 words)
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| | HOW IS EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME SENSED AND REGULATED |
| | Results from our laboratory in humans using water immersion to stimulate renal output of sodium and fluid indicate that some degree of hemodilution is a necessity for the renal responses to occur. | | | In addition, numerous possible mediators of renal sodium and water handling have been identified, where the quantitative importance of each has not yet been determined: Natriuretic peptides, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renal sympathetic nervous activity, arginine vasopressin, renal dopamine, prostaglandines etc. | | | 4: 85-90, 1956), where a relationship between distension of the left atrium and renal output of fluid was established in dogs. |
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http://www.lf2.cuni.cz/physiolres/feps/norsk.htm
(261 words)
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| | VIII. Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume |
| | It is not surprising, therefore, that the control of ECF fluid volume, in marked contrast to control of the ECF osmotic concentration, is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms, many of which are poorly understood. | | | It is customary to speak of control of extracellular fluid volume, but it is apparent that many of the various mechanisms are triggered by factors related to the volume of the vascular compartment. | | | The extracellular fluid compartment is a complex entity composed not only of two major divisions, the vascular and the interstitial fluid compartments, but also of several subdivisions of these, each with differing characteristics. |
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http://www2.kumc.edu/ki/physiology/course/eight/8_1.htm
(691 words)
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| | Extracellular fluid |
| | The fluid found outside of the cell or cells and between the cells in a tissue. |
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http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Biologie/E/238.html
(16 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Vibrio cholerae: A disease that causes profuse diarrhea caused by bacteria that releases toxins. | | | Chloride Channels: Cystic fibrosis: A disease that involves production of a thick mucus in respiratory system and pancreatic ducts, etc. There is a flawed gene that codes for protein of Cl- channels so a thick mucus is produced. | | | These toxins interact with a G protein that regulates secretion of fluid into intestine. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/~childd1/SI/Section_I.doc
(1250 words)
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| | C.Dallemagne's Teaching Materials |
| | Sodium is mainly found in extracellular fluids, at a concentration of around 140-145 mmol/L; sodium is a cation (positive charge), chloride, an anion (negative charge), accompanies sodium. | | | The location of sodium in the extracellular fluid means that total body sodium is tightly linked to extracellular fluid: the more total body sodium, the greater the extracellular fluid volume (keep sodium concentration constant, at around 145mmol/L). | | | The tight connection between sodium and extracellular fluid volume means a close relationship between sodium and blood volume. |
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http://www.life.sci.qut.edu.au/dallemagne/182renaltut3answers.htm
(538 words)
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| | Definition: Extracellular fluid Med Terms Med School Chat |
| | Extracellular fluid is the fluid which is inside the body, but outside the cells that are within the body. | | | MSC Community - CHAT with Doctors, Pre-Med and Med Students. |
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http://www.medschoolchat.com/MED-Terms-term-id2770.html
(83 words)
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| | Kidney |
| | Angiotensin ii stimulates release of aldosterone which increases sodium absorption and extracellular volume. | | | 2/3 intracellular fluid (28 liters) and 1/3 extracellular fluid (14 liters) | | | Water is freely permeable between intracellular extracellular compartments. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/mech/cases/case24/kidney.htm
(396 words)
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| | Disruption of Brain White Matter Microstructure by Excessive Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid in Alcoholism: ... |
| | These results suggest that decreased orientational coherence of brain white matter in alcoholism is attributable, at least in part, to the accumulation of intracellular and extracellular fluid in excess of that occurring in aging, and that the differential influence of these fluid compartments can vary across brain regions. | | | Multiple regression analyses examining diffusivity and age as predictors of FA identified diffusivity as a significant unique contributor to FA in both regions. | | | Disruption of Brain White Matter Microstructure by Excessive Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid in Alcoholism: Evidence from Diffusion Tensor Imaging |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v30/n2/abs/1300623a.html
(296 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | H+ + HCO3- d) H+ is pumped into filtrate, while bicarbonate enters extracellular fluid (binds free H+ ions there) e) result: increased pH of extracellular fluid f) In the filtrate, H+ combines with bicarbonate, forming carbonic acid, which dissociates to form CO2 and H2O. |
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http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/plapolt/lect27.txt
(287 words)
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