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| | Illness Encyclopaedia E - Epidural Anaesthesia |
 | | Epidural anaesthesia is popular for women giving birth because, although highly effective in the relief of pain, it has no effect on the contractions of the uterus or on the respiratory centre of the baby. | | | Epidural anaesthesia is also generally safer than a spinal anaesthetic in which the drug is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord. | | | Epidural anaesthesia is a method of obtaining total loss of pain sensation while in no way affecting the consciousness of the patient |
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http://www.britain.tv/health_illness_encyclopaedia_e_epiduralanaest.shtml
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| | epidural anaesthesia - definition of epidural anaesthesia in Encyclopedia |
| | Less common in labor is spinal anaesthesia in which a much smaller needle (26G or 27G) is advanced slightly further to penetrate the dura and allow a rapid achievement of analgesia or anaesthesia depending on the dose given. | | | The epidural space is a part of the human spine which is very close to the spinal cord, lying just outside the dura mater. | | | Epidural analgesia is similar to epidural anesthesia but uses lower concentrations of local anesthetic drugs to remove most, but not necessarily all, pain. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/epidural_anaesthesia
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| | Medical Risks of Epidural Anesthesia During Childbirth |
| | Bleeding in the pelvis and increased incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. | | | The epidural is generally inadequate 7.1% of the time leading to supplementation with intravenous pain medication 4.0% of the time and a general anesthetic 3.1% of the time (in one study). | | | Based on our data, we suggest that epidural analgesia as practiced at our institution, is associated with a decrease in cesarean section rate in nulliparous patients. |
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http://www.healing-arts.org/mehl-madrona/mmepidural.htm
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| | Epidural anaesthesia |
| | Epidural anaesthesia is the term used to describe the blocking of nerve routes from the spinal cord with a local anaesthetic or painkilling medication. | | | Epidural anaesthesia has been used for many years, and is a safe and reliable technique. | | | In recent years, epidurals have been used in surgical operations to prevent post-operative pain and to reduce complications such as chest infections and blood clots in the legs. |
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http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/epidural.htm
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| | Obstetric care. Is there risk of pressure damage after epidural anaesthesia? |
| | Epidural anaesthesia used to control pain in childbirth causes loss of sensation and a degree of motor block, which removes the women's reflexes and ability to reposition to prevent pressure damage. | | | Changes in obstetric care such as epidural anaesthesia (for better pain management), improved manual handling policies (to protect health care workers) and technological developments such as feotal monitoring, all have their individual benefits but collectively and interactively, they have resulted in an increase in the potential for pressure ulcers in healthy women. | | | Malone [2] expresses the opinion that women in labour are at increased risk of developing pressure sores due to changes in obstetric practices, shortages of midwives, and increased invasive monitoring. |
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http://www.worldwidewounds.com/2001/september/Hughes/Obstetric-Care-and-Pressure-Damage.html
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| | Epidural - anaesthetic injection for pain relief in labour |
| | Sometimes after the epidural anaesthetic is given, the drug does not spread equally around the spinal cord, meaning that one half of the body is better anaesthetised that the other. | | | Epidurals are also used for pain relief during childbirth. | | | The alternative to epidural anaesthesia during surgery is usually a general anaesthetic. |
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http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/mosby_factsheets/epidural.html
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| | SAS - Our Brochures |
| | As with epidurals in childbirth both epidural and spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section have a risk of causing a spinal headache. | | | Most general anaesthesia involves insertion of an intravenous needle and administration of intravenous drugs to induce anaesthesia and provide pain relief. | | | The chance of a severe spinal headache is similar with both Spinal and Epidural Anaesthesia and is approximately 1 in 200. |
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http://www.sas.net.au/brochures.html
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| | Anaesthetics : Epidural - Anaesthesia & You |
| | Anaesthesia is the absence of pain sensation in either all or part of the body. | | | Occasionally the epidural needle is inserted a little further than intended, causing a "lumbar puncture" or small leak of the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. | | | With the epidural needle in place, a fine plastic tubing can then be passed through the needle. |
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http://www.rwh.org.au/rwhanaes/whatis.cfm?doc_id=3417
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| | Patients' Guide to Local and Regional Anaesthesia |
| | Regional anaesthesia means blocking the nerve supply to part of the body, such as an arm, so the patient cannot feel pain in that area. | | | Sometimes local or regional anaesthesia is used in addition to a general anaesthetic (i.e., in patients who are asleep during surgery). | | | Many patients, and even some physicians, automatically assume that surgery requires general anaesthesia, and that the patient should be asleep during surgery. |
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http://www.oyston.com/anaes/local.html
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| | eMJA: Epidural block and outcome after major surgery |
| | Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia may be a preferable technique in such patients,1 as epidural block can attenuate the neurohumoral stress response to surgery,2 potentially improving postoperative cardiorespiratory function and reducing complications. | | | One should take into account the risk of an epidural haematoma when an epidural or spinal needle is placed, particularly in a patient receiving anticoagulation therapy (eg, perioperative thromboprophylaxis). | | | Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. |
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http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/177_10_181102/myl10383_fm.html
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| | Epidural Risks |
| | An epidural may necessitate a C-section by relaxing the pelvic muscles so much that a woman is unable to push properly during labor, the researchers noted in the study, published in the December issue of the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology. | | | I haven't seen the outrage against epidurals like was heard in the 70's about other drugs in childbirth, perhaps because so many want a totally pain-free experience. | | | The anesthesiologist (the mom/doctor wanted the MD rather than the nurse-anesthetists who do most of the epidurals in this facility) set the epidural pump at the wrong rate (by a factor of 10), the anesthesia level quickly ascended and the mom/doctor went into respiratory arrest. |
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http://www.gentlebirth.org/archives/epirisks.html
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| | Epidural Anaesthesia (page 1) |
| | Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique with many applications. | | | Insertion of the epidural needle through an area of skin infection may introduce pathogenic bacteria into the epidural space, leading to serious complications such as meningitis or epidural abscess. | | | Epidural analgesia allows earlier mobilization, reduces the risk of deep venous thrombosis, and allows better cooperation with chest physiotherapy, preventing chest infections. |
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http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u13/u1311_01.htm
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| | Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Is epidural anaesthesia acceptable at total hip arthroplasty? |
| | Our anaesthetic technique differed from that of Williams et al8 and Gedney and l.m in that we used the epidural only during surgery, and from that of Reiz et al10 and Walts et al9 in that fentanyl rather than morphine was used and the opiate was given before rather than at the end of surgery. | | | A comparison of bupivacaine and tetracaine in epidural analgesia for surgery. | | | Four patients with pre-operative indwelling urinary catheters were excluded from the study, leaving 173. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200411/ai_n9469387
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| | Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia (page 1) |
| | Anaesthesia can be provided for superficial operations such as skin grafting, perineal procedures, and lower limb surgery. | | | The sacrum is a triangular bone that consists of the five fused sacral vertebrae (S1- S5). | | | Paediatric patients do not generally tolerate surgery under regional anaesthesia alone. |
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http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u08/u08_011.htm
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| | A COMPARISON OF EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA WITH LIGNOCAINE, BUPIVACAINE AND MIXTURES |
| | The non-sedated dogs had to be firmly restrained in sternal position by an assistant for epidural puncture. | | | Onset of analgesia: time interval (in min) between epidural injection of drug to loss of pain response inflicted by a hemostat. | | | An empty 5ml syringe was attached to the needle and suction was then applied to confirm correct needle placement by inability to aspirate blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
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http://www.isrvma.org/article/56_3_2.htm
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| | Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section (Cochrane Review) |
| | Spinal anaesthesia has a shorter onset time, but treatment for hypotension is more likely if spinal anaesthesia is used. | | | No difference was found between spinal and epidural techniques with regards to failure rate (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.24; four studies), need for additional intraoperative analgesia (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.32; five studies), need for conversion to general anaesthesia intraoperatively, maternal satisfaction, need for postoperative pain relief and neonatal intervention. | | | Authors' conclusions: Both spinal and epidural techniques are shown to provide effective anaesthesia for caesarean section. |
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http://www.update-software.com/abstracts/AB003765.htm
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| | Epidural |
| | Epidural analgesia for postoperative pain control in children. | | | Conitnuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-fentanyl versus patient-controlled analgesia with IV morphine for postoperative pain relief after knee ligament surgery. | | | Randomized trial of epidural bupivacaine and morphine in prevention of stump and phantom pain in lower-limb amputation. |
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http://www.wisc.edu/trc/projects/pop/Epidural.html
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| | Epidural: spinal anaesthesia |
| | The epidural space lies between the outermost covering of the spinal cord and the vertebral canal formed by the spine bones. | | | The technique itself, usually performed by an anaesthetist, involves the introduction of a needle into the epidural space. | | | It is used increasingly to provide pain relief, or to reduce the need for deep general anaesthesia – to relax muscles – during |
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http://www.ivillage.co.uk/pregnancyandbaby/pregnancy/labour/articles/0,,13_163001,00.html
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| | Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery without intubation: view from the middle of ... |
| | Both awake/semi-awake thoracic epidural anaesthesia without intubation and ultra-fast-track general anaesthesia are currently state of the art approaches in less invasive cardiac anaesthesia to be seen as an vital part of less invasive cardiac surgery. | | | Thoracic epidural anesthesia for cardiac surgery via left anterior thoracotomy in the conscious patient. | | | Very early extubation (within 10 minutes after skin closure) proved to be suitable for the vast majority of OPCAB patients (>90%) [8]. |
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http://www.ctsnet.org/sections/innovation/beatingheart/articles/article-1.html
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| | Regional anaesthesia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Regional anaesthesia involves the introduction of (A substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic) drugs with the intention of blocking the nerve supply to a specific part of the body, such as a limb, so the patient cannot feel pain in that area when a surgical operation is performed. | | | Unlike (A state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)) general anaesthesia, the patient remains awake, resulting in reduced (Click link for more info and facts about side-effect) side-effects and enabling the surgeon to converse with the patient during the procedure. | | | Regional anaesthesia is now more common than general anaesthesia for (Click link for more info and facts about caesarian section) caesarian section procedures. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/r/re/regional_anaesthesia.htm
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| | Epidural Misadventures: QUIZ |
| | The incidence of epidural abscesses in patients with epidurals is: | | | Direct trauma to the spinal cord during epidural anaesthesia is common. | | | Vandermuelen studied 46 cases of spinal-epidural haematoma associated with epidural anaesthesia. |
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http://www.oyston.com/anaes/local/muirquiz.html
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| | Local anaesthesia |
| | Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. | | | Sympathetic outflow form spinal cord occurs between T1 and L2 Blocked to varying degrees in both spinal and epidural anaesthesia | | | The quality of the block is often better with a spinal |
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http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/core/preop1/loc_anaesthesia.htm
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| | CSE Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia |
| | A Sprotte spinal needle is inserted coaxially into an Epidural Special Sprotte or Tuohy and emerges through the lateral opening of the Epidural needle. | | | Combining an epidural needle with the Standard Sprotte | | | Featuring a Tuohy Epidural needle with rear outlet for passage of Sprotte Spinal needle. |
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http://www.dynamedical.com/pg2i.html
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| | Update in Anaesthesia Issue Index |
| | Anaesthesia for opthalmic surgery - part 1: Regional techniques | | | Anaesthesia for opthalmic surgery - part 2: General anaesthesia | | | Anaesthesia for the Patient Requiring Emergency Abdominal Surgery |
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http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/pages/up_issu.htm
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| | Anaesthesia |
| | that the concept of surgical anaesthesia was nearly ripe for the times. | | | Utopian surgery : the case against anaesthesia in surgery compared with modern arguments against abolishing emotional pain. | | | Research Excellence in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management The Centre for Anaesthesia includes the anaesthetic research and education |
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http://substance-abuse.allworldsites.com/q/substance-abuse-anaesthesia.htm
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| | Is epidural anaesthesia safe during childbirth? - Pregnancy/birth - DoctorNDTV |
| | Like most things in modern medicine epidural anaesthesia during labour (and now low spinal is in fashion) can be safe and effective and can be potentially hazardous. | | | Other side effects like sudden drop in blood pressure and hence a fetal distress should be manageable in a good centre. | | | To answer your questions pointedly, epidural significantly reduces labour pains in about 70% women during labour (it also means that it does not in 30%, and the decrease is not significant in some others). |
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http://www.doctorndtv.com/faq/detailfaq.asp?id=4209
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| | A new treatment of severe pre-eclampsia by long-term epidural anaesthesia |
| | All patients treated with a long-term epidural therapy continued their pregnancies for more than 3 weeks after admission. | | | A new treatment of severe pre-eclampsia by long-term epidural anaesthesia | | | Long-term epidural anaesthesia suppresses the sympathetic hyperactivity and thus improves pre-eclamptic condition which may open a new treatment in case of progressive severe pre-eclampsia. |
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http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/jhh/journal/v13/n3/abs/1000783a.html
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| | Epidural to subarachnoid space lekage after CSE |
| | Contrast epidurography studies which look at such leakage following the insertion of a catheter as part of a CSE anaesthetic using Tuohy epidural and pencil-point spinal needles (in cases where there is no clinical evidence of dural puncture by the Tuohy needle) are needed. | | | Collier (1) performed an epidurogram by injecting contrast into the epidural catheter of three patients who had had a CSE anaesthetic. | | | In one of these patients he documented a spread of contrast from the epidural into the subarachnoid space. |
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http://www.manbit.com/OA/C114.htm
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| | Department of Anaesthesia |
| | Teaching activities and clinical supervision of anaesthetic staff in training. | | | Anaesthetic services for general and vascular surgery, bronchoscopy, orthopaedics, urology, gynaecology, dental, ENT, with a high throughput of patients of paediatric age among all specialities. | | | A dedicated surgical area consisting of six operating theatres, all equipped with state of the art anaesthesia systems, a large Recovery Room and a 6 bedded ITU funded for 4 ITU and 2 HDU beds. |
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http://www.ealingas.demon.co.uk
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| | The Veterinary Surgery (Epidural Anaesthesia) Order 1992 |
| | The person administering epidural anaesthesia must be not less than 18 years and be in training on an approved course in the technique or must have completed such a course of training and be certificated. | | | Such a trainee can administer epidural anaesthesia only under the direct and continuous personal supervision of a qualified person. | | | Other persons who are certificated can perform the technique only on the instructions and under the authority of a team veterinarian. |
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http://www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1992/Uksi_19920696_en_1.htm
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| | FRACTIONAL EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA definition |
| | Insertion of a catheter into the lumbar or caudal epidural space for the repeated injection of local anaesthetic solutions as a means of prolonging duration of anaesthesia. |
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http://www.books.md/F/dic/fractionalepiduralanaesthesia.php
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| | Virtual Anaesthesia Textbook - Obstetric Anaesthesia |
| | - the clear consensus is that it is not increased by epidural analgesia, being just as common after non-epidural delivery. | | | Requires registration; articles on Heart Disease in Pregnancy ( | | | , notes on the epidural blood patch from |
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http://www.virtual-anaesthesia-textbook.com/vat/obvat.htm
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