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Topic: Endothelium


  
 Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
New molecular techniques have yielded a battery of potential therapies for many diseases, but the clinical fruits of these methods have not been as abundant, in part because in vitro models used for screening often do not duplicate in vivo conditions.
This laboratory utilizes our newly developed genomic and proteomic techniques for in vitro and in vivo analysis of the vascular endothelium in health and disease.
Our most recent project focuses on angiogenesis and the endothelium in disease, especially cancer.
http://www.skcc.org/schnitzer.html   (1969 words)

  
 Robert Furchgott
After the discovery that relaxation by EDRF is associated with a rise in cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle, we found that photorelaxation of arterial smooth muscle (using near UV radiation) is also associated with a rise in cGMP, which precedes the relaxation.
Furchgott, R. F., and Zawadzki, J. The obligatory role of the endothelium in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine.
Furchgott, R. Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle.
http://www.hscbklyn.edu/pharmacology/furch.htm   (856 words)

  
 Alterations of endothelium and smooth muscle function in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive arteries -- Ito ...
Increased vascular responsiveness in lungs of rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline pyrrole.
the endothelium in a condition closer to that in vivo, rats were
Increased relaxation by felodipine on pulmonary artery from rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension does not reflect functional impairment of the endothelium.
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/4/H1786   (4829 words)

  
 Mechanisms of Mitotic Inhibition in Corneal Endothelium: Contact Inhibition and TGF-{beta}2 -- Joyce et al. 43 (7): ...
in the endothelium of neonatal rat cornea by immunolocalization
kinetics of p27kip1 expression in neonatal rat corneal endothelium.
Sphere Therapy for Corneal Endothelium Deficiency in a Rabbit Model
http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/43/7/2152   (5838 words)

  
 The Cardiac Endothelium - Cardiovascular Physiology - MEDSTUDENTS
The endocardium endothelium (EE) is one of the most primitive strucuture in the human heart.
In one sudy, performed in this dog model described above, bosentan (endothelin receptor antagonist) improved LVF in a short-term basis and this drug could be proved useful in humans patients with heart failure.
Conversely, one study showed that ACE inhibitors, by supressing ET secretion, improved coronary function and the stabilization of cardiac rhythm after ischemia in rat hearts, suggesting the use of ET receptors antagonists as an antiarrhythmic drug.
http://www.medstudents.com.br/basic/cardfs/cardfs6.htm   (1556 words)

  
 Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels -- FARACI and HEISTAD 78 (1): 53 -- ...
vascular muscle and endothelium (113, 245, 335, 357, 358, 426, 434, 477, 548).
Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels
Several lines of evidence suggest that constitutive levels of expression of NO synthase in endothelium are sufficient to influence
http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/78/1/53   (8393 words)

  
 Impaired Hyperpolarization in Regenerated Endothelium After Balloon Catheter Injury -- Köhler et al. 89 (2): 174 ...
vitro vasoreactivity, we conclude that the regenerated endothelium
Calcium-activated potassium channels in the endothelium of intact rat aorta.
Pohl U, Holtz J, Busse R, Bassenge E. Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo.
http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/2/174   (3450 words)

  
 Clinical Specular Microscopy: In Vivo Findings of Specular Microscopy
This observation is consistent with the current concept of acute corneal hydrops, wherein stretching of the endothelium and Descemet's membrane is presumed to result ultimately in the rupture of both structures, allowing aqueous humor to enter the corneal stroma.
Other substances such as glass and stainless steel also produce endothelial damage on contact, but the natural crystalline lens of the eye appears to cause little or no damage when it is touched to the endothelium for short periods.
This procedure is more likely to injure the endothelium if Fuchs' dystrophy or similar dystrophic changes are present
http://www.bio-optics.com/articles/01/art0106.htm   (7369 words)

  
 The role of the endothelium in severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome -- Aird 101 (10): 3765 -- Blood
The endothelium is an important determinant of the focal response
therapies that target the endothelium, it will be important to
important to consider when approaching the endothelium as a therapeutic
http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/101/10/3765   (6863 words)

  
 NHLBI workshop report: endothelial cell phenotypes in heart, lung, and blood diseases -- Stevens et al. 281 (5): C1422 ...
The embryological origin of organ- and tissue-specific endothelium is still controversial.
of endothelium, in regard to both its origin and function.
endothelium was considered separately, with emphasis given to
http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/281/5/C1422   (8070 words)

  
 Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease -- Brown and Hu 73 (4): 673 -- ...
The endothelium is essential to the hemostatic processes of
Historically, the vascular endothelium was thought of as a static
experimental and clinical evidence has proven that the endothelium
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/4/673   (7970 words)

  
 Homocellular Conduction Along Endothelium and Smooth Muscle of Arterioles in Hamster Cheek Pouch: Unmasking an NO Wave ...
the integrity of endothelium as a conduction pathway using focal
of the present experiments and substantiate that endothelium
In summary, this study has revealed an integral role for NO in mediating conducted vasodilation in arterioles of the hamster
http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/1/61   (4317 words)

  
 Adrenomedullin-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Porcine Ciliary Arteries -- Dettmann et al. 44 (9): 3961 -- ...
integrity of the endothelium was assessed by relaxing the vessels
with a functional endothelium, the relaxation evoked by adrenomedullin
the relaxing effect of adrenomedullin is in part endothelium
http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/44/9/3961   (3062 words)

  
 Decreased intercellular dye-transfer and downregulation of non-ablated connexins in aortic endothelium deficient in ...
endothelium could be taken to support our findings of a substantial
were not changed in aortic endothelium from 4-8-month-old Cx37
to changes in connexin expression in wild-type endothelium that
http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/116/11/2223   (6874 words)

  
 Mouse Vascular Endothelium Activates CD8+ T Lymphocytes in a B7-Dependent Fashion -- Kreisel et al. 169 (11): 6154 -- ...
sources of vascular endothelium used in these experiments.
vascular endothelium in vitro, we treated B6(B6) bone marrow
A better understanding of endothelial-driven direct Ag presentation could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for
http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/169/11/6154   (5300 words)

  
 Indigo Carmine Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation -- Chang et al. 27 (2): 228 -- Hypertension
Time-control responses to histamine before, during, and after IC are shown in D. Data are expressed as percent relaxation of contractions elicited by EC of phenylephrine (10
Time-control responses to ACh before, during, and after IC are shown in D. Data are expressed as percent relaxation of contractions elicited by EC of phenylephrine (10
Time-control responses to SNP before, during, and after IC are shown in D. Data are expressed as percent relaxation of contractions elicited by EC of phenylephrine (5x10
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/2/228   (3722 words)

  
 Hypoxic pulmonary endothelial cells release a diffusible contractile factor distinct from endothelin -- Gaine et al. ...
Endothelium-derived contracting and relaxing factors contribute to hypoxic responses of pulmonary arteries.
M) caused a biphasic response consisting of an initial relaxation
M) did not affect the vascular responses to moderate or severe
http://ajplung.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/274/4/L657   (3972 words)

  
 Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization : Beyond Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP -- Cohen and Vanhoutte 92 (11): 3337 -- ...
and the endothelium dependence of the response was
with knowledge that the endothelium releases a variety of relaxing
even if the smooth muscle and endothelium are reapposed, suggesting
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/92/11/3337   (6617 words)

  
 Activation of Endothelium by Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro Enhances Transmigration of Specific Subsets of T Lymphocytes ...
our system, the endothelium does not impose a restriction on the
analysis of the T lymphocytes that migrate suggests that the endothelium
Collectively, our data suggest that subsets of T lymphocytes with similar phenotypes migrated across unstimulated endothelium
http://iai.asm.org/cgi/content/full/69/4/2190   (4814 words)

  
 Endothelium and acute coronary syndromes -- Liao 44 (8): 1799 -- Clinical Chemistry
Vascular endothelium: an integrator of pathophysiologic stimuli in atherosclerosis.
endothelium by local disturbances of blood flow at certain branch points
Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease.
http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/44/8/1799   (5376 words)

  
 Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates leukocyte—endothelium interaction during acute endothelial dysfunction: ...
Adherence of isolated rat neutrophils to SMA vascular endothelium obtained from control rats given 0.9% saline and VEGF-treated rats.
Bar heights show number of adhered neutrophils to rat SMA endothelium obtained from the four experimental groups of rats.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect
http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/13/9/1039   (4561 words)

  
 Physiology of the endothelium -- Galley and Webster 93 (1): 105 -- British Journal of Anaesthesia
Physiology of the endothelium -- Galley and Webster 93 (1): 105 -- British Journal of Anaesthesia
46 Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S. The anti-aggregating properties of vascular endothelium: interactions between prostacyclin and nitric oxide.
that mediate the adhesion of leucocytes to the endothelium by
http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/1/105   (4501 words)

  
 Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans -- Green et al. 561 (1): 1 -- The ...
This systolic antegrade, diastolic retrograde flow pattern and its accompanying oscillatory shear stress on the endothelium may explain the paradoxical greater contribution of NO during cycling than handgrip exercise, despite the greater mean flow during handgrip exercise.
This difference in flow patterns may also resolve another conundrum in the literature, that exercise training studies involving localized handgrip training have not always produced significant improvement in NO bioactivity (Green et al.
effects on the vascular endothelium may therefore provide a
http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/561/1/1   (8151 words)

  
 Oral antioxidant therapy improves endothelial function in Type 1 but not Type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Beckman et al. 285 ...
at this time point is largely endothelium dependent and NO mediated
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/H2392   (4478 words)

  
 Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology: Selected Contribution: Effects of sex and ovariectomy on ...
-Estradiol increases intracellular calcium concentration through a short-term and nongenomic mechanism in rat vascular endothelium in culture.
These factors would not only affect venous tone but
(25,000 platelets/µl) caused relaxation in veins with endothelium.
http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/91/6/2823   (4307 words)

  
 Taylor & Francis Journals: Welcome
Endothelium is a multidisciplinary biomedical journal on endothelial cell research, dedicated to the rapid turnaround of signficant basic and clinical research on the endothelium, including:
Endothelial-derived biologically active factors involved in the regulation of vascular tone and structure in haemostasis, fibrinolysis, inflammation and immune responses
Interactions of endothelium with other cell types and extracellular matrix/basement membrane
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10623329.html   (131 words)

  
 Endothelial Dysfunction in Erectile Dysfunction: Role of the Endothelium in Erectile Physiology and Disease -- ...
Aging is associated with marked changes in the penis, especially
are associated with dysfunction of the vascular endothelium
Endothelial Dysfunction in Erectile Dysfunction: Role of the Endothelium in Erectile Physiology and Disease
http://www.andrologyjournal.org/cgi/content/full/24/6_suppl/S17   (9625 words)

  
 Capillary Endothelium
However, it has been recently observed that endothelium acts as a source of substances that can aid vascular smooth muscle in relaxation or contraction.
These substances may promote responses such as inflammation and blood clotting.
The first is continuous capillaries found in muscle, lung, fat, connective tissue, and the nervous system.
http://www.usc.edu/dept/biomed/bme403/Section_3/capillary_endothelium.html   (229 words)

  
 Role of Endothelin B Receptors in Enhancing Endothelium-Dependent Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vascular Relaxation During High ...
The vascular endothelium is known to release relaxing factors,
condition of endothelium (intact versus denuded), and treatment
Data points represent the mean±SEM of measurements in 18 to 24 aortic strips from 6 to 8 rats of each group.
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/37/2/516   (4633 words)

  
 Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in the Brain: A New Regulator of Cerebral Blood Flow? -- Golding et al. 33 ...
P2 u receptor-mediated release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor from cerebrovascular endothelium in rats.
ADP-induced dilatation of cerebral arterioles is mediated by EDHF: evidence from wild-type and eNOS-deficient mice.
Characterization of endothelium-dependent relaxation in guinea pig basilar artery: effect of hypoxia and role of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/33/3/661   (2315 words)

  
 Vitamin C Improves Endothelium-dependent Vasodilation in Patients with Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus -- Ting ...
Vanhoutte (1986) Oxygen-derived free radicals, endothelium, and responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle.
The endothelium is an important modulator of vascular tone and function through the synthesis and release of endothelium-derived
The endothelium plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone and function, in part by the synthesis and release of
http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/97/1/22   (4739 words)

  
 Sevoflurane reduces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation: role of superoxide anion and endothelin: [Le sevoflurane ...
demonstrated that isoflurane relaxed the vessels without endothelium
The vascular relaxation to sodium nitroprusside is also shown (C).
ET-1, which has been reported to be increased during surgery.
http://www.cja-jca.org/cgi/content/full/49/5/471   (2349 words)

  
 T cell interaction with ICAM-1-deficient endothelium in vitro: transendothelial migration of different T cell ...
and ICAM-1-deficient endothelium allows us to define a role
stimulated endothelium, whereas this could not be observed for
ICAM-2 in TK-1 adhesion to endothelium could only be demonstrated
http://intimm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/11/9/1527   (5474 words)

  
 Endothelium-specific ablation of PDGFB leads to pericyte loss and glomerular, cardiac and placental abnormalities -- ...
Our present data identify the glomerular endothelium as a critical
(D,E) Peritubular capillary endothelium is largely but not homogenously ß-gal-positive (arrowheads).
(F-L) In the heart and its large vascular connections, the endocardium, the cardiac valves and endothelium are ß-gal positive, albeit not at 100% (arrow in J indicates an unstained endothelial cell).
http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/131/8/1847   (5952 words)

  
 Properties of the endothelium
The endothelium can adapt rapidly to changes in its environment.
The endothelium may become activated by cytokines and develop specialisation for emigration of lymphoid cells.
Endothelium may become activated by cytokines and express cell adhesion molecules for neutrophils.
http://greenfield.fortunecity.com/rattler/46/endothelium.htm   (536 words)

  
 Heterogeneity of Endothelial Cells : Specific Markers -- Garlanda and Dejana 17 (7): 1193 -- Arteriosclerosis, ...
The endothelium of the brain microvasculature represents the
Lu-ECAM-1–mediated adhesion of melanoma cells to endothelium under conditions of flow.
Proangiogenic stimulation of bone marrow endothelium engages mTOR and is inhibited by simultaneous blockade of mTOR and NF-{kappa}B
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/7/1193   (6167 words)

  
 Endothelium definition - Womens Health and Medical Information on MedicineNet.com
Endothelium definition - Womens Health and Medical Information on MedicineNet.com
By contrast, the outside layer of cells that covers all the free, open surfaces of the body including the skin, and mucous membranes that communicate with the outside of the body is called the epithelium.
Endothelium: A layer of flat cells lining the closed internal spaces of the body such as the inside of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels (that convey the lymph, a milky fluid) and the heart.
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3248   (231 words)

  
 Endothelium
Endothelial cells secrete a number of mediators (factors) which may elicit biological responses by various signal-transduction mechanisms.
Such mediators are implicated in regulating the permeability of the endothelium and can promote chemotactic responses like inflammation and blood clotting.
The endothelium is involved in a network of interactions between cells, cellular factors, humoral factors and matrix components and endothelial malfunctions are the cause of a great variety of pathophysiological states.
http://www.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de/bt/Endothel.html   (155 words)

  
 Leung, Mol Vis 2000; 6:15-23.
The retrocorneal fibrous membrane (RCFM), first described by Fuchs in 1901 [1], has been observed in various clinical conditions associated with disease and damage to the corneal endothelium [2-4].
This pathological membrane consists of fibrous ECM and elongated cells that are responsible for the fibrillar phenotypes.
Since corneal endothelium was not present in the previous work [22], a direct comparison of the two studies may hamper the information obtained from these studies.
http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v6/a4   (4367 words)

  
 endothelium - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
Until quite recently the endothelium was thought to be an inert lining of the blood vessels but it is now becoming clear that endothelial cells play a number of essential and complex roles within the body.
Chemotaxis, leukocyte capture and their interaction with cytokines is extremely complex and a lot of research work is currently being done in this field.
The cells of the endothelium are called endothelial cells.
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/endothelium.html   (320 words)

  
 Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II causes NOS-dependent pulmonary artery vasodilation: a novel effect for a ...
EMAP II expression may be a counterregulatory mechanism that
groups of experiments, the effects of removing PA endothelium
Because EMAP II required a functional endothelium to cause PA vasodilation, we hypothesized that its mechanism of action was
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/4/R767   (3508 words)

  
 Regulation of the vascular system by neural and endothelial mechanisms. Andrzej Loesch
Contribution to vascular research My research is focused on the electron-immunocytochemical (ultrastructural) localisation of the vasoactive agents, their synthetic enzymes or receptors in vascular tissue in physiological and pathophysiological circumstances.
It is now apparent that vasoactive agents released from vascular endothelium as well as those from perivascular autonomic nerves (sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensorimotor or intramural) are involved in the local control of vascular tone and blood flow.
The Galleries display ultrastructural images: (1) the introduction and cerebral endothelium, (2) the localisation of endothelial vasoactive agents and P2 receptor, (3) injured vessels, platelets and leukocytes, and (4) the perivascular nerves.
http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgaanl   (441 words)

  
 Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor--Fact or Fiction? -- Hecker 15 (1): 1 -- Physiology
the endothelium and the use of some nonspecific pharmacological
The endothelium plays a major role in vascular homeostasis by
principle from an electrical coupling between endothelium and
http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/15/1/1   (2396 words)

  
 endothelium - OneLook Dictionary Search
endothelium : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info]
endothelium, endothélium : Technical and Popular Medical Terms [home, info]
Phrases that include endothelium: endothelium derived relaxing factor, corneal endothelium, endothelium camerae anterioris, endothelium of anterior chamber, corneal endothelium modulation factor, more...
http://www.onelook.com/?w=endothelium   (231 words)

  
 Endothelium-derived reactive oxygen species and endothelin-1 attenuate NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation following ...
explains the inhibitory influence of the endothelium on NO reactivity
disruption of the endothelium, vasodilatory responses to spermine
Hypoxia induces endothelin gene expression and secretion in cultured human endothelium.
http://ajplung.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/287/4/L801   (4668 words)

  
 Untitled Document
It plays a critical role in the mechanics of blood flow, the regulation of coagulation, leukocyte adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle cell growth, and also serves as a barrier to the transvascular diffusion of liquids and solutes.
Comment on this page's content or view comments made by others!
For years the endothelium was thought of as an inert single layer of cells that passively allowing the passage of water and other small molecules across the vessel wall.
http://bme.virginia.edu/ley/endothelium.html   (160 words)

  
 endothelium - definition of endothelium by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
endothelium - an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
endothelium - definition of endothelium by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/endothelium   (118 words)

  
 Endothelium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the endothelium of the cornea, see corneal endothelium
Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary.
The endothelium is the layer of thin, flat cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium   (232 words)

  
 Vascular mechanisms of increased arterial pressure in preeclampsia: lessons from animal models -- Khalil and Granger ...
with specific ET receptors in the endothelium (128, 145, 146).
Removal of the endothelium significantly enhances the Phe
Removal of the endothelium enhances the Phe contraction in pregnant
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/283/1/R29   (4775 words)

  
 Lääketieteellinen mikrobiologia - Lääketieteellinen tiedekunta - Turun yliopisto
Salmi, M., Koskinen, K., Henttinen, T., Elima, K., Jalkanen, S. 2004: CLEVER-1 mediates lymphocyte transmigration through vascular and lymphatic endothelium.
[A] Niemelä, J., Henttinen, T., Yegutkin, GG., Airas, L., Kujari, A-M., Rajala, P., Jalkanen, S. 2004: IFN-�?� induced adenosine production on the endothelium: a mechanism mediated by CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) up-regulation.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 3:5; 1-6.[C] Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. Lymphocyte interaction with microvascular endothelium In Encyclopedia of the Microvasculature (in press), Ed.
http://www.med.utu.fi/mikrobiologia/tutkimus/Julkaisut2004.html   (1008 words)

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