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| | Dyspnea |
 | | Opioids and benzodiazepines are the mainstays of palliative therapy for dyspnea. | | | Traditional medical therapy for dyspnea focuses almost exclusively on altering physiology in the lungs and elsewhere (heart and kidneys). | | | Studies have been mixed in testing the relief of rest dyspnea associated with hypoxia with oxygen therapy. |
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http://www.mywhatever.com/cifwriter/library/70/4942.html
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| | Dyspnea sensation of breathlessnes cardiopulmonary disease |
| | Dyspnea seems to occur most commonly when afferent input from peripheral receptors is enhanced or when cortical perception of respiratory work is excessive. | | | Consequently, assessment of the subjective sensation of dyspnea must balance the concepts of physiologic work and ventilatory demand with the individual’s perception of breathlessness. | | | This chapter provides an overview of basic concepts on the mechanisms of dyspnea, lists those disease states in which the complaint is encountered, gives a diagnostic pathway for the evaluation of the complaint, and concludes with treatment options. |
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http://www.nlhep.org/books/pul_Pre/dyspnea.html
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| | SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT---DYSPNEA |
| | Since dyspnea is a common symptom in individuals with advanced cancer, an aggressive approach to the management of dyspnea at all stages of the individual's life with cancer promotes his/her quality of life. | | | Dyspnea is a common problem in oncology and over 70% are estimated to experience dyspnea in the last six weeks of life. | | | The sensation of dyspnea has been shown to be affected by changes in air flow in the mose and mouth, stimulation of the trigeminal nerve and changes in the airway pressure gradients. |
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http://cahn.mnsu.edu/cancerupdate/_disc9/0000001d.htm
(1086 words)
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| | Dyspnea |
| | Provide the center with feedback regarding the movement of the thorax and relative to the drive to move the thorax (breath) may relate to the development of dyspnea. | | | It is felt that both contextual and behavioral influences play an important role in the degree of dyspnea. | | | In addition, there is a widely varying degree of dyspnea for similar degrees of lung or heart disease across individuals. |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/elective/pulmonary/dyspnea/dysp.htm
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| | Shortness of breath |
| | Patients describe dyspnea variously as unpleasant shortness of breath, a feeling of increased effort or tiredness in moving the chest muscles, a panicky feeling of being smothered, or a sense of tightness or cramping in the chest wall. | | | Neuromuscular disorders cause dyspnea from progressive deterioration of the patient's chest muscles. | | | Anxiety attacks sometimes cause acute dyspnea; they may or may not be associated with chest pain. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/shortness_of_breath.jsp
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| | TREATING SYMPTOMS AT THE END OF LIFE |
| | Dyspnea researchers are far behind pain researchers in investigating the role of opioid receptors in treatment of dyspnea, but this avenue has considerable promise. | | | Specifically, the nation’s research establishment was encouraged to strengthen the knowledge base of end-of-life care, to advance basic and clinical research on the physiological mechanisms and treatments of symptoms common during the end of life. | | | Consequently, dyspnea can be reduced by interventions that reduce central respiratory drive (e.g., oxygen, opiates), improve the effectiveness of CO elimination (e.g., altering breathing pattern), or reduce metabolic load (e.g., exercise training, oxygen). |
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http://ninr.nih.gov/ninr/wnew/symptoms_in_terminal_illness.html
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| | PCCU Volume 16 |
| | Exercise training decreases dyspnea and the distress and anxiety associated with it: monitoring alone may be as effective as coaching. | | | Dyspnea is experienced in the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for sensory perception. | | | The key concept in understanding the mechanism of dyspnea is that it does not occur just because there is active chest movement (as in voluntary hyperventilation), but it requires stimulation of the respiratory center as occurs with, hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis, or exercise. |
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http://www.chestnet.org/education/online/pccu/vol16/lessons5_6/lesson05.php
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| | Usefulness of the modified 0-10 Borg scale in assessing the degree of dyspnea in patients with COPD and asthma |
| | In sharp contrast, if a patient comes to the emergency department with chest or abdominal pain, the patient is often asked to rate his or her pain on a scale of 1 to 10. | | | All study patients with acute bronchospasm were able to use the MBS to rate their perception of severity of dyspnea. | | | For this reason, we added it to the triage assessment practice and included it in all post treatment assessment notes on patients with exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were seen in the emergency department and urgent care clinic. |
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http://www.ac6v.com/karlaz2.htm
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| | Dyspnea and Pain: Similarities and Contrasts Between Two Very Unpleasant Sensations |
| | Although dyspnea and pain are distinctly different sensations, the analogy of pain has informed our approach to the study of dyspnea. | | | Despite the high prevalence of simultaneous pain and dyspnea in patients, there is only one study of the interaction between the perception of pain and the perception of dyspnea. | | | Neural substrates for the perception of acutely induced dyspnea. |
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http://www.ampainsoc.org/pub/bulletin/mar01/upda1.htm
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| | An approach to dyspnea in advanced disease |
| | Evidence does not support use of oxygen for every patient experiencing dyspnea; it should be tried for patients who do not benefit from first-line medications and nonmedicinal therapies. | | | A visual analogue scale for dyspnea, where 0 is no shortness of breath and 10 is the worst dyspnea ever, can be used to measure severity and assess the effectiveness of therapy. | | | His dyspnea is ongoing despite maximal cardiac and pulmonary therapy, and he spends much of his day hunched over his bedside table. |
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http://www.cfpc.ca/cfp/2003/Dec/vol49-dec-cme-1.asp
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 63, Approach To The Pulmonary Patient |
| | Patients with restrictive dyspnea (eg, due to pulmonary fibrosis or chest deformities) are usually comfortable at rest but intensely dyspneic when exertion causes pulmonary ventilation to approach their greatly limited breathing capacity. | | | In paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, the patient awakens gasping and must sit or stand to get his breath; the experience may be dramatic and terrifying. | | | Afferent impulses to the brain that generate the sensation of dyspnea come from many different sites, such as the lungs, articulations of the rib cage, and the respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. |
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http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section6/chapter63/63c.jsp
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| | Untitled Document |
| | A study that correlates pulmonary function testing with cadiopulmonary exercise tests in the explanation of dyspnea. | | | In addition, a physical examination, a chest radiograph, and measurements of pulmonary mechanics are usually required to make a clinical diagnosis. | | | It is not a clinical observation, nor does it relate directly to any physiological or laboratory test. |
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http://www.lungcancerfrontiers.org/books/card_dyspnea/mechanisms-dyspnea.html
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| | eMedicine - Heart Failure : Article by Michael E Zevitz, MD |
| | This early symptom of CHF may be defined as dyspnea that develops in the recumbent position and is relieved with elevation of the head with pillows. | | | The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification of Heart Failure (see Staging), which varies slightly from the above categorization of CHF symptoms, is widely used in practice and in clinical studies to quantify clinical assessment of CHF. | | | On chest auscultation, the bronchospasm associated with a CHF exacerbation can be difficult to distinguish from an acute asthma exacerbation, although other clues from the cardiovascular examination should lead the examiner to the correct diagnosis. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3552.htm
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| | NEJM -- Pathophysiology of Dyspnea |
| | MOY, M. L., LANTIN, M. L., HARVER, A., SCHWARTZSTEIN, R. M. Language of Dyspnea in Assessment of Patients with Acute Asthma Treated with Nebulized Albuterol. | | | Dyspnea differs from other sensations in that the neural pathways | | | PEIFFER, C., POLINE, J.-B., THIVARD, L., AUBIER, M., SAMSON, Y. Neural Substrates for the Perception of Acutely Induced Dyspnea. |
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http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/333/23/1547
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| | Dyspnea Perception System |
| | These investigators reported in the New England Journal Of Medicine in 1994 a striking lack of dyspnea sensations in a group of asthmatic patients who had near-fatal asthma attacks. | | | This can vary from mild unawareness of little consequence, to severe impairment, this to the point of being unable to detect severe dyspnea signals due to developing serious disease conditions. | | | In recent years there has been a worldwide alarming increase in the incidence of Asthmatic deaths, despite the fact that much more is now known about Asthma, and many potent Asthma medications are now available. |
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http://www.sierrabiotech.com/dps.htm
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| | eMedicine - Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema : Article by Shamai Grossman, MD, MS |
| | Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)—Recent data comparing nasal CPAP therapy and facemask ventilation therapy have demonstrated decreased need for intubation rates when these modalities are used. | | | This study found sensitivities of 90% with specificities of 76%. | | | -- Growing data suggest that Human B-type natriuretic peptides such as Nesiritide may be effective in reducing pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improving dyspnea in patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic108.htm
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| | Dyspnea RG |
| | Physical exam: Assess respiratory rate, technique of breathing (i.e., pursed lip, accessory muscle use), lung exam to include auscultation with forced exhalation, cardiac exam clubbing, peripheral edema can be valuable in ascertaining etiology of dyspnea. | | | This symptom complex can be approached with more reassurance and primary care follow-up. | | | Consider for chronic dyspnea: Airways disease, lung parenchymal disease, pneumonia, pulmonary vascular disease, pleural process, chest wall abnormality, anemia, deconditioning, cardiac disease, thyroid disease or neuromuscular process. |
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http://www.mamc.amedd.army.mil/Referral/dyspnea.htm
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| | Dyspnea at End-of-Life |
| | Treatment w/ Opioids is the drug of choice for dyspnea. | | | Author(s): Weissman, D.E. Few problems cause as much distress for patients, families and the care team, as the management of dyspnea at end-of-life. | | | Effects of oxygen on dyspnea in hypoxamic terminal cancer patients. |
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http://www.mywhatever.com/cifwriter/library/eperc/fastfact/ff27.html
(653 words)
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| | Dyspnea |
| | Physical examination: perform a physical exam to establish the diagnosis of a patient with dyspnea. | | | What is meant by the term "dyspnea" and how patients describe this sense of shortness of breath. | | | chronic from acute dyspnea and list specific/common causes of each |
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http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/MEDICINE/medclerk/op/case5.htm
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| | Dyspnea |
| | Hawthorn Berry Heart Syrup: Dr. Christopher's Hawthorn Berry Syrup: is for dyspnea. | | | [SNH p.100] See more dosages for dyspnea using garlic syrup. | | | See formula for garlic syrup using garlic, apple cider vinegar and sugar. |
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http://www.herballegacy.com/id74.htm
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