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| | Edward Jenner |
 | | There were many who doubted the unique ability of cowpox to prevent smallpox and opposed its practice, suggesting, rather, that the treatment was no more than a variation of variolation. | | | Equally important, he showed that the cowpox vaccine "in passing from one human subject to another (arm-to-arm transfer)... | | | Working by himself with his own financial resources, Jenner, a successful practicing physician, collated cases of subjects who had suffered from cowpox and were subsequently immune to smallpox. |
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http://www.foundersofscience.net/jenner.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Human cowpox presents as a papulovesiculogranulomatous skin lesion at the site of inoculation. | | | In the human cowpox presents as a papulovesiculogranulomatous skin lesion at the inoculation site. | | | It does not spread to other body parts from the initial lesion, which is usually located on the hand or fingers. |
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http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/tritzid/cowpox.htm
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| | eMedicine - Cowpox Infection, Human : Article by Nikki A Levin, MD, PhD |
| | Autopsy failed to demonstrate viropathic effect in any internal organs, so it is unclear what role cowpox may have played in the patient's death. | | | Medicine is a constantly changing science and not all therapies are clearly established. | | | The prognosis for patients with this condition is very good. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic87.htm
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| | The Kids Hall of Fame |
| | The experiment worked, confirming the theory that cowpox creates an immunity, or protection, against smallpox. | | | Since children were at the greatest risk of catching smallpox, Dr. James wanted to test his theory on a young healthy subject. | | | The women became mildly sick for a brief time and developed a few pocks, usually on their hand. |
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http://thekidshalloffame.com/CustomPage5.html
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| | Medmicro Chapter 69 |
| | In human cowpox and parapox infections the lesion develops at the site of inoculation (usually the hand), and infection may be spread to other sites such as the face and/or genitals by scratching. | | | The remaining poxviruses pathogenic for humans cause skin lesions with usually only limited constitutional involvement. | | | This is perhaps most common with human cowpox, since most cases are not traced to a particular source and a clinical diagnosis of anthrax is sometimes made. |
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http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch069.htm
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| | DWT LLP Practice Areas: Life Sciences Advisory Bulletins |
| | Jenner repeated his experiment of skin inoculating previously uninfected and non-variolated individuals with cowpox with the same success. | | | In May 1796, one of Jenner's patients, Sarah Nelmes, complained of a rash on her hand. | | | This observation and Jenner's clear understanding of the risks associated with variolation prompted him to undertake a careful scientific study-observation and analysis of possible preventative treatments for smallpox. |
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http://www.dwt.com/practc/life_sciences/patents/03-03_Jenner.htm
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| | Vaccination - Simple English Wikipedia |
| | This was done by scratching liquid from cowpox sores into the boy's skin. | | | This same method using liquid from sores was also used to give people smallpox. | | | This immune system reaction makes the person immune to cowpox. |
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination
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| | PROVET HEALTHCARE INFORMATION - Cowpox Virus |
| | There is no specific treatment for Cowpox virus, and no vaccine. | | | Isolating Cowpox virus from scabs collected from skin lesions. | | | Cowpox virus can be transmitted to humans, and so this disease is a zoonosis. |
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http://www.provet.co.uk/health/diseases/cowpox.htm
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| | NOVA Online Bioterror Making Vaccines: Smallpox |
| | Then, if cowpox or the similar smallpox ever enters the body, the immune system will quickly get rid of the invaders. | | | And as with smallpox, the body's immune system will mount an attack against the cowpox and subsequently always "remember" what it looks like. | | | The smallpox vaccine is a live vaccine; the cowpox viruses it contains will invade cells in your body, multiply, and spread to other cells in your body, just as the smallpox viruses would. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bioterror/vacc_smallpox.html
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| | CDC - Rat-to-Human Transmission of Cowpox Infection |
| | We isolated Cowpox virus (CPXV) from the ulcerative eyelid lesions of a 14-year-old girl, who had cared for a clinically ill wild rat that later died. | | | The rat, identified as Rattus norvegicus, was recovered for laboratory testing. | | | A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with ulcerated nodules on her upper lip and her left lower eyelid and several molluscum-like-lesions on her right eyelids (Figure 1). |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no12/02-0089.htm
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| | cowpox on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The fact that such persons had immunity to smallpox led Edward Jenner to attempt vaccination with this virus, instead of using the dangerous method of vaccinating with material from the sores of smallpox. | | | Let HighBeam Research help you refine your search | | | Brave new drug: compound stops cowpox and smallpox viruses.(Brief Article) |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/c1/cowpox.asp
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| | Edward Jenner (www.whonamedit.com) |
| | Plett, who had been a tutor in Schönweide, Holland, knew of the variolation technique and had been told by milkmaids that cowpox protected against the human disease. | | | In the ensuing years Jenner received a thorough introduction to medical and surgical practice. | | | Jenner began to inoculate against smallpox using Sutton's method, but he soon found some patients to be completely resistant to the disease. |
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http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1818.html
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| | Cowpox virus |
| | Infection with cowpox virus in humans produces localized, pustular lesions at the site of their introduction into the skin. | | | Human cowpox usually responds to treatment with antivaccina immunoglobulin. | | | The pathology of the skin lesions caused by cowpox virus is similar to that of smallpox. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/pox/2000/cowpox_virus.html
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| | The Cowpox Vaccine |
| | It is believed that during this time, Jenner was still interested in finding a new treatment for smallpox and carried out research involving cowpox, all the while performing variolation, a practice that he did not like (3). | | | Jenner took some scab material from Nelmes, and decided to test his theory that cowpox could prevent smallpox by administering the cowpox material to someone who had not yet had smallpox (4). | | | Not many people were interested in Jenner's cowpox research (5). |
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http://www.wfu.edu/users/turnaw2/cowpoxvaccine.htm
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| | Smallpox and Smallpox Vaccines: Adverse Reactions. Thinktwice! |
| | However, the primary side effect of the procedure was smallpox itself.(42) This caused researchers to seek alternatives to the dangerous and uncertain medical technique. | | | However, his wife nearly lost the arm in which she had been vaccinated because of severe inflammation, and Jesty was rebuked by his neighbors as an inhumane brute for experimenting on his own family.(45) | | | Jenner's peers were pleased to learn of his failures. |
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http://thinktwice.com/smallpox.htm
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| | BIL 150 NT - Workshop #1 |
| | This led him to perform an experiment in which he transferred pusslike material from the cowpox to human skin. | | | Because the two disease organisms are so closely related, the person vaccinated with cowpox developed an immunity (resistance) to the smallpox virus. | | | This was the result of a 26-year study of two diseases, cowpox and smallpox. |
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http://www.bio.miami.edu/dywang/105work_1.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Vaccine history --------------- Cowpox was used as the first human vaccine against smallpox by the researcher Jenner, in England. | | | 5 foci of cowpox, a non-fatal disease with no specific treatment, were identified in this locality, which belongs to the dairy farming zone of Sao Luiz do Paraitinga. | | | Dermatologist Joao Luiz Cardoso, of the Butantan Institute, explained that cowpox is an old problem in Brazil. |
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http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:495176::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,20353
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| | CDC - Cowpox with Severe Generalized Eruption, Finland |
| | The virus infects through skin abrasions, resulting in successive lesions of macular, papular, vesicular, pustular, ulceral, and eschar stages for 2 weeks. | | | Cowpox lesions on patient’s forearm on day 7 after onset of illness... | | | Although cowpox virus infection usually causes a single, painful, ulcerated vesicopustule and local lymphadenopathy, immunocompromised patients and children, especially those with atopic eczema, are susceptible to a generalized, even lethal, smallpoxlike infection (5,6). |
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no11/02-0814.htm
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| | Cowpox |
| | Affected individuals may also experience swollen and painful joints (arthritis). | | | Other symptoms usually include the eruption of skin lesions in other areas of the body. | | | Some people with cowpox with Progressive Vaccinia may be given the drug Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG). |
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http://hw.healthdialog.com/kbase/nord/nord172.htm
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| | The Vaccine Reaction (Page 2) |
| | Later, Jenner twice challenged the boy’s immunity to smallpox by scraping pus from the lesions of a person with smallpox onto the boy’s skin. | | | Sometimes cowpox can cause encephalitis and, in persons with a history of eczema, there is a risk of serious infection).22 | | | Apparently, as Jenner refined the cowpox inoculation process, a new virus called vaccinia evolved. |
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http://www.mercola.com/2001/dec/22/vaccine_reaction2.htm
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| | Cow Pox |
| | Here you can learn the background of Cowpox, how to identify Cowpox, and ways to treat it. | | | Jenner's theory was that people who had Cowpox could not get Smallpox. | | | Rubbicund patches, and itchy warm skin are other symptoms that depict cowpox. |
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http://www.d118.s-cook.k12.il.us/South/curriculum/team7b/Cow2
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| | Pox diseases 4 Cowpox |
| | Spontaneous recovery is the rule with only a small residual scar as a consequence. | | | Of three patients who have had severe infection, there were two with atopic eczema and a third had high fever for which he received steroids. | | | Disseminated cowpox is extremely rare, but does exist. |
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http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/20_Pox_diseasesp4.htm
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| | Democratic Underground Forums - Adult Has Smallpox-Related Infection |
| | Edward Jenner was a rural doctor and noticed that the stable hands and milkmaids who were scarred from cowpox didn't get smallpox during epidemics -- so he experimented with inoculating those who hadn't contracted smallpox from the active sores of cowpox patients. | | | The problem is, these people who are at risk can catch cowpox from the other people who get the vaccine. | | | And apparently, this person caught cowpox from someone in the military who had been given cowpox vaccine. |
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http://www.democraticunderground.com/duforum/DCForumID61/16640.html
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| | [No title] |
| | The doctors are examining everyone who has had contact with sick animals. | | | Localized cowpox lesions have also occurred in humans exposed to elephants with cowpox. | | | Indeed cowpox virus infection of cats can be a more severe disease than in either cattle or humans. |
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http://www.szu.cz/cem/pm/cowpox.txt
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| | Encyclopedia: Cowpox |
| | His patients who had contracted and recovered from cowpox, a disease similar to but much milder than smallpox, seemed to be immune not only to further cases of cowpox, but also to smallpox. | | | Cowpox is a disease of the skin caused by the Vaccinia virus. | | | Cowpox is a disease of the skin caused by a virus (Cowpox virus) that is related to the Vaccinia virus. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Cowpox
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| | Merck Vet. Edition - Cowpox |
| | Cowpox or vaccinia infection may be confused with bovine herpes mammillitis (Bovine Ulcerative Mammillitis); because the lesions are superficially similar, laboratory confirmation is required. | | | Indeed, the first two can be differentiated only by sophisticated laboratory techniques. | | | If milkers have not been vaccinated against smallpox, they may develop fever and have lesions on the hands, arms, or face. |
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http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/htm/bc/71102.htm
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| | Edward Jenner |
| | Jenner was given the opportunity on the 14 May 1796, when a young milkmaid called Sarah Nelmes came to see him with sores on her hands like blisters. | | | He carefully extracted some liquid from her sores and then took some liquid from the sores of a patient with mild smallpox. | | | This method involved inoculating healthy people with substances from the pustules of those who had a mild case of the disease, but this often had fatal results. |
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http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/edwardjenner.html
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| | ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Cowpox |
| | Cowpox, contagious viral disease of cows characterized by pustular eruptions, especially on the udders and teats. | | | On May 14, 1796, Jenner took cowpox matter from pustules on the arm of milkmaid Sarah Nelmes and inoculated it into the arm of an eight-year-old boy,... | | | The first modern use of immunization was by the British doctor Edward Jenner in 1796, when he used cowpox inoculations to produce protection against... |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/Cowpox.html
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| | Cowpox definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | Cowpox definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms | | | Monkeypox - Medical information about Monkeypox virus written for patients to make informed health decisions | | | People develop vesicles (blebs) which break and form ulcers on the fingers (sometimes called "milkers nodules"). |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=23596
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| | Single dose oral smallpox drug shown effective in cowpox-infected mice |
| | Shown most effective in treating lethal cowpox infection in mice were hexadecyloxypropyl-CDV (HDP-CDV) and octadecyloxyethyl-CDV (ODE-CDV). | | | In addition, the study pinpointed the time period for effectiveness when the drug is administered prior to or after infection. | | | Two versions of an oral drug that halts the deadly action of smallpox and related orthopox viruses have been shown by researchers in Alabama and California to be effective in cowpox-infected mice, whether given three to five days before or two to three days after infection. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-03/uoc--sdo031003.php
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| | Cow Pox |
| | People infected with cowpox are immune to smallpox which is a much more serious disease. | | | As the disease progresses the cows develop pustular eruptions, particularly on the udders and teats. | | | This was investigated by Edward Jenner in 1796 and the vaccine for smallpox produced. |
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http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/cowpox.html
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| | Cowpox |
| | Natural cowpox is no longer present in the U.S. However, it is still found in other parts of the world, especially England. | | | It should not be confused with pseudocowpox (also known as milker's nodules or paravaccinia). |
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http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/tritzid/cowpox.htm
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| | Jennerization definition - Mens Health: health and medical information about Mens Health Issues |
| | It was also known that cowpox could pass not only from cow to person from person to person. | | | Jenner exploited the folk knowledge that people who caught cowpox from their cows could not catch smallpox to develop a method of vaccination against smallpox using an attenuated form of the virus. | | | Also known as Jenner's method and the jennerian method. |
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http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25619
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| | NDI Terminology - cowpox |
| | Local edema, lymphangitis, and regional lymphadenitis with or without fever may be associated. | | | Cowpox is not to be confused with paravaccinia. | | | Inoculation with material from cowpox lesions confers immunity against smallpox. |
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http://www.ndif.org/Terms/cowpox.html
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| | Smallpox - MayoClinic.com |
| | His patient failed to contract smallpox, even when deliberately exposed to variola. | | | Although rare today, cowpox was widespread in 18th-century Europe, where it was common knowledge that milkmaids who had been infected with cowpox — which is generally mild — were then immune to the far more deadly smallpox. | | | Cowpox's natural hosts are small mammals such as wood mice, but the virus can spread to other animals, especially cattle, and lesions on the udders and teats of cows can infect people who milk them. |
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http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/smallpox/DS00424/DSECTION=7
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| | FELINE COWPOX EPIDEMIOLOGY |
| | About one-half of human cases in the UK can be traced to contact with an infected cat. | | | Cattle to man transmission can occur, but most people with cowpox have had no contact with cattle. | | | Most reports of cowpox virus elsewhere in the world refer to vaccinia virus (the smallpox vaccine) which, when human vaccination was widespread, occasionally escaped into domestic stock. |
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http://www.provet.co.uk/infectiousdiseases/5a66498.htm
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| | Brave New Drug: Compound stops cowpox and smallpox viruses: Science News Online, March 23, 2002 |
| | The cowpox and smallpox viruses cause skin lesions and life-threatening damage in the digestive tract and lungs. | | | Huggins' team exposed several groups of mice to an aerosol of cowpox virus and simultaneously gave some the HDP-CDV treatment or cidofovir. | | | Further tests on mice receiving HDP-CDV orally once or twice a day over 5 days show that the animals fended off cowpox, a close relative of smallpox, reports John W. Huggins, a virologist at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Fort Detrick, Md. |
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http://www.sciencenews.org/20020323/fob2.asp
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| | Orthopoxviruses - Monkeypox, Cowpox, Vaccinia , Camelpox, Mousepox |
| | Although the Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is the only Orthopoxvirus specific for humans, other zoonotic Orthopoxvirus species, e.g., buffalopox, cowpox, monkeypox, and Vaccinia viruses, can cause disease in humans. | | | Concerns have been raised that Variola may reemerge or other orthopox viruses may be rendered more pathogenic by genetic engineering. | | | One of the most remarkable achievements in medical history is the eradication of smallpox, a once devastating disease that plagued mankind for millennia. |
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http://www.dekker.com/sdek/267266987-33687462/abstract~content=a713544819~db=enc
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| | MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Vaccination with Cowpox |
| | His discovery that cowpox was an effective vaccine against smallpox was initially greeted with skepticism, but soon accepted. | | | A cartoon satirizes British physician Edward Jenner, who is shown injecting patients with cowpox virus, resulting in their transformation into cows. | | | MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Vaccination with Cowpox |
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http://encarta.msn.com/media_461522438/Vaccination_with_Cowpox.html
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| | Cowpox virus encodes a fifth member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family: A soluble, secreted CD30 homologue -- ... |
| | Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and | | | Communicated by Wolfgang K. Joklik, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, April 22, 2002 (received for review February 21, 2002) | | | Cowpox virus encodes a fifth member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family: A soluble, secreted CD30 homologue -- Panus et al. |
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http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/12/8348
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