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| | cryptosporidium on Encyclopedia.com |
 | | Cryptosporidium muris, a rodent pathogen, recovered from a human in Peru.(Dispatches) | | | Chlorination has no effect on the organism, which protects itself in the form of an oocyst, a tiny encapsulated egglike structure, when not in the intestine of an animal or human, but ozone disinfection has been more successful. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/c1/cryptospor.asp
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| | Cryptosporidium parvum |
| | Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoan parasite that has gained much attention in the last 20 years as a clinically important human pathogen. | | | Presently, the increasing population of immunocompromised persons and the various outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis through infection by water-borne Cryptosporidium oocysts (often in drinking water) have placed an even greater emphasis on this pathogen. | | | However, a combination of pharmacologic and immunologic therapy may be the most effective scenario for combating C. |
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http://www.modares.ac.ir/elearning/Dalimi/Proto/Lectures/week13.htm
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| | TCAW 3/98 The Tedious Hunt for Cryptosporidium |
| | EPA reports that the test is "...highly subjective and dependent on the skill of the analyst..." EPA also reports that mean percent recoveries of 5-44 percent for Giardia cysts and 1-35 percent for Cryptosporidium cysts are common. | | | Where is it found, where did it come from, what are its occurrence and sources, what is the health risk, does it need to be regulated, and if so, how will it be monitored - all were questions that had to be answered by public health officials and lawmakers. | | | The test simply is not easy to perform - looking for Cryptosporidium is like looking for a needle in a haystack. |
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http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/tcaw/98/mar/ted.html
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| | EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > Safe Drinking Water - Guidance for people with severely weakened immune systems |
| | Although data are not sufficient for EPA/CDC to recommend that all severely immunocompromised persons take extra caution with regards to their drinking water, individuals who wish to take extra measures to avoid waterborne Cryptosporidiosis can bring their drinking water to a roiling boil for one minute. | | | Although data are not sufficient for EPA/CDC to recommend that all severely immunocompromised persons take extra caution with regards to their drinking water, individuals who wish to take extra measures to avoid waterborne Cryptosporidiosis can bring their drinking water to a full boil for one minute. | | | Water treated with a point-of-use filter that meets the above criteria may not necessarily be free of organisms smaller than Cryptosporidium that could pose a health hazard for severely immunocompromised individuals. |
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http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/crypto.html
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| | Food Research Institute Briefings: Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora |
| | Further research is also necessary to refine methods for the detection of the other protozoa and to determine conditions necessary to destroy their spores and oocysts. | | | In some protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium, the oocysts are immediately infective to another host while in others, e.g. | | | Person-to-person transfer may occur in families and institutional settings such as daycare facilities. |
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http://www.wisc.edu/fri/briefs/crypto.htm
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| | AWWA Government Affairs |
| | Water utilities should strengthen relationships with health departments, the medical community, regulatory agencies, and organizations representing high-risk populations such as the immunocompromised, organ transplant recipients, and cancer patients. | | | Utilities should strive to achieve finished water turbidity levels of 0.1 nephelometric turbidity units (ntu) and focus on maintaining 100 percent treatment system reliability by using a redundancy of systems for such needs as chemical feed and capacity. | | | Public health officials have the responsibility, knowledge, experience, and direct contacts to best communicate the potential risks posed by Cryptosporidium. |
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http://www.awwa.org/Advocacy/govtaff/whawapap.cfm
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| | Cryptosporidium |
| | This guidance outlines special public health needs and precautions relating to Cryptosporidium for HIV/AIDS, cancer and transplant patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, and people born with a weakened immune system. | | | There are other links to institutes, journals and research foundations. | | | The EPA has jointly issued with the CDC Guidance for People with Severely Weakened Immune Systems. |
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/crypto.html
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| | New York City Water Supply - Pathogen Monitoring |
| | Methods to sample and analyze Cryptosporidium and Giardia have changed and improved since 1992. | | | Since recoveries from one method to the next were improved, results from the different methods may not be comparable. | | | DEP works constantly to improve its monitoring and analytical methods, but there are deficiencies with the current water testing process. |
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http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/dep/html/pathogen.html
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| | Division of Parasitic Diseases - Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet |
| | Cryptosporidium lives in the intestine of infected humans or animals. | | | See your health care provider to discuss anti-retroviral therapy used to improve your immune status. | | | Consult with your health care provider for more information. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/cryptosporidiosis/factsht_cryptosporidiosis.htm
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| | TDL: Latest Tests |
| | Cryptosporidium is now recognised as an important human intestinal disease in most areas of the world. | | | Detection of Cryptosporidium Specific Antigen eliminates common diagnostic problems and subjective interpretation | | | The causative organism, Cryptosporidium spp has been identified in stool specimens of children and adults in many countries. |
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http://www.tdlplc.co.uk/testinfo/lt_crypto.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium |
| | The material collected on the filter is removed and examined using special techniques to find Cryptosporidium oocysts. | | | But, cryptosporidiosis can last longer and become life-threatening in people whose immune systems are weakened by cancer chemotherapy or AIDs. | | | Cryptosporidiosis is the disease humans develop when Cryptosporidium oocysts enter the body through contaminated drinking water or in other ways. |
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http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/Crypto.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium |
| | Additionally, new filter media and flocculents have not been studied to determine their effectiveness in removing Crypto oocysts. | | | Instruct lifeguards and other personnel to monitor the pool area for fecal accidents and behavior that can put others at risk. | | | Cryptosporidium oocysts appear in the stool of infected persons at the onset of symptoms and can continue to be excreted in the stool for several weeks after the symptoms resolve. |
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http://www.lifesaving.com/issues/articles/16cyptosporidium.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Also, SSC produces a better measure of the concentration at a given site at some point in the future, which is what EPA needs for its risk assessment. | | | In the third section we discuss and evaluate an alternative approach to risk analysis proposed by our research group. | | | Probabilistic models can be developed to describe the variability in Cryptosporidium concentrations at specific sites. |
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http://www.orie.cornell.edu/~davidr/epa-risk/risk.doc
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| | Cryptosporidium and Giardia |
| | Investigation of Cryptosporidium clinical isolates and analysis with epidemiological data | | | Alternative Methods for the Recovery of Cryptosporidium from Water | | | Fate of Cryptosporidium during Sewage and Sludge Treatment (EHA 9036). |
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http://www.fwr.org/cryptgia.htm
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| | Tufts Veterinary School scientists decode Cryptosporidium genome |
| | The Cryptosporidium pathogen, which can be found in the feces of both humans and animals, is difficult to work with, thereby impeding the efforts of investigators to conduct laboratory investigations and develop appropriate therapies. | | | Cryptosporidium hominis is a highly contagious parasite that lives in the intestines of infected humans. | | | While healthy people usually overcome illnesses caused by the organism, it can be life threatening to malnourished children and people whose immune systems have been compromised because of cancer, AIDS, etc. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-10/tu-tvs102804.php
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| | Ultraviolet -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Recently it was discovered that ultraviolet radiation could treat (Click link for more info and facts about Cryptosporidium) Cryptosporidium, previously unknown. | | | The findings resulted in two and the use of UV radiation as a viable method to treat drinking water. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/u/ul/ultraviolet.htm
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| | Cryptosporidiosis Facts |
| | Infected persons might have small amounts of Cryptosporidium-containing stool on their skin in the genital area. | | | People with HIV infection, cancer and transplant patients taking certain immune-suppressing drugs, and persons with inherited diseases that affect the immune system should talk to their health-care providers about how to avoid cryptosporidiosis. | | | With the help of new techniques to diagnose the infection, however, cases in persons with healthy immune systems are being reported more often. |
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http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/crypto.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cryptosporidium enteritis |
| | Cryptosporidium has recently been recognized as a worldwide cause of diarrhea in all age groups -- yet its major impact has been among individuals with weakened immune systems (including people with HIV or AIDS) and transplant recipients. | | | Currently, the best approach is to improve the immune status in immunodeficient individuals, for example, by using antiviral therapy in patients with AIDS and supportive treatment for symptoms. | | | There is no reliable treatment for cryptosporidium enteritis -- certain agents such as paromomycin, atovaquone, nitazoxanide, and azithromycin are sometimes used but they usually have only temporary effects. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000617.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium |
| | This does not mean that other species of cryptosporidium can not effect birds. | | | However, in many cases the infection is not cured and may come back if the immune status worsens. | | | It simply means that this occurrence has not been shown and it is not yet clear if other species of cryptosporidium effect birds. |
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http://www.avianbiotech.com/Diseases/Cryptosporidium.htm
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| | Defra, UK - Environmental Protection - Water - Water Industry |
| | The Director General will be aware that considerable further research on Cryptosporidium has been undertaken since 1995 when the Badenoch Committee last reported. | | | Decisions are for them on whether to install additional treatment or to modify existing treatment processes to reduce the risk of Cryptosporidium being present in water supplies. | | | There is a background level of cryptosporidiosis in the community which is generally attributed to contact with farm animals, or contact with others who have the disease. |
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http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/industry/waterquality/rtq12.htm
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| | EPA Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule |
| | In the past ten years, however, we have learned that there are specific microbial pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, that are resistant to traditional disinfection practices. | | | In 1993, Cryptosporidium caused 400,000 people in Milwaukee to experience intestinal illness. | | | Decrease the likelihood of endemic (constant low-level presence of a disease or infection) illness from Cryptosporidium by 110,000 to 463,000 cases annually and related health costs, as well as incidences of illness from Giardia and other waterborne pathogens; and |
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http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/mdbp/ieswtr.html
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| | CIEH Research Cryptosporidium |
| | But what you will find below is just a start in two ways: first, though there is much still to learn, the body of knowledge about Cryptosporidium is growing fast and what we have been able to provide here, (what may lie behind the "links" aside), is necessarily only a small part of it. | | | Whereas in the past the website has been used principally to present information about our organisation and its activities, this is our first attempt to put it to use as an on-line source of information on a professional topic. | | | Just as Cryptosporidium in drinking water is a relatively new problem, so this is a new application of the Chartered Institute's website. |
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http://www.cieh.org/research/crypto/index.htm
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| | WA State Department of Health - Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet |
| | Talk to your health care provider about other precautions you may want to take when traveling abroad. | | | Cryptosporidium is a one-celled parasite that can cause a gastrointestinal illness called cryptosporidiosis. | | | Water filters can collect Cryptosporidium and other microorganisms from the water, but may not be as effective as boiling. |
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http://www.doh.wa.gov/Notify/factsheets/cryptosporidiosis.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium & Giardia Lamblia Information |
| | Cryptosporidium parvum was first recognised as a cause of human illness in 1976. | | | Chronic cases of giardiasis in immunodeficient and normal individuals are frequently refractile to drug treatment, and in some immune deficient individuals giardiasis may contribute to a shortening of the life span. | | | Cryptosporidium can be fatal to immuno-surpressed patients, and the current infectious dose (ID50) in healthy people is approximately 150 oocysts, whilst the ID50 for immunocompromised people is believed to be approximately 35 to 50 oocysts, although some documents suggest that the simple ingestion of as little as two oocysts can cause infection. |
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http://www.watermart.com.au/cryptofacts.html
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| | Cryptosporidium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Recently, it has been discovered that the Cryptosporidium reproductive cycle can be inhibited with ultraviolet light, and water treatment based on this is being developed. | | | Cryptosporidium has a spore phase (oocyst) and in this state can survive for lengthy periods outside a host and also resist many common disinfectants, notably chlorine based disinfectants. | | | Because of this resistance, water treatment to eliminate Cryptosporidium generally relies upon coagulation followed by filtration or boiling. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium
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| | [No title] |
| | “Acute Self-Limited Colitis Associated with Cryptosporidium in an Immunocompetent Patient.” J Ped Gastro Nutr, Vol. | | | “Shedding of Oocysts of Cryptosporidium in Immunocompetent Patients.” J Clin Pathol, Vol. | | | Summary Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that is recognized as an important enteric pathogen. |
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http://www.rapidtest.com/Cryptosporidium_8301-3.doc
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| | FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book Cryptosporidium parvum |
| | Cryptosporidium parvum, cause of the disease cryptosporidiosis (KRIP-toe-spo-RID-e-O-sis), is a one-celled, microscopic parasite, and a significant cause of waterborne illness worldwide. | | | The illness was characterized by a prolonged (3-9 days) incubation period and diarrhea, which led public health officials to suspect a parasitic cause of the illness. | | | Following that outbreak, testing for Cryptosporidium in persons with diarrhea increased substantially in some areas of Wisconsin; by August 1, 1993, three of six clinical laboratories in Dane County were testing routinely for Cryptosporidium as part of ova and parasite examinations. |
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http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap24.html
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| | Cryptosporidium |
| | Waterborne, Inc. Fluorescent and enzyme-labeled monoclonal antibody detection kits for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and microsporidia, for water-testing, research, and clinical use; purified organisms for positive controls. | | | Information on topics such as water treatment and distribution, groundwater management, monitoring, and cryptosporidium and other waterborne p | | | Cryptosporidium Parvum: A Review of Cryptosporidiosis Technical discussion covering transmission, biology, pathogenesis, prevention and control, future strategies for treatment and prevention, and related topics. |
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http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-Cryptosporidium.html
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| | Institute of Food Science & Technology: Cryptospiridium |
| | Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protozoan that causes cryptosporidiosis, an enteric infection in humans and animals. | | | Guidelines for the UK food and beverage industries were published in 2000 by the Campden and Chorleywood Research Association Group. | | | These Guidelines list those food processes and products which are at risk from Cryptosporidium in the event of a "Boil Water Notice" ie in the event of a breakdown of the (municipal) water supply. |
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http://www.ifst.org/hottop14.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium Parasite Is Difficult To Kill In Water |
| | But for people with AIDS and suppressed immune systems -- and sometimes the very old and young -- the illness can become chronic and life-threatening. | | | Cryptosporidium is spread through oral contact with feces from an infected person or animal, typically through drinking contaminated water or swimming in a pool used by an infected person. | | | Cryptosporidium, the waterborne parasite blamed for a rash of Williamson County illnesses, is a nasty organism -- highly infectious, difficult to kill and too small to be captured by many water filters. |
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http://www.clo2.com/reading/waternews/austin_crypto.html
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| | Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis |
| | If you have a healthy immune system, you are at less risk for cryptosporidiosis, but you may want to consider the quality of your drinking water. | | | Consume only water that has been purified by boiling for 1 minute, or by treatment with certain filters. | | | Why is Cryptosporidium a problem in drinking water? |
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http://www.hcinfo.com/cryptosporidium_faq.htm
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| | Cryptosporidium parvum Genome Mapping Project |
| | Cryptosporidium has been chosen as a non-human model organism on which HAPPY mapping will be further developed. | | | The aim of this project was to generate Cryptosporidium STSs which could be used to screen a Cryptosporidium PAC library by PCR (manuscript in preparation). | | | Cryptosporidium DNA was cut to completion with either AluI or RsaI and cloned into M13mp18 to give 2 distinct libraries; independent clones from these libraries were picked into two 96-well plates (cra and crb are AluI cut, cre and crf are RsaI cut). |
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http://www.ebi.ac.uk/parasites/cparvSTS.html
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| | Cryptosporidium Parvum |
| | Acute enterocolitis in a human being infected with the protozoan Cryptosporidium. | | | The effects of reducing conditions, pH, medium and temperature and time on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium. | | | Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts under various environmental pressures. |
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http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/khan.htm
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| | CSBC Cryptosporidium hominis Research |
| | Parallel studies are examining the host cell response after Cryptosporidium infection. | | | Again, we anticipate that these studies will lead to new strategies for intervention in this important disease. |
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http://www.hominis.mic.vcu.edu
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| | Explore the Microscopic World of Health Science |
| | The Wadsworth Center is presently engaged in an ongoing search for a suitable prophylactic drug which can combat this disease. | | | Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite associated with municipal water supplies which causes diarrhea. | | | For further information contact Janet Keithly at keithly@wadsworth.org |
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http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/crypto.htm
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| | Facts about Cryptosporidium |
| | Cryptosporidium can grow only in a living host and does not multiply in the environment. | | | Bathers, especially young children in nappies, should not use the pool if they are unwell, particularly if they have signs of a 'tummy upset'. | | | The parasite develops mainly in the cells lining the gut where it goes through a complex life cycle. |
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http://www.amm.co.uk/newamm/files/factsabout/fa_crypto.htm
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| | Holistic Health Encyclopedia - P |
| | Another parasite, Cryptosporidium, poses a significant threat to those with immunoligic disease such as AIDS. | | | In the United States, the most common human parasites, apart from head lice, are the microscopic protozoal variety, which can be transmitted by air, food, water, insects, animals, or other people. |
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http://www.findhealer.com/glossary/P.php3
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| | HealthEd - Resource Details |
| | Contains information on preventing cryptosporidium, including how a person becomes infected and the signs and symptoms of this food and waterborne disease. | | | One of a set of 3 pamphlets Reviews/Comments: |
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http://www.healthed.govt.nz/details/content.cfm?id=235
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| | EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water |
| | The purpose of the Lab QA Program is to identify laboratories that can reliably measure the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in surface water using EPA Method 1622 and/or EPA Method 1623. | | | Laboratories with Approval Pending for the Analysis of Cryptosporidium Under the Safe Drinking Water Act | | | The following laboratories have passed the Laboratory Quality Assurance Evaluation Program for Analysis of Cryptosporidium under the Safe Drinking Water Act ( |
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http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/lt2/aprvlabs.html
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| | Cryptosporidium picture by Russell Kightley Media |
| | This parasite causes diarrhoea (diarrhea) which can be extremely severe in people with AIDS where it is considered to be a major opportunistic infection. | | | all protist images / PROTISTA / PROTOCTISTA / PROTOZOA PICTURES: / Protozoan / Cryptosporidium | | | Illustration showing the water borne parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in the gut. |
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http://www.rkm.com.au/PARASITE/crypto.html
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