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Topic: Cyclooxygenase 2<

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Clinical Trial: Cyclooxygenaseb> Levels Following Surgery to Remove Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth)

Cyclooxygenaseb> is thought to contribute to pain that normally follows tissue injury or surgery.
These tissue samples will be analyzed for cyclooxygenaseb> levels.
NSAIDs directly inhibit cyclooxygenaseb> [COX], which leads to reduction of prostaglandin synthesis but also to gastric erosions, inhibition of platelet aggregation and nephrotoxicity.

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00006175 (769 words)



Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Efficacy and toxicity of indomethacin and other cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitor drugs have been explored extensively and many variations in dosage regimens have been reported in the literature (Yanowitz 1998; Ng 1997; Patel 2000; Van Overmeire 2000).
Early closure of the ductus arteriosus may be achieved pharmacologically using cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors, or by surgery.
The reviewers were surprised at the paucity of trials comparing surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors for symptomatic PDA in preterm infants.

http://www.nichd.nih.gov/cochrane/Malviya/MALVIYA.HTM (5703 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb> Isoenzymes and Newer Therapeutic Potential for Selective COX-2 Inhibitors

Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX), the enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of cyclic endoperoxides from arachidonic acid to form prostaglandins (PG), was isolated in 1976 and cloned in 1988 (1).This membrane-bound hemo- and glycoprotein has a molecular weight of 71 kDa, and is found in the greatest amounts in the endoplasmic reticulum of prostanoid forming cells (2).
Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase, is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that was first identified over 20 years ago.
Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 expression is increased in frontal cortex of Alzheimer 's disease brain.

http://www.prous.com/journals/mf/sample/html/mf220291/mf220291.html (3760 words)



Malignant Transformation and Antineoplastic Actions of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Cyclooxygenaseb>-null Embryo Fibroblasts -- Zhang et al. 190 (4): 451 -- The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Northern blot analysis of cyclooxygenaseb> mRNA levels in embryo fibroblasts upon TPA stimulation.
of cyclooxygenaseb> is not the only mechanism responsible for
antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are inhibitors of cyclooxygenases

http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/full/190/4/451 (5938 words)



Chem406: Amanda Bruce - Cyclooxygenaseb>

In contrast, COX-2 is only made under certain conditions and leads to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins triggering pain and inflammatory responses.
The demand for NSAIDs without the negative side effects associated with aspirin has prompted researchers to explore the differences between the two isoforms in an attempt to develop drugs with COX-2 specificity.
Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofin all belong to a class of drugs called non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which act on the cyclooxygenaseb> portion of the enzyme prostaglandin synthase.

http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Webpapers_F98/bruce/bruce.html (226 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors

The guidance will be reviewed in the light of new evidence in May 2004.
Practice Guideline [Publication Type]; Great Britain; Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors / therapeutic use; Arthritis / drug therapy; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use;
Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors / adverse effects; Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors / therapeutic use

http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D016861.html (395 words)



JAMA -- Abstract: Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated With Selective COX-2 Inhibitors, August 22, 2001, Mukherjee et al. 286 (8): 954

Over-the-Counter Pain Reliever and Aspirin Use Within a Sample of Long-term Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 Users
Efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenaseb> 2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery
Cyclooxygenases: new forms, new inhibitors, and lessons from the clinic

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/286/8/954 (1782 words)



How NSAIDs Work

The two forms of cyclooxygenaseb> have equal molecular weights and are very similar in structure (Table 2).
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work by interfering with the cyclooxygenaseb> pathway (Figure 3).
Perhaps acetaminophen is more specific to a third form of cyclooxygenaseb>, a COX-3, which exists in the brain (35), accounting for the drugs analgesic and antipyretic abilities.

http://elfstrom.com/arthritis/nsaids/actions.html (952 words)



Full Text: Pros and Cons of Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 versus Dual Lipoxygenase/Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibition: Is Two Better than One?

Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenaseb> 2 in inflammation and pain.
For example, the discovery of the lipoxygenase pathways in the early 1980s was accompanied by a diminished interest in the "classic" prostaglandins, leading to the development of selective lipoxygenase inhibitors as well as "dual" lipoxygenase/ cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors.
Selectivity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenaseb>.

http://www.jrheum.com/subscribers/01/11/2375.html (5249 words)



Interpreting the clinical significance of the differential inhibition of cyclooxygenaseb>-1 and cyclooxygenaseb>-2 -- Brooks et al. 38 (8): 779 -- Rheumatology

Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenaseb> 2 in inflammation and pain.
In-situ detection and quantification of cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) 1 and 2 mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OA (OA) synovium.
Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the cyclooxygenaseb> activity of human blood prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases.

http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/38/8/779 (5284 words)



eMedicine - Cyclooxygenaseb> Deficiency : Article by John R Witherow, MD

Synonyms and related keywords: cyclooxygenaseb> deficiency, COX deficiency, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase deficiency, PTGS deficiency, fatty acid cyclooxygenaseb> deficiency, prostaglandin H synthase deficiency, PGH synthase deficiency, EC 1.14.99.1 deficiency, eicosanoid, seminal fluid, COX inhibition, COX-1, PTGS-1,COX-2, PTGS-2
Fuse I, Hattori A, Nagayama R: Characterization of platelet cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization in patients with congenital cyclo-oxygenase deficiency and with defective platelet aggregation to A23187.
Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, PGH synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1, is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production.

http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3096.htm (3454 words)



Localization of Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 in Human Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas -- Chapple et al. 156 (2): 545 -- American Journal of Pathology

S. GESPACH, and S. Activation of cellular invasion by trefoil peptides and src is mediated by cyclooxygenaseb>- and thromboxane A2 receptor-dependent signaling pathways
Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 Expression and Molecular Alterations in Peutz-Jeghers Hamartomas and Carcinomas
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage cyclooxygenaseb> 2 expression in colonic adenoma

http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/content/abstract/156/2/545 (1443 words)



Do Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 Inhibitors Provide Benefits Similar to Those of Traditional Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, with Less Gastrointestinal Toxicity? -- Feldman and McMahon 132 (2): 134 -- Annals of Internal Medicine

Induction of cyclooxygenaseb> 2 in gastric mucosal lesions and its inhibition by the specific antagonist delays healing in mice.
Preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of SC-58635, a novel cyclooxygenaseb> 2 inhibitor: efficacy and safety in two placebo-controlled trials in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and studies of gastrointestinal and platelet effects.
A human whole blood assay for clinical evaluation of biochemical efficacy of cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors.

http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/132/2/134 (1443 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2-Selective Inhibitors: Translating Pharmacology into Clinical Utility

Cyclooxygenases - Part 3: Cyclooxygenaseb>-2-Selective Inhibitors: Translating Pharmacology into Clinical Utility
Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors - Part 4: Cyclooxygenaseb>-2-Selective Inhibitors: Translating Pharmacology into Clinical Utility
Together with the lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) enzymes play a key role in inflammation, pain, and other biologic processes.

http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1543.html (1443 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-independent actions of cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors -- TEGEDER et al. 15 (12): 2057 -- The FASEB Journal

Cyclooxygenaseb>-independent actions of cyclooxygenaseb> inhibitors -- TEGEDER et al.
Pasinetti, G. (1998) Cyclooxygenaseb> and inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: experimental approaches and clinical interventions.
does not inhibit cyclooxygenaseb> activity and is not epimerized

http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/15/12/2057 (6168 words)



The Molecular Perspective: Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 -- Goodsell 5 (2): 169 -- The Oncologist

The cyclooxygenaseb> active site, which performs the first reaction in prostaglandin synthesis, is found deep within a pocket that opens into the membrane, allowing easy access to insoluble arachidonic acid.
This glues the drug in place, effectively blocking
In the illustration at right, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecule indomethacin is shown in green bound inside the pocket.

http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/5/2/169 (675 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 Expression in Human Esophageal Carcinoma -- Zimmermann et al. 59 (1): 198 -- Cancer Research

Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 Inhibitor as a Potential Chemopreventive to UV-Induced Skin Cancer: A Study in the Hairless Mouse Model
Expression of cyclooxygenaseb> 2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, and EP receptors is increased in rat oesophageal squamous cell dysplasia and Barrett's metaplasia induced by duodenal contents reflux
Expression of Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 (COX-2) in Human Glioma and in Vitro Inhibition by a Specific COX-2 Inhibitor, NS-398

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/1/198 (2978 words)



Autocrine/Paracrine Prostaglandin E2 Production by Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and CD44 in Cyclooxygenaseb>-2-dependent Invasion -- Dohadwala et al. 277 (52): 50828 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry

The abbreviations used are: COX, cyclooxygenaseb>; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NSCLC, nonsmall cell lung cancer; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; dmPGE2, 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2; IL, interleukin; SFM, serum-free medium.
In order to define the pathways responsible for COX-2-dependent induction of MMP-2, we determined the level of tumor MMP-2
COX-2 is known to be up-regulated in response

http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/277/52/50828 (2978 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 in the Kidney -- HARRIS 11 (12): 2387 -- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Blume C, Heise G, Muhlfeld A, Bach D, Schror K, Gerhardz CD, Grabensee B, Heering P: Effect of flosulide, a selective cyclooxygenaseb> 2 inhibitor, on passive Heymann nephritis in the rat.
1, sham; 2, 1 wk after ablation; 3, 2 wk after ablation; 4, 3 wk after ablation.
Harris RC, Badr KF: Recovery of prostaglandin synthesis in rat glomerular mesangial cells after aspirin inhibition: Induction of cyclooxygenaseb> activity by serum and epidermal growth factor.

http://www.jasn.org/cgi/content/full/11/12/2387 (2978 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2---10 Years Later -- Hinz and Brune 300 (2): 367 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics

Cyclooxygenaseb>-2---10 Years Later -- Hinz and Brune 300 (2): 367 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics
Crofford LJ, Oates JC, McCune WJ, Gupta S, Kaplan MJ, Catella-Lawson F, Morrow JD, McDonagh KT and Schmaier AH (2000) Thrombosis in patients with connective tissue diseases treated with specific cyclooxygenaseb> 2 inhibitors.
Fu S, Ramanujam KS, Wong A, Fantry GT, Drachenberg CB, James SP, Meltzer SJ and Wilson KT (1999) Increased expression and cellular localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenaseb> 2 in Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/300/2/367 (2978 words)



Molecular Pathology of Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 in Cancer-induced Angiogenesis -- Fosslien 31 (4): 325 -- Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science

Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX-2), prostaglandin (PG), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß are involved in vascular development and vascular pathology from vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, to atherosclerosis and cancer.
Cyclooxygenaseb> and carcinogenesis Transgenic overexpression of either COX-1 or COX-2 can transform
expressed in all but 2 of 28 primary skin melanomas (16 showing

http://www.annclinlabsci.org/cgi/content/full/31/4/325 (2978 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb> in biology and disease -- Dubois et al. 12 (12): 1063 -- The FASEB Journal

Spangler, R. (1996) Cyclooxygenaseb> 1 and 2 in rheumatic disease: implications for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.
Yamamoto, T., and Nozaki-Taguchi, N. (1996) Analysis of the effects of cyclooxygenaseb> (COX)-1 and COX-2 in spinal nociceptive transmission using indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, and NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor.
Cyclooxygenaseb> in biology and disease -- Dubois et al.

http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/12/12/1063 (7609 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) is an enzyme (EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids (including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane).
, and a cyclooxygenaseb> site, where arachidonic acid is converted into the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G
Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain; this is the method of action of well-known drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclooxygenase (680 words)



Effects of Specific Inhibition of Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 on Sodium Balance, Hemodynamics, and Vasoactive Eicosanoids -- Catella-Lawson et al. 289 (2): 735 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics

Cyclooxygenaseb> Inhibitors and the Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin
Cyclooxygenaseb> Isozyme Expression and Intimal Hyperplasia in a Rat Model of Balloon Angioplasty
Cyclooxygenaseb> cloning in dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias, and its role in rectal gland Cl secretion

http://www.brjpharmacol.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=jpet&resid=289/2/735 (680 words)



Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activities of Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 Inhibitors -- Masferrer et al. 60 (5): 1306 -- Cancer Research

Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenaseb> 2 expression in patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal cancer
Interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor- and cyclooxygenaseb> 2-mediated pathways and its implications for the chemoprevention of head and neck cancer
Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX)-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Abrogates Activation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Nuclear Factor (NF)-{kappa}B by Suppressing Activation of I-{kappa}B {alpha} Kinase in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Correlation with Suppression of Cyclin D1, COX-2, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/60/5/1306 (2884 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer is Associated with Non-polypoid Growth -- Tsunozaki et al. 32 (5): 167 -- Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

Size- and invasion-dependent increase in cyclooxygenaseb> 2 levels in human colorectal carcinomas.
Up-regulation of cyclooxygenaseb> 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX)-2 indices (COX-2 mRNA/COX-1 mRNA) in 58 specimens of normal colorectal mucosa, 11 polypoid cancers and 58 non-polypoid cancers.

http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/5/167 (2349 words)



Introduction

The reaction catalyzed by cyclooxygenaseb> results in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from their arachadonic acid precursor.
This page will look at the cyclooxygenaseb>/aspirin interaction in depth as aspirin is the only NSAID to covalently modifies cyclooxygenaseb>.
The cyclooxygenaseb> component prostaglandin synthase introduces four oxygen atoms onto the intermediate.

http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Webpapers_F98/bruce/Pages/intro.html (172 words)



National Cancer Institute - Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) Inhibitors

NCI-Sponsored Trials of Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) Inhibitors for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX) inhibitors are compounds that block cyclooxygenaseb> enzymes, which are produced in response to inflammation and by precancerous and cancerous tissues.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation from many medical conditions by inhibiting two different COX enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2.

http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/developments/COX-inhibitors-digest (241 words)



COX1 / Cyclooxygenaseb> 1 antibody [5F6/F4] (ab695) datasheet

Cyclooxygenaseb> (COX), also known as Prostaglandin H2 synthase and Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, is a key enzyme in the of conversion arachidonic acid to Prostaglandin H2.
The discomforts of inflammation such as pain and swelling are largely due to the action of prostaglandins produced by COX-2.
Customer reviews (feedback) regarding COX1 / Cyclooxygenaseb> 1 antibody [5F6/F4]

http://www.abcam.com/?datasheet=695 (754 words)



Cyclooxygenaseb>-2 Expression in Human Esophageal Carcinoma -- Zimmermann et al. 59 (1): 198 -- Cancer Research

Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenaseb> 2 Inhibitor as a Potential Chemopreventive to UV-Induced Skin Cancer: A Study in the Hairless Mouse Model
Expression of cyclooxygenaseb> 2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, and EP receptors is increased in rat oesophageal squamous cell dysplasia and Barrett's metaplasia induced by duodenal contents reflux
The Cyclooxygenaseb> 2-selective Inhibitor NS398 Inhibits Proliferation of Oral Carcinoma Cell Lines by Mechanisms Dependent and Independent of Reduced Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/1/198 (754 words)

Topic: Cyclooxygenase <b>2<

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