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| | Chapter 14 - Section 13: First Principles of Gastroenterology |
 | | Factors of importance in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy are the shunting of blood around the hepatocytes into the systemic circulation and the presence of hepatocellular dysfunction. | | | Clinically, a number of encephalopathic patterns can be observed: acute, acute recurrent, chronic recurrent and chronic permanent encephalopathy (the last often forms part of the spectrum of acquired hepatocerebral degeneration). | | | Based on the possible relationship of a defect in dopaminergic neurotransmission and encephalopathy, both L-dopa and bromocriptine have been tried, with controversial results. |
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http://gastroresource.com/GITextbook/En/Chapter14/14-13.htm
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| | Hepatic Encephalopathy - Dr Hicham Mansour |
| | This patient may require therapy with benzodiazepines in conjunction with lactulose and other medical therapies for hepatic encephalopathy. | | | Grading or classifying the stages of hepatic encephalopathy is often helpful in following the course of the illness and assessing response to therapy. | | | Sodium benzoate can interact with glycine to form hippurate. |
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http://www.geocities.com/twisted_artist/Medecine/hepatic_encephalopathy.htm
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| | Postgraduate Medicine: Hepatic encephalopathy |
| | Several clinical trials have failed to prove the efficacy of oral or intravenous BCAA therapy in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. | | | Our understanding of this condition is incomplete because of the difficulties of studying brain function in vivo (eg, poor accessibility, inability to topographically map areas of the brain associated with alertness). | | | Ferency P, Herneth A, Steindl P. Newer approaches to therapy of hepatic encephalopathy. |
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http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2001/02_01/assi.htm
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| | Early myoclonic encephalopathy |
| | There is no effective therapy for early myoclonic encephalopathy. | | | Wang and colleagues reported a patient with a clinical picture of early myoclonic encephalopathy and an atypical suppression-burst pattern, with full recovery after administration of pyridoxine (Wang et al 1998). | | | Lombroso C. Early myoclonic encephalopathy, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and benign and severe infantile myoclonic epilepsies: a critical review and personal contributions. |
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http://www.epilepsy.org/ctf/early_myoclonic_encephalo.html
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| | Liver encephalopathy |
| | Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy range from almost unnoticeable changes in personality, energy levels, and thinking patterns to deep coma. | | | The absence of sensitive, reliable tests for encephalopathy make the physician's personal observations and professional judgment the most valuable diagnostic tools. | | | Decreased brain function can also cause inappropriate behavior, lack of interest in personal grooming, mood swings, and uncharacteristically poor judgment. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/liver_encephalopathy.jsp
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| | eMedicine - Encephalopathy, Hypertensive : Article by Ryan C Chang, MD |
| | Deterioration of clinical status despite therapy warrants immediate and further investigation into other possible etiologies or reevaluation of therapy for worsening hypertensive encephalopathy. | | | Obtain chest radiographs to evaluate for possible complications of hypertensive encephalopathy, including aspiration due to altered mentation. | | | Patients should adhere to antihypertensive therapy and schedule reassessment at regular intervals to modify failing regimens. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic667.htm
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| | FDIUBSE |
| | At this stage we are continuing to learn about transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and their implications on human health. | | | There is growing concern that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) may have passed from cattle to humans. | | | Current definitions of the species barrier, which have been based on clinical end-points, need to be fundamentally reassessed. |
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http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/courses-jmgay/fdiubse.htm
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 4, Ch. 38, Clinical Features Of Liver Disease |
| | Initially, subtle sleep pattern changes or sluggish movement and speech may be present. | | | Blood ammonia levels are usually elevated, but values correlate poorly with clinical status; bedside judgment is a better guide. | | | Sedation deepens encephalopathy and should be avoided, even if the patient is agitated. |
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http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section4/chapter38/38f.htm
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| | Welcome Sheet: Understanding the Evaluation & Treatment for Encephalopathy |
| | Your doctor will ask you about your sleep habits and memory. | | | Your doctor may request that you stop driving. | | | Encephalopathy is a change in your mental condition in which toxins that normally circulate in the bloodstream are not cleared properly by the liver and result in altered brain function. |
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http://www.cpmc.org/learning/documents/encephalopathy-ws.html
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| | Dr. Koop - Hepatic Encephalopathy- Health Encyclopedia and Reference |
| | Is there an underlying medical problem precipitating encephalopathy? | | | To find more information on specific conditions, please visit our partner sites: | | | Current clinical management of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure is derived from experience in chronic liver disease. |
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http://www.drkoop.com/encyclopedia/93/368.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hepatic encephalopathy |
| | It is characterized by various neurologic symptoms including changes in reflexes, changes in consciousness, and behavior changes that can range from mild to severe. | | | Both forms may result in irreversible coma and death, with approximately 80% fatality if coma develops. | | | Hepatic encephalopathy is an acute medical condition that may become a medical emergency. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000302.htm
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| | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) |
| | This heading contains information on changes in the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) situation worldwide. |
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http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm
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| | Defra, UK - BSE - Homepage |
| | 19 August 2005 - UK strategy for research and development on human and animal health aspects of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) 2005-2008 published |
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http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html
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| | MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY |
| | In contrast to natural scrapie of sheep, the spongiform change in BSE is the predominant form of vacuolar change. | | | More important has been the public health concern. | | | The initial clinical signs of this fatal neurological disease are non-specific, typically involving behavioural changes. |
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http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W8656E/W8656E00.HTM
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| | Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, Fatal familial insomnia, and kuru: a review of these less common human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. | | | Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal, incurable degenerative diseases of the brain transmitted by prions. | | | The subsequent demonstration that human prion diseases were transmissible reinforced the importance of spongiform change as a diagnostic feature, reflected in the use of the term "spongiform encephalopathy" for this group of disorders. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
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| | "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and other animal related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies" |
| | Descriptors: cattle, BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ante-mortem blood test, diagnostic technique, short-strand RNA coated with phospholipids, possible specificity to BSE. | | | Descriptors: rapid diagnostic tests, BSE, Western blotting, Elisa, comparison study, use and application in | | | Scrapie may be the most well known of the spongiform encephalopathies. |
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/bsebib.htm
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| | Encephalopathy Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |
| | Your physician can provide specific instructions for proper care and treatment. | | | The hallmark of encephalopathy is an altered mental state. | | | Depending on the type and severity of encephalopathy, common neurological symptoms are progressive loss of memory and cognitive ability, subtle personality changes, inability to concentrate, lethargy, and progressive loss of consciousness. |
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http://accessible.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/encephalopathy/encephalopathy.htm
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| | BSE Information and Resources from FSIS |
| | Research Triangle Institute's PEER REVIEW of the Harvard BSE Risk Assessment (PDF Only; Oct 31, 2002) | | | Harvard Center for Risk Assessment's RESPONSE TO REVIEWER COMMENTS Submitted by Research Triangle Institute (PDF Only; Oct 2003) | | | Despite individual differences, when the age of an animal is not known, examination of the teeth serves as the best and most practical method of age determination. |
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http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/index.asp
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| | UK Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit |
| | This letter describes in some detail the clinical and pathological variants observed between sporadic CJD and the new variant of the disease which has been identified here at the CJD unit. | | | This document is intended to summarise the research in progress at the CJD unit and also provide some background information about CJD and other human spongiform encephalopathies. | | | Research Report on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. |
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http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk
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| | Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy |
| | This article is an introduction to the condition Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. | | | This article discusses GERD and aspiration pneumonia in relation to children with HIE. | | | Some information to get you started learning about the Ketogenic Diet and its use in controlling seizures |
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http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/hypoxic_ischemic_encephalopathy
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| | SEAC Homepage |
| | Provide independent scientific advice on food safety, public and animal health issues relating to TSEs taking account of the remits of other bodies with related responsibilities. | | | SEAC's remit is wide-ranging, and covers public health, food safety and animal health issues. | | | If you would like to view archives of previous meetings, this is available at SEAC Events-online. |
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http://www.seac.gov.uk
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| | American Family Physician: Wernicke's encephalopathy |
| | Wernicke's encephalopathy classically presents as a triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and a disorder of consciousness. | | | Autopsy of patients with Korsakoff's psychosis showed cerebral lesions typical of Wernicke's encephalopathy. | | | Wernicke's encephalopathy, a common, acute neurologic disorder, is frequently associated with chronic alcoholism in the United States. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n4_v41/ai_9020749
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| | BSE Information at UIUC |
| | Signs, epidemiology, location, infectivity, clinical tests relating to BSE | | | Control measures have reduced incidence and currently, less than 100 cases are being reported per week. | | | Description of spongiform encephalopathies, timeline and definition of terms |
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http://w3.aces.uiuc.edu/AnSci/BSE
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| | WHO Bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
| | Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) are diseases characterized by spongy degeneration of the brain with severe and fatal neurological signs and symptoms. | | | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle. | | | BSE is one of several different forms of transmissible brain disease affecting a number of animal species. |
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs113/en
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| | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease) |
| | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease condition in cattle which is thought to have originated in Great Britain. | | | In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), variant-CJD (v-CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Kuru are all transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. | | | BSE is similar to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) present in man and animals. |
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http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/ansci/beef/as1206w.htm
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| | BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY |
| | There is no known treatment for BSE or any of the TSE's. | | | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy currently must be confirmed by histopathological examination of brain tissue. | | | The clinical, pathological, and molecular genetic features of BSE, as well as other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, have led to speculation on the nature of the etiologic agent and the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. |
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http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/BSE.htm
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| | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) |
| | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a chronic, degenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system of cattle. | | | A landmark study shows the risk of BSE occurring in the U.S. to be extremely low. |
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http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/bse.html
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| | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Questions & Answers |
| | BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle; its symptoms are similar to a disease of sheep, called scrapie. | | | Does BSE or a similar disease occur in humans? | | | An inquiry by the British government has however, concluded that scrapie infected MBM was not the source of BSE nor was the change in the rendering practices responsible for survival of the BSE agent. |
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http://www.fda.gov/cber/bse/bseqa.htm#a2
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| | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography |
| | Misshaped ("misfolded") prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. | | | It was first believed to have originated in sheep, in which the related prion disease scrapie is common (such diseases collectively are called "transmissible spongiform encephalopathies" or TSEs). | | | While never having killed cattle on a scale comparable to other dreaded livestock diseases, such as foot and mouth and rinderpest, BSE has attracted wide attention because of its apparent transmissibility and lethality to humans, as well as for the nature of the mental decay it causes. |
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http://artisticnudity.com/encyclopedia/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or commonly mad cow disease) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle. |
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http://open-encyclopedia.com/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy
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