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| | CIN - Pontifical Council for the Family - Should 'soft' drugs be legalized? January 17, 1997 |
 | | Because drug dependence among young people is due to the weakness of our educational system, it is not apparent how the legalization of these substances promotes greater control of them by young people and, above all, how could it help them understand what they are seeking through these substances. | | | In this note we wish to face the dilemma mainly from the point of view of the individual and his family, because we must not forget that "the human person, unique and unrepeatable, with his or her own interior life and specific personality, is really at the centre of the problem of drug dependence". | | | Lastly, the problem of drug dependence should rightly be extended to include many substances (tranquillizers, sedatives, anti-depressants, stimulants) that are not considered "drugs", including tobacco and alcohol.[4] In fact the problem is posed in terms different from those which are merely biochemical. |
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http://www.cin.org/vatcong/softdrug.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Drug abuse and dependence |
| | Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. | | | Drug dependence (addiction) is compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug abuse is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. | | | Drug dependence may also follow the use of drugs for physical pain relief, though this is rare in people without a previous history of addiction. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001522.htm
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| | Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls |
| | Given that early initiation of use may be associated with increased risks both for progressing to the use of other drugs and for developing drug abuse/dependence, there is a need for greater physician awareness of those risks associated with early use. | | | The examination of other drug use and drug abuse/dependence in twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use provides a powerful test of the hypothesis that the association between early cannabis use and later outcomes can be explained by common predisposing genetic and/or shared environmental risk factors. | | | The first 2 columns of Table 2 show estimates of the lifetime prevalence of drug use and drug abuse/dependence for those initiating cannabis use before age 17 years and for their co-twins (who either reported no lifetime cannabis use or who reported initiating cannabis use at age 17 years or older). |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/fr/827309/posts
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| | Trick or Treatment - Teen drug programs turn curious teens into crackheads. By Maia Szalavitz |
| | This natural recovery process is seen in statistics from the annual federal household survey of drug use, which, for example, find that while 18.4 percent of the population ages 18-24 in 2001 qualified for a diagnosis of alcohol or other drug abuse or dependence, only 5.4 percent of those over 26 meet these criteria. | | | Group therapy during such treatment invariably involves discussions of their drug experiences—which only makes the hard-drug users seem "cooler" because their stories are so much more exciting. | | | But his $11,000 one-month treatment program degenerated into a fruitless debate when his counselor wanted him to admit that he was "powerless" over drugs. |
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http://slate.msn.com/id/2076329
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| | DrugInfo Clearinghouse (ADF) - Drug facts - Cannabis |
| | Dependence on a drug can be psychological, physical or both. | | | Cannabis is a drug that comes from the | | | The body is used to functioning with the drug present. |
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http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/article.asp?ContentID=cannabis
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| | PDX NORML Marijuana and the Brain Part II |
| | The effect the drugs had on motor behavior was observed daily, and at the end of the study the rats were "sacrificed" (killed) and the density of the receptor sites in various areas of their brains was determined. | | | Drugs that affect dopamine production produce addiction because the human brain is genetically conditioned to adjust behavior to maximize dopamine production. | | | Dispositional tolerance is produced by changes in the way the body absorbs a drug. |
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http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/180/brain2.html
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| | Drugs And Drug Abuse |
| | The property of a drug that can cause a psychological or physical dependence. | | | This condition is brought on by the use of certain drugs. | | | If you have a friend who is using drugs of any type, talk to him or her and let them know you care about what may happen to their life because of their actions. |
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http://www.members.tripod.com/Howtuz/drugs.html
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| | Prescription Drug Use and Abuse |
| | Young says that physical dependence, which is sometimes unavoidable, develops when an individual is exposed to a drug at a high enough dose for long enough that the body adapts and develops a tolerance for the drug. | | | Used to treat pain, opioids are the most commonly abused prescription drugs. | | | A drug program in prison helped her beat addiction and taught her to cope with the triggers or life stressors that pushed her down the path to drug abuse. |
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http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/501_drug.html
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| | 189101.txt |
| | Questions about heavy use of drugs and alcohol are intended to measure dependence and need for treatment, and arrestees are also asked about their experiences with treatment for drugs and mental health problems. | | | Because the type of drug or drugs ingested varies and use patterns also vary, some users are more vulnerable than others to addiction. | | | When questions about drug acquisition were field tested in focus groups of arrestees, the answers confirmed what ethnographers have often reported (e.g., Williams 1992): A substantial portion of the drug trade at the street level consists of combinations of goods and services exchanged in addition to or in place of cash. |
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http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/189101.txt
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| | A Contemporary History of Ibogaine in the United States and Europe |
| | Cures-not-Wars and like-minded counterculture ibogaine activists contend that ibogaine is a victim of the "Drug War" mentality, which has impeded the development of an effective treatment for chemical dependence because of its status as a scheduled drug and a hallucinogen. | | | Issues of potential interest from an African-American perspective involved the community impact of the drug problem, and the ethical and outreach aspects of clinical research in the community, to the Afrocentric theme of the retrieval of a "lost" traditional medicine. | | | The Junkiebond was effective in advocating for the involvement of drug users in policy making and improving the accuracy of their image in the media. |
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http://www.ibogaine.org/history.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Drug abuse and dependence |
| | Physical dependence on a substance (needing a drug to function) is not necessary or sufficient to define addiction. | | | Drug dependence (addiction) is compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences which can be severe; drug abuse is simply excessive use of a drug or use of a drug for purposes for which it was not medically intended. | | | Drug intoxication and drug overdose may be accidental or intentional. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001522.htm
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| | Drug Law Reform Policy - Towards a Harm Reduction Model for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs - Green Party |
| | Place tighter controls on the highly addictive classes of drugs, and work with doctors and the wide community to educate them on safer alternatives and the risks of dependence. | | | The Greens use the term "harm reduction" to mean a policy or program directed towards reducing the adverse health, social and economic consequences of drug use to the community and to the individual user. | | | Require Pharmac to take a lead role in seeking to reduce the inappropriate prescribing of drugs such as anti-depressants, through nation-wide education campaigns, and working with doctors and pharmacies. |
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http://www.greens.org.nz/searchdocs/policy4749.html
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| | NIH Guide: WOMEN, GENDER DIFFERENCES AND DRUG ABUSE |
| | Mechanisms and Origins: Gender differences in the basic behavioral, biological, and genetic mechanisms underlying drug abuse and dependence; and preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of gender differences in the determinants of initiation, progression, and maintenance of drug use and dependence. | | | Depression, conduct disorder, physical and sexual abuse, prenatal drug exposure and family dysfunction are among the variables differentially predictive of drug use, abuse, and dependence in males and females. | | | Accumulating epidemiological and clinical research indicates that the predictors and progression to drug abuse and dependence are often gender- specific or are gender-sensitive. |
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http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-139.html
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| | treatment center at Med Pro drug rehab facility |
| | As the Clinical Director of Med Pro Treatment Centers, I take pride in directing a comprehensive treatment approach to combat the devastation of alcohol and drug dependence to individuals and their families. | | | As a primary therapist with Med Pro Treatment Centers, I bring over 8 years of experience providing various clinical counseling for individuals, adolescents and their families. | | | I have extensive experience working with high-risk youth and families with histories of abuse, both physical and emotional. |
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http://www.drug-treatment-medpro.com/treatment-center.html
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| | Is Recreational Drug Use Normal? |
| | The first symptoms of drug abuse typically occurred within two to three years after beginning illicit drug use and the median duration of a case of drug abuse/dependence was four to five years. | | | On the other hand, many others see drug use as behavior that is not a moral issue but rather a matter of individual choice or as a morally acceptable choice. | | | Drugs are not used for unique reasons which are specific only to drugs, nor are they used predominantly for pathological reasons. |
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http://www.webspawner.com/users/recrfeationaldruguse
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| | Drug Rehabs Treatment for Teens Alcohol Substance Abuse |
| | An estimated 1.1 million youths ages 12 to 17 meet the diagnostic criteria for dependence on illicit drugs -- a history of regular and chronic use -- and approximately 915,000 are dependent on alcohol. | | | We've been in family therapy for months but Larry continues to drink and use drugs. | | | We hope the information here will help answer some of the questions and concerns of parents with adolescents who are in need of drug rehab, drug treatment centers, substance abuse treatment, drug abuse treatment, alcohol abuse rehabilitation, and treatment for chemical dependency |
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http://www.drugrehabtreatment.com
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| | Drug Rehabs Treatment for Teens Alcohol Substance Abuse |
| | An estimated 1.1 million youths ages 12 to 17 meet the diagnostic criteria for dependence on illicit drugs -- a history of regular and chronic use -- and approximately 915,000 are dependent on alcohol. | | | We've been in family therapy for months but Larry continues to drink and use drugs. | | | We hope the information here will help answer some of the questions and concerns of parents with adolescents who are in need of drug rehab, drug treatment centers, substance abuse treatment, drug abuse treatment, alcohol abuse rehabilitation, and treatment for chemical dependency |
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http://www.drugrehabtreatment.com
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| | Publications of Richard J. Bonnie, L.L.B. |
| | "The Uniform Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation Act and Commentary" (with M.R. Sonnenreich) Appendix (Vol. | | | Conference on Utilization of Social Science Research in Drug Policy-Making (sponsored and published by The National Institute on Drug Abuse) (1978). | | | "Reforming United States Drug Control Policy: Three Suggestions," 68 Social Research 863 (2001). |
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http://www.ilppp.virginia.edu/Richard_J_Bonnie_Publications.html
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| | AIMS Pharmacovigilance Programme |
| | Spontaneous reporting of all the adverse events, which may include suspected adverse drug reactions, lack of effect, dependence and abuse of allopathic medicines, traditional medicines and biological like vaccines have been made mandatory for documentation in a specified format and further action. | | | AIMS managment has declared mandatory that all the healthcare personnel including doctors, nurses and pharmacists to immediately report all the adverse drug events and/or adverse drug reactions (however trivial they may appear), to the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. | | | The World Health Organization defines pharmacovigilance as the science and activity relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug related problem. |
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http://www.aimshospital.org/pharmacology/pharmacovigilance.html
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| | Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) - Factsheet - Drug Facts |
| | In response to the use of drugs in sexual assaults, Congress passed the Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996 to combat drug-facilitated crimes of violence, including sexual assaults. | | | A Schedule I drug has a high potential for abuse, is not currently accepted for medical use in treatment in the United States, and lacks accepted safety for use under medical supervision. | | | A Schedule III Controlled Substance has less potential for abuse than Schedule I and II categories, is currently accepted for medical use in treatment in the United States, and may lead to moderate or low physical dependence. |
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http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/gamma/index.html
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| | Hexapedia - Drug abuse |
| | Drug abuse is the irresponsible use of psychoactive drugs, most often referring to those who have developed a dependence on drug use due to drug addiction. | | | Fortunately, since the two most harmful and abused drugs are still legal in most countries (alcohol and tobacco), workable models for responsible use, and addiction recovery can be designed and built. | | | Hard drugs (such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and alcohol) are the most likely to be abused due to their addictive nature, and can be difficult to use responsibly. |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/drug_abuse
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| | STATS |
| | Anyone who takes drugs that produce physical dependence for long enough will become dependent; but that person is not addicted unless the drug produces craving despite negative life consequences. | | | Also false is the idea that someone who is addicted to one drug will automatically not be able to handle any psychoactive substance — or will become compulsive about eating or sex if she kicks drugs. | | | Right now, the media is claiming that methamphetamine is the most addictive and dangerous drug — and that recovery from it is much more difficult than from other drugs. |
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http://www.stats.org/issuerecord.jsp?issue=true&ID=8
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| | Common Illegal Drugs |
| | Long-term users of cannabis may develop psychological dependence and require more of the drug to get the same effect. | | | Babies born to mothers who abuse depressants may also be physically dependent on the drugs and show withdrawal symptoms shortly after they are born. | | | The combination of depressants and alcohol can multiply the effects of the drugs, increasing the risks. |
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http://www.drugfreeschools.com/drugs.html
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| | Drug Development Technology - Acomplia (Rimonabant) - Investigational Agent for the Management of Obesity |
| | The drug also has potential as a treatment for smoking cessation because the endocannabinoid system is also involved in the body's response to tobacco dependence. | | | In the prevailing market there is a clear opportunity for an effective and well tolerated antiobesity drug. | | | The promising preclinical findings with Acomplia (rimonabant) have been confirmed in a series of clinical studies, including pivotal phase III trials involving over 6,000 obese subjects that were carried out in both the US and Europe. |
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http://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/rimonabant
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| | Bulletin EU 12-1996 (en): I.9 |
| | Parliament and Council Decision No 102/97/EC adopting a programme of Community action on the prevention of drug dependence within the framework for action in the field of public health (1996-2000): point 1.3.226 of this Bulletin | | | development by the Council and the Commission of the contribution which research activities can make in addressing the medical, socio-economic and detection aspects of drug abuse; | | | Joint Action 96/750/JAI adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the approximation of the laws and practices of the Member States to combat drug addiction and to prevent and combat illegal drug trafficking: point 1.5.10 of this Bulletin |
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http://europa.eu.int/abc/doc/off/bull/en/9612/i1009.htm
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| | BBC NEWS Health Epilepsy drug may treat alcoholism |
| | A drug used to treat epilepsy could be an effective future treatment for alcohol dependence, research suggests. | | | All the volunteers received behaviour therapy for three months, but some were given topiramate, and others a dummy drug. | | | US researchers found that heavy drinkers given the drug topiramate alongside standard behavioural therapy reduced their alcohol consumption. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3028007.stm
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| | Drug Modules: Marijuana/Cannabis |
| | Dependence is characterized by compulsive use (generally without physiological dependence); use is continued despite knowledge of physical problems or psychological problems associated with that use. | | | There is some evidence that cannabis can relieve the nausea associated with chemotherapy, prevent blindness induced by glaucoma, serve as an appetite stimulant for AIDS patients, act as an anti-epileptic, ward off asthma attacks and migraine headaches, control chronic pain, and reduce muscle spasticity that accompanies multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and paraplegia. | | | It has been described as much like the delirium of a high fever in which the patient is disoriented, confused, troubled by visual and auditory hallucinations, and experiences feelings of depersonalization and derealization. |
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http://www.toad.net/~arcturus/dd/marijuan.htm
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| | Community Resources - Cough Syrup Abuse |
| | Long-term syrup abuse can also lead to physical dependence, accompanied by severe mental and physical disturbances when the drug is withdrawn. | | | DXM, like LSD and PCP, is a psychedelic, dissociative drug. | | | Abuse of syrup with codeine, hydrocodone or DXM may result in tolerance for the drug, meaning users need higher doses of the drug to achieve the original effects. |
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http://www.oronopolice.org/community_resources/cough_syrup.htm
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| | Alcohol and Tobacco |
| | NIAAA Director Enoch Gordis, M.D. Alcohol and tobacco are frequently used together, may share certain brain pathways underlying dependence, and because of their numerous social and health-related consequences, are a continuing source of national public policy debate. | | | A survey of persons treated for alcoholism and other drug addictions revealed that 222 of 845 subjects had died over a 12-year period; one-third of these deaths were attributed to alcohol-related causes, and one-half were related to smoking (1). | | | Concurrent use of these drugs poses a significant public health threat. |
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http://www.athealth.com/Practitioner/ceduc/alc_tob.html
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