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 | | Jenner's contribution was the technique he used and the scientific method he practiced. | | | The scientific method includes forming a hypothesis, devising an experiment, conducting the experiment, and taking detailed notes which are then used to prove or disprove the hypothesis. | | | The eventual world-wide use of the smallpox vaccine may not have happened if Jenner had not promoted its acceptance with his careful methodology. |
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http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/biographies_scientists/80082
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| | Ockhams Razor - 11/23/1997: Defending Edward Jenner |
| | Assuming that Edward Jenner was naughty may be common, but it is nonetheless an error, based on a misunderstanding of medical practices in the late 18th century. | | | Perhaps we could accuse Jenner of being wrong in subjecting a young boy to the infection of cowpox, but even that had been the subject of careful observation. | | | While variolation with smallpox was a much better risk than a genuine and unplanned attack of smallpox, it was still a risk, and some people died of it. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s356.htm
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| | Edward Jenner and Vaccination - Vaccination |
| | In person, Edward Jenner was short and rather heavily built; his expression of face was pleasant with a touch of sadness. | | | To many of Jenner's contemporaries the view that vaccinia had at one time been a disease of human beings seemed unlikely; but we are now in a far better position to admit its probability than were those of Jenner's time. | | | It is true that at one time it was not clear what were the relationships of chickenpox and smallpox, of vaccinia and variola, of vaccinia and varioloid, of the various forms of pox in animals--cowpox, swinepox, horsepox or grease--either inter se or to human smallpox. |
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http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/tech/medicine/EdwardJennerAndVaccination/Chap1.html
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| | Edward Jenner (www.whonamedit.com) |
| | Edward Jenner has a place among the immortals in preventive medicine. | | | In the ensuing years Jenner received a thorough introduction to medical and surgical practice. | | | The first major biography of Jenner by a friend and associate of many years and still the main source of information on the medical scientist. |
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http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1818.html
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| | Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823) |
| | Jenner was someone willing to try new ideas. | | | Jenner took the opportunity to extract some pus from Sarah’s sores and exposed them to James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy, who had no previous experience with either cowpox or smallpox. | | | Did Jenner cross the boundaries of ethics as he used James as an experimental subject? |
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http://dragon.zoo.utoronto.ca/~inx413/Jenner.htm
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| | Edward Jenner: developer of the smallpox vaccine |
| | Jenner freely provided his technique to the medical community and promoted the practice of vaccination, which was adopted in most of the world. | | | For the rest of his life, he performed many scientific experiments, made detailed observations of birds and mammals, wrote medical articles and treated his patients. | | | The medical science known as immunology is based on Jenner’s experiments. |
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http://ma.essortment.com/smallpoxvaccine_rchc.htm
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | The irony is that Jenner gave his cure to the world for free rather than patent it for himself, though doctors could charge their patients for services rendered. | | | Jenner decided to try out a theory he had developed. | | | Edward Jenner was a country doctor who had studied nature and his natural surroundings since childhood. |
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http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/edward_jenner.htm
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | A Glossary of Infectious Diseases, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Vaccination, The Development of Drugs, Paul Ehrlich, Gerhard Domagk, Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, The importance of Penicillin, Factors affecting the development of drugs and treatments. | | | Jenner spent a long time studying the inoculations carried out to prevent Cowpox and decided to experiment. | | | Evidence was produced by some to show that patients given the vaccine later developed smallpox and died. |
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http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/edwardjenner.htm
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| | Edward Jenner & Smallpox |
| | One of the doctors involved with the outbreak was a thirty nine year old practitioner called Edward Jenner. | | | In 1796 Jenner carried out an experiment on one of his patients called James Phipps, an eight year old boy. | | | Unlike his other patients, they did not even produce the symptoms of a mild attack of smallpox. |
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http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/jenner.html
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| | The My Hero Project - Edward Jenner |
| | Jenner had a very inquisitive mind and he conducted many scientific experiments. | | | Read another My Hero story about Dr. Jenner from Tomas of Fredericksburg. | | | He theorized that if a person was purposely infected with the cowpox disease, that person would be immune to smallpox. |
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http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=jenner
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| | EDWARD JENNER - LoveToKnow Article on EDWARD JENNER |
| | After he began practice in Berkeley, Jenner was always accustomed to inquire what his professional brethren thought of it; but he found that, when medical men had noticed the popular report at all, they supposed it to be based on imperfect induction. | | | In 18,0 his eldest son died, and Jenners grief at his loss, and his incessant labors, materially affected his health. |
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http://85.1911encyclopedia.org/J/JE/JENNER_EDWARD.htm
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | While working in Berkley Jenner treated patients over a large area, from as far away as Bristol and Gloucester. | | | Edward Jenner was born may 17th 1749 Gloucestershire. | | | Dr Hunter became aware of Jenner's observation and investigation skills. |
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http://www.edward-jenner.com
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| | Smallpox: Vaccination |
| | After repeating the experiment on other children, including his own son, Jenner concluded that vaccination provided immunity to smallpox without the risks of variolation. | | | Although he was a country physician, Edward Jenner had studied with and maintained contact with the leading physicians of his day. | | | Edward Jenner, An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the cow pox (1798). |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox/sp_vaccination.html
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| | May 14 - Edward Jenner's Guinea Pig |
| | One can only wonder how many other little experiments Dr. Jenner performed with less success. | | | Jenner had observed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox. | | | Bobby Darin was aware that he had a congenital heart defect and his early death was due to his decision to have an exceedingly full short life rather than a restricted longer one that might have included playing the Minnesota State Fair this summer. |
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http://www.goatview.com/may14edwardjenner.htm
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| | Edward Jenner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Jenner's continuing work on vaccination prevented his continuing his ordinary medical practice. | | | Edward Jenner FRS (May 17, 1749 – January 26, 1823) was an English country doctor who studied nature and his natural surroundings from childhood and practiced medicine in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England. | | | * Edward Jenner, the man and his work. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner
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| | Edward Jenner - MSN Encarta |
| | Jenner observed, among his patients, that those who had been exposed to the much milder disease cowpox were completely resistant to these inoculations. | | | Smallpox, a major cause of death in the 18th century, was treated in Jenner's time by the often-fatal procedure of inoculating healthy persons with pustule substances from those who had mild cases of the disease. | | | Edward Jenner (1749-1823), British physician, who discovered the vaccine that is used against smallpox and laid the groundwork for the science of immunology. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571002/Edward_Jenner.html
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | Jenner was given the opportunity on the 14 May 1796, when a young milkmaid called Sarah Nelmes came to see him with sores on her hands like blisters. | | | Jenner needed a way of showing that his theory actually worked. | | | Jenner worked in a rural community and most of his patients were farmers or worked on farms with cattle. |
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http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/edwardjenner.html
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| | BBC - History - Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823) |
| | Critics, especially the clergy, claimed it was repulsive and ungodly to inoculate someone with material from a diseased animal. | | | Jenner subsequently proved that having been inoculated with cowpox Phipps was now immune to smallpox. | | | Undaunted, Jenner experimented on several other children, including his own 11-month-old son. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jenner_edward.shtml
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| | Countway Library of Medicine- The vaccination experiments of Benjamin Waterhouse. |
| | The case was Jenner's first vaccination of a human patient. | | | English physician Edward Jenner (1749-1823) discovered that individuals who had contracted cowpox, a mild disease often spread to human beings by contact with the teats and udders of cows, were resistant to smallpox infection, and he came to believe that cowpox matter could be transmitted from one person to another, conferring immunity to smallpox. | | | But the risks associated with this procedure were great: the disease contracted could sometimes be severe, and smallpox could then be further spread among the population. |
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http://www.countway.harvard.edu/rarebooks/exhibits/waterhouse
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| | Edward Jenner - definition of Edward Jenner in Encyclopedia |
| | Edward Jenner (May 17, 1749 - January 26, 1823) was an English country doctor practicing in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England, famous for his work introducing the Smallpox vaccine. | | | In Jenner's time, the practice of smallpox inoculation was commonplace in England. | | | Jenner realised the long-term implications of vaccination, and looked forward to the day when smallpox would no longer be a threat anywhere on earth; his dream eventually reached fruition with the global eradication of smallpox in the late 1970s. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Edward_Jenner
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| | Glossems on Historical Events, Conditions and Movements: Smallpox. |
| | Jenner caused his crowning experiment to take place on May 14th, 1796, I believe London. | | | However, in Great Britain, inoculation was accepted much earlier than when Jenner ran his experiments, as early as 1717. | | | Jenner, after many investigations, came to believe that people who had |
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http://www.blupete.com/Hist/Gloss/Smallpox.htm
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | Edward Jenner - Physician, born 17 May 1749, English doctor who introduced smallpox vaccinations | | | Additional search results provided by HighBeam Research, LLC. | | | His discovery was instrumental in ridding many areas of the world of a dread disease and laid the foundations of modern immunology as a science. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0826167.html
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| | EDWARD JENNER - AUTOGRAPH SENTIMENT SIGNED |
| | Edward Jenner (1749-1823) observed that dairymaids who had contracted cowpox, a relatively benign malady, were immune to later infection by smallpox. | | | Jenner published his findings in Inquiry into the Cause and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae in 1798 in which he announced his discovery of vaccination. | | | Several weeks later, the boy was inoculated with smallpox but did not contract the disease. |
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http://www.galleryofhistory.com/archive/8_2003/scientists/EDWARD_JENNER.htm
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| | Immunology and cytokine ELISPOT assays |
| | Edward Jenner had noticed how milkmaids, who were regularly exposed to cowpox lesions, were not easily susceptible to smallpox. | | | In an experiment which would now be considered a shocking breach of medical ethics, Jenner inoculated an eight-year-old boy with scrapings from cowpox lesions. | | | The study of vaccination was kicked off, and in addition, the field of immunology was revolutionized. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/mech/elispot/cytokine-elispot.html
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| | Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccination |
| | While still an apothecary's apprentice in the late 1760s, Jenner had been intrigued by possible relationships between smallpox, cowpox, and swinepox. | | | By 1780, however, he returned to the idea, as evidenced in the conversation recorded here, and in 1789 he experimented by inoculating his own son, then aged one-and-a-half, with the swine pox, followed by conventional smallpox inoculation. | | | Douglass, a Scotsman and probably an Edinburgh graduate, is best known as the first physician to describe scarlet-fever. |
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http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/nathist/jenner1.html
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| | Jenner, Edward |
| | Jenner observed that people who worked with cattle and contracted cowpox from them never subsequently caught smallpox. | | | In 1798 he published his findings that a child inoculated with cowpox, then two months later with smallpox, did not get smallpox. | | | Smallpox epidemics killed thousands of people until English physician Edward Jenner established this successful source of immunity. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0001808.html
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| | Edward Jenner Collection at Bartleby.com |
| | In the present age of scientific investigation it is remarkable that a disease of so peculiar a nature as the cow-pox … should so long have escaped particular attention. | | | Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Authors > Nonfiction > Harvard Classics > Edward Jenner |
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http://www.bartleby.com/people/Jenner-E.html
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | [1889] Jenner and Vaccination A Strange Chapter of Medical History by Charles Creighton M.D. |
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http://www.whale.to/vaccines/jenner.html
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| | Jenner, Edward - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research |
| | His discovery was instrumental in ridding many areas of the world of a dread disease and laid the foundations of modern immunology as a science. | | | Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years. | | | Jenner, Edward - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research |
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http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1E1:Jenner-E/Jenner,+Edward.html?refid=ip_hf
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | Jenner attended his last lodge meeting July 14, 1822, six months before his death. | | | Edward's nephew, Henry Jenner, was Master for the first two years of the Lodge and later Provincial Grand Master for Bristol. | | | Robert F. Jenner, Edward's son was Master of the Lodge in 1827, 1828, 1847 and 1848, while another nephew, the Rev. G.C. Jenner, was Lodge Secretary and Provincial Grand Chaplain for Bristol. |
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http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/jenner_e/jenner_e.html
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| | Edward Jenner - Compare Prices & Reviews at Smarter |
| | Your use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the Smarter.com Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions | | | Edward Jenner - Compare Prices & Reviews at Smarter |
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http://www.smarter.com/books-1/product/edward_jenner-1915978
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| | Edward Jenner (1749-1823), Discoverer of vaccination |
| | A West Country surgeon, Jenner discovered vaccination against smallpox after testing the country lore that dairymaids, exposed to the mild cowpox virus, did not contract the killer disease. | | | He published his findings in 1798, but it took ten years for the government to accept his discovery. | | | Jenner campaigned vigorously, even encouraging the fashionable 'cowherd' poet Robert Bloomfield to write Good Tidings; or, News From the Farm (1804) to promote vaccination. |
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http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?linkID=mp02418
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| | - SHOP.COM |
| | All other designated trademarks, copyrights and brands are the property of their respective owners. | | | Gaston Melingue Posters Prints - Edward Jenner Performing The First Vaccination Against Smallpox in 1796, 1879 Art Giclee Print - Artist: Gaston Melingue - Poster Size: 18x24 |
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http://www.shop.com/op/aprod-p33686708
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