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| | Edward Thorndike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Edward Lee Thorndike (August 31, 1874 - August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist whose work on animal behaviour and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism. | | | The puzzle box experiments were motivated in part by Thorndike's dislike for statements that animals made use of extraordinary factulties such as insight in their problem solving: "In the first place, most of the books do not give us a psychology, but rather a eulogy of animals. | | | The Law of Effect states that people tend not to engage in behavior that doesn't result in consequences. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thorndike
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| | Thorndike, E. L. - WikEd |
| | Thorndike's analysis of this behavior was that the behavior that produced the desired effect became dominant and therefore, occurred faster in the next experiments. | | | Thorndike discovered that if a behavior is followed by something pleasant, most likely the behavior will be repeated. | | | Thorndike was phil- osophically of the American Functionalist school, but his positivism and commitment to objectivity in interpretation reverberate through the early work of John B. Watson that led to the behavioral revolution. |
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http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Thorndike,_E._L.
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| | The Leipzig Connection - Chapter 3 - Edward Lee Thorndike, Columbia University, Behaviorism |
| | Thorndike equated children with the rats, monkeys, fish, cats, and chickens upon which he experimented in his laboratory and was prepared to apply what he found there to learning in the classroom. | | | Thorndike based conditioning on what he called the "law of effect," which held that those actions and behaviors leading to satisfaction would be impressed, or stamped in, on the child, and those leading to unsatisfactory results would be stamped out. | | | Edward Lee Thorndike was trained in the new psychology by the first generation of Wundt's protégés. |
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http://www.sntp.net/education/leipzig_connection_4.htm
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| | Edward L. Thorndike |
| | In his Law of Effects, Thorndike describes, "The greater the satisfyingness of the state of affairs which accompanies or follows a given response to a certain situation, the more likely that response is to be made to that situation in the future." |
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http://www.my-ecoach.com/idtimeline/theory/thorndike.html
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| | Psychology History |
| | Edward L. Throndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology. | | | Thorndike's setup of the puzzle boxes is an example of instrumental conditioning: An animal makes some response, and if it is rewarded, the response is learned. | | | Thorndike used the cat's behavior in a puzzle box to describe what happens when all beings learn anything. |
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http://fates.cns.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/thorndike.htm
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| | EP_1stCentury |
| | Thorndike was the founder of educational psychology as a separate discipline. | | | The discipline of educational psychology was fostered primarily in the United States by such eminent psychologists as William James, Edward L. Thorndike, and James McKeen Cattell. | | | Dewey, Thorndike, James M. Baldwin, Francis Parker, and Arnold Gesell all tried to found educational practice on scientific studies of children (Davidson and Benjamin, 1987), but the psychologist most frequently associated with the child study movement is G. Stanley Hall. |
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http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~hmcbride/EP_1stCentury.html
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| | Human Intelligence: Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. | | | Thorndike's Law of Exercise continued this line of thought; a) Stimulus-response connections that are repeated are strengthened, and b) Stimulus -response connections that are not used are weakened. | | | Thorndike characterized the two most basic intelligences as Trial-and-Error and Stimulus-Response Association. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/ethorndike.shtml
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| | Bernays, Edward L. -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | Thorndike, Edward L. American psychologist whose work on animal behaviour and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism, which states that behavioral responses to specific stimuli are established through a process of trial and error that affects neural connections between the stimuli and the most satisfying responses. | | | Bernays, Edward L. pioneer American publicist who is generally considered to have been the first to develop the idea of the professional public relations counselor—i.e., one who draws on the social sciences in order to motivate and shape the response of a general or particular audience. | | | Source for materials about the imaginative information-design expert Edward Tufte, author of the renowned trilogy The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Envisioning Information, and Visual Explanations. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9310184?tocId=9310184&query=l.
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| | E.L. Thorndike |
| | Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) claimed that "A good simple definition or description of a man's mind is that it is his connection system, adapting the responses of thought, feeling, and action that he makes to the situation that he meets. | | | Around the turn of the century, Edward Thorndike attempted to develop an objective experimental method for the mechanical problem solving ability of cats and dogs. | | | The behaviorist position that human behavior could be explained entirely in terms of reflexes, stimulus-response associations, and the effects of reinforcers upon them entirely excluding 'mental' terms like desires, goals and so on was taken up by John Broadhus Watson in his 1914 book 'Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology.'. |
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http://www.ittheory.com/thornd.htm
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| | The 100-Year Journey of Educational Psychology |
| | Thorndike's influence resulted in an arrogance on the part of educational psychologists, a closed-mindedness about the complexities of the life of the teacher and the power of the social and political influences on the process of schooling. | | | Thorndike (1898b), who was remarkably tolerant of their amateurishness, still called the child study movement "very poor psychology, inaccurate, inconsistent and misguided." He predicted that very few successful hypotheses and very little verification of their findings would occur. | | | From Thorndike's time to the 1960s, the texts were usually rehashed versions of Thorndike's S-R associationism and general psychology, with the students required to do all the work to figure out how that material applied to education (Grinder, 1989). |
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http://courses.ed.asu.edu/berliner/readings/journey.htm
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| | TIP: Theories |
| | The learning theory of Thorndike represents the original S-R framework of behavioral psychology: Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. | | | The classic example of Thorndike's S-R theory was a cat learning to escape from a "puzzle box" by pressing a lever inside the box. | | | Thorndike, E. Educational Psychology: The Psychology of Learning. |
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http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html
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| | Classics in Psychology |
| | In this work, Thorndike was also a methodological innovator, developing a general experimental technique that was to revolutionize the psychological study of animal behavior. | | | In the chapter on 'laws and hypotheses of behavior,' Thorndike first discussed 'effect' and 'exercise' as provisional laws of acquired behavior. | | | The first, that psychology could be viewed as the science of behavior continuous with physiology, anticipated arguments soon to be advanced by John B. Watson in his famous behaviorist manifesto. |
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http://www.thoemmes.com/psych/thorndike1.htm
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| | Operant conditioning - TheBestLinks.com - B. F. Skinner, Psychologist, Classical conditioning, Reinforcement, ... |
| | Thorndike's most famous work investigated the behavior of cats trying to escape from various home-made puzzle boxes. | | | This neatly sidestepped Thorndike's satisfaction, resulting in a term which was less theoretical and more simply descriptive: any event whose presences and absences control how often a response occurs are by definition reinforcers for that response. | | | In his law of effect, Thorndike theorized that successful responses, those producing satisfying consequences were "stamped in" by the experience and thus occurred more frequently. |
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http://www.thebestlinks.com/Operant_conditioning.html
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| | Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Thorndike also formulated the law of effect, which states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be more likely to be repeated in the future. | | | One of his most famous theories is "The Identical Elements Theory of the Transfer of Training" where the amount of transfer between the familiar situation and the unfamiliar one is determined by the number of elements that the two situations have in common. | | | This is also known as the "Mental Muscle Approach" since it was claimed that the mind was made stronger with practice just as one would strengthen their biceps. |
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http://www.nwlink.com/%7Edonclark/hrd/history/thorndike.html
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| | Classics in Psychology |
| | Discussing the causes of variability, Thorndike delineated the approach required for applying the theory of probability to mental measurements, outlined issues arising in the measurement of differences and changes, and illustrated the use of correlational techniques in the measurement of the relationship between two variables. | | | Thorndike's high profile within both the psychological and educational research communities and his contact with large numbers of students attending Teachers College guaranteed a relatively wide readership for the Introduction. | | | The aim of the book, as Thorndike indicated in the preface, was to 'introduce students to the theory of mental measurements and to provide them with such knowledge and practice as may assist them to follow critically quantitative evidence and argument and to make their own researches exact and logical.' |
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http://www.thoemmes.com/psych/thorndike2.htm
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| | Psyography: Biographies on Psychologists |
| | Thorndike’s major contributions to psychology were the methods that he developed for educational psychology. | | | Thorndike was not only the father of educational psychology, but an instrumental character in the field of psychology that we know today (Schultz and Sydney, 2000). | | | Thorndike first developed this theory through his extensive work with animal behavior and the learning processes of cats. |
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http://faculty.frostburg.edu/mbradley/psyography/thorndike.html
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| | Edward Lee Thorndike Biography / Biography of Edward Lee Thorndike Biography |
| | The American psychologist and educator Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949) was the originator of modern educational psychology and influenced 20th-century American education immeasurably. | | | As a scientist, Thorndike sought to develop a cohesive theory of human behavior. | | | Thus, he investigated and wrote about the probable causes of differences in intellectual abilities, how habits are formed, the positive effects of practice, learning by rewards, the value of studying one subject for learning another, the arrangement of skills, and the effects upon students of tiredness and time of day. |
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http://www.bookrags.com/biography-edward-lee-thorndike
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| | Alibris: Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Thorndike's research established the study of animal learning as a laboratory science by offering a theory of instrumental learning couched solely in terms of the organism's ability to form new connections and by employing novel experimental techniques that were objective, quantitative, reproducible and convenient to use. | | | Through his analysis of innate learning capacities, the mechanisms and laws of learning, including his famous 'law of effect', and the nature and source of individual differences in learning, Thorndike brought the study of learning from the periphery to the centre of modern experimental psychology. | | | The Human nature club; an introduction to the study of mental life |
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http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Edward_L._Thorndike
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| | Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition - Author Biography |
| | Thorndikes work has been widely recognized in the fields of both education and psychology. | | | Thorndike has been awarded a grant from the Spencer Foundation to study the relationship between speed of information processing and intelligence. | | | Thorndike has spoken at numerous measurement and research meetings and, during the past year, participated in many Stanford-Binet seminars and workshops. |
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http://www.riverpub.com/products/clinical/sbis4/thor.html
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| | Herbert Blumer: Review of The Psychology of Wants, Interests and Attitudes by Edward L. Thorndike |
| | With this conception, Thorndike indicates what he regards to be the deficiencies of the usual run of theories of habit formation. | | | This excellent treatise by a distinguished psychologist seeks to present with the liberal use of experimental findings a theory of the manner in which wants, interests, and attitudes are formed. | | | To establish in an individual a desire, want, interest, or attitude, one must induce in him the desired response and then reward this response. |
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http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/%7Elward/Blumer/Blumer_1938b.html
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| | Edward L Thorndike |
| | Thorndike's theories of learning have made great contributions to education and psychological testing. | | | Thorndike focused on behaviour rather than consciousness to explain how stamping in occurred. | | | With regard to the Law of Exercise, he claimed that repetition does not affect learning. |
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http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vjgroome
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| | Edward Thorndike - Wikipédia |
| | Thorndike, E. Educational Psychology&;: The Psychology of Learning. | | | Contrairement au connexionisme moderne, Thorndike ne s'est pas intéressé en détail aux connexions entre neurones mais surtout aux associations entre percepts et comportements. | | | Thorndike, E. Introduction to the theory of mental measurement. |
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http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thorndike
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| | Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Thorndike studied learning in cats, and earned PhD in psychology 1898. | | | He placed a cat in a small cage and observed it manipulate the environment in order to escape. | | | His dissertation resulted in his publication in 1898 of "Animal Intelligence" in Psychological Review. |
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http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch06/bio6a.mhtml
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| | Progressive Awareness -- Ch. 10: Social Intelligence |
| | R.J. Herrnstein, a Harvard psychologist, pointed up the very distinct danger of the use of IQ testing resulting in social rigidity, with certain families perpetually at the top of the heap. | | | In a Harper’s Magazine article in the 1930s, he defined social intelligence as the ability to understand others and “act wisely in human relations.” He maintained that social intelligence is different from academic ability and a key element in what makes people succeed in life. | | | One of the few theorists who has anything to offer our current efforts was Edward L. Thorndike who maintained that there are three intelligences: abstract, mechanical, and social. |
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http://www.hermes-press.com/PA/PAch10.htm
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| | August 31 - Today in Science History |
| | Edward L(ee) Thorndike was a U.S. psychologist considered to be the father of Educational Psychology who studied the process of learning in animals, children and adults. | | | Thorndike studied how animals learn through trial and error in his "puzzlebox" experiments, such as observing a hungry cat in a box which received food when it escaped. | | | Gradually, the animal learned what it had to do to escape, and the escape time became shorter. |
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http://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_31.htm
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| | Key Theorists/Theories in Psychology - EDWARD THORNDIKE |
| | The Contribution of Psychology to Education (Classic by E. Thorndike: 1910) | | | Kohler's Objections to Thorndike's Puzzle Box Approach (at Animal Cognition) | | | Thorndike's Theory and Application (from San Francisco State U.) |
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http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Thorndike.htm
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| | Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Thorndike rid his theories of the mentalism of earlier psychologists and paved the way for the behaviorism of B. Skinner and John B. Watson. | | | His learning theory, applied to animals and human beings, added the principle of effect (success, pleasure, satisfaction) to Hermann Ebbinghaus's principle of exercise. | | | (1984); Joncich, Geraldine M., The Sane Positivist: A Biography of Edward Lee Thorndike (1968). |
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http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/%7Etonya/309m/class/paper4/bowser/elt.htm
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| | Edward L Thorndike |
| | Thorndike, Edward Lee (1874-1949), an American educational psychologist, made many contributions to the study of learning, teaching, and mental testing. | | | He invented the puzzle-box to investigate how such animals as cats and dogs solve problems. | | | He developed a method to determine which words are used most often. |
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http://www.a2zpsychology.com/great_psychologists/edward_l_thorndike.htm
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| | Edward Thorndike |
| | Edward L. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) was a U.S. psychologist whose work on animal behaviour and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism[?]. | | | All is still licensed under the GNU FDL. |
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http://www.termsdefined.net/ed/edward-thorndike.html
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| | Edward L. Thorndike: The selectionist connectionist. |
| | Thorndike's selectionist approach, when combined with his connectionism, laid the foundation for a synthesis of behavior analysis and neuroscience. | | | From the very outset of his work, Thorndike allied himself with the Darwinian proposition that complex phenomena can arise as the cumulative effects of a selection process, here the process envisioned by the law of effect. | | | Key words: E. Thorndike, selectionism, connectionism, response-outcome associations |
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http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/abstracts/JeabAbstracts/72/_72-451.Htm
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| | LIBINDEX.TUV |
| | Edward Leroy Schaub ELEMENTS OF FOLK PSYCHOLOGY Outlines of a psychological history of the development of mankind xxiii+532+(4)(list) 1921,April (rep., 1st-July 1916) London:Allen and Unwin/ NY: Macmillan ex-Westminster Coll. | | | THORNDIKE, Edward L. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY vii+177 1903 NY:Lemcke and Buechner | | | TITCHENER, Edward Bradford EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY A Manual of Laboratory Practice (2 vols.:Qualitative Experiments Part I.Student's Manual; Quantitative Experiemrnts Part I. Student's Manual) xviii+214/ xvii+208 1915 (1st-1901, 1905) NY and London:Macmillan |
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http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/sciences/psychology/chop/author/t-z_psy.html
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| | The History of Instructional Design: Edward Thorndike, Education, A First Book |
| | It will, I hope, prepare students in colleges and normal schools to see the significance of their more specialized studies in educational psychology and sociology, methods of teaching and class management, the history of educational theory and practice, and the applications of philosophy and ethics to education. | | | The personal instruction of a teacher in a classroom situation is enhanced with illustrations, practice activities, questions, explanations, directions and repetition. | | | Thorndike defines this kind of instruction as "personally managed treatment of a subject (page 163)." |
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http://www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/thorndike.html
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| | Edward L. Thorndike Personal Vita |
| | Thorndike, E. Psychology and the science of education. | | | His study of adult learning in 1928 was a significant milestone in the development of the adult education profession. | | | Adult learners also began playing an active role in the learning process. |
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http://www-distance.syr.edu/pvitaelt.html
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| | Edward L. Thorndike |
| | Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals | | | Mental work and fatigue and individual differences and their causes (Educational psychology) | | | Thorndike, Clarence L. Barnhart, Edward L. Thorndike, and Clarence Lewis Barnhart |
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http://www.veryhappening.com/things/edward_l_thorndike
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| | February 10 in Psychology |
| | Guttman devised a method of attitude scaling, scalogram analysis, derived from the cumulatively ordered preferences of the respondent. | | | 1995 — The first prescription written by a practicing psychologist legally trained to prescribe psychoactive drugs was written by U.S. Navy Commander John L. Sexton, PhD. | | | Thorndike cited the spread of effect phenomenon, "proving that the after effect of a mental connection can work back upon the connection to strengthen it." |
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http://www.cwu.edu/~warren/calendar/cal0210.html
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| | Edward L |
| | A typical puzzle box consisted of ropes, levers and latches that an animal (typically a cat) could use as a means for escape. | | | Thorndike published a dictionary that featured words frequently looked-up by young students. |
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http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/talviar/thorndike.htm
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| | Comparative psychology |
| | Skinner introduced the use of pigeons, and they continue to be important in some fields. | | | Thorndike began his studies with cats, but American comparative psychologists quickly shifted to the more economical rat, which remained the almost invariable subject for the first half of the twentieth century and continues to be used. | | | Pavlov's early work used dogs, but although they have been the subject of occasional studies since they have not figured prominently; however increasing interest in the study of abnormal animal behaviour has led to a return to the study of most kinds of domestic animal. |
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http://www.1-free-software.com/en/wikipedia/c/co/comparative_psychology.html
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| | [No title] |
| | The growth of the surface area of the human body. | | | SEE SANDERSON, L. Christian Science and its discoverer. | | | SEE BEAUCHAMP, WILBUR L. The influence of women and its cure. |
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http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/1/8/2/11827/11827-8.txt
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| | NameTraq Last Name: Thorndike |
| | Board narrows list of sites for SAD 3 school complex | | | Thanks to the Regent’s mother-in-law (Sybil Thorndike) the couple start seeing more of each other, and the Regent starts to become less set in his ways. | | | Dr. Edward L. Thorndike, psychologist and educator of Teachers College, Columbia University, was elected president of the American Association for the... |
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http://www.nametraq.org/Jan04/T/Thorndike.shtml
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| | Edward Lee Thorndike Links |
| | Key Theorists/Theories in Psychology - EDWARD THORNDIKE at http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Thorndike.htm | | | The Leipzig Connection - Chapter 3 - Edward Lee Thorndike, Columbia University, Behaviorism at http://www.sntp.net/education/leipzig_connection_4.htm | | | You may need to search for the person using your browser's find function |
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http://elvers.stjoe.udayton.edu/history/people/Thorndike.html
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| | Educational Psychology |
| | THORNDIKE, EDWARD L. Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949), best known for his early work in animal learning and for his pioneer work in the area of educational psychology, may well have been one of America's most influential educational theorists of the early 20th century. | | | In Educational Psychology,his monumental and widely consulted study, Thorndike applied his broad knowledge of learning to specific problems in educational psychology. |
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http://www.ayerpub.com/Product.asp?ProductID=4400000012021&mtch=1
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