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| | Involuntary control of respiration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The body's involuntary control of respiration is mediated by the brain's respiratory center located in the brainstem, particularly in the medulla oblongata and pons. | | | In addition to involuntary control of respiration by the respiratory center, respiration can be affected by conditions such as emotional state, via input from the limbic system, or temperature, via the hypothalamus. | | | Mechanoreceptors are located in the airways and parenchyma, and are responsible for a variety of reflex responses. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_control_of_respiration
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| | respiration-hypothalamus |
| | Control of respiration by the hypothalamus and feedback from contracting muscles in cats | | | However, Yamamoto (1977) has pointed out that for the control of exercise hyperpnea you may have sufficient mechanisms; each of which in a given, isolated circumstance explains the whole phenomenon. | | | Two different mechanisms thought to be involved in controlling the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during exercise were examined in this study. |
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http://perso.easynet.fr/baillement/parakinesie-waldrop.html
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| | Apparatus for the monitoring and control of respiration - Patent 5520192 |
| | When studies of physiological systems involve the analysis of spontaneous activity, however, it is known that nonlinearities in the control structure induce non-stationarities in the associated waveforms. | | | The inspiratory prolongation which is seen in the preterm infant is thought to be due to the prevention of rib-cage distortion by diaphragmatic activity, hence eliminating another reflex, possibly the intercostal phrenic inhibitory reflex described by Byran et al, the effect of which will be to shorten inspiration. | | | The physiological interactions underlying cardiorespiratory control are usually non-linear in nature. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5520192.html
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| | Physiology II -- Control Of Ventilation |
| | There is no evidence that VRG participates in the basic rhythmical oscillation that controls respiration. | | | Central – no central drive to respiration, no diaghratimic mvt and no airflow- usually in infants < 40 wks. |
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http://www.hodsonhome.com/mna2001/physiology/physiology2/exam3/phys2.controlofventilation.htm
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| | Control of Breathing |
| | Yet, the inspiratory musculature is controlled by the dorsal respiratory group. | | | If you think about it, the most basic need in respiration to merely survive is the ability to inhale a normal breath. | | | All the information from the body that needs to feed into the control of our breathing converges in the pneumotaxic area, so that it can properly adjust our breathing. |
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http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units21to23/respiration/control.htm
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| | Acupuncture.Com - Content Template |
| | In the case of allergic rhinitis, the blockage of energy is situated in the lung meridian, for which the nose is considered an extension. | | | Under normal conditions, the lungs can control respiration and ensure that one breathes freely through the nose and with an acute sense of smell. | | | In TCM, the lungs are also responsible for dispersing energy throughout the body and for preventing pathogenic factors from invading the body. |
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http://www.acupuncture.com/newsletters/m_may05/main2.htm
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| | REGULATION OF RESPIRATION PAGE |
| | The Herring-Breuer reflex probably functions in coordination with the pneumotaxic center to prevent overstretch of the lungs. | | | the smooth muscle of the conducting pathways), affects depth of respiration. | | | For example, let's say you were exercising really strenuously and your inspiratory center was so hyperstimulated that it was still trying to make you inhale when your lungs were already fully inflated; you need the pneumotaxic center to shut off the inspiratory center in such a case so that you can keep ventilating the lungs! |
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http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/respcontrol.htm
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| | Human Respiration on Almondnet |
| | respiration brings in the muscles of the chest wall, so that the ribs move too. | | | Human Respiration System and Human Gas Exchange and Human Oxygen Need and Human Respiration Process... | | | Find respiration system and more at Lycos Search. |
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http://www.team-building-ideas.co.uk/teambuild/human_respiration.html
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| | [Thoracic radiotherapy and control of respiration: current perspectives]. |
| | Breath control, whatever technique is employed, proves superior to free breathing treatment when using 3D-CRT. | | | Our institution's choice is to use spirometry driven, patient controlled high-inspiration breath-hold; this technique gives excellent immobilization results, with high reproducibility, yet it is easy to implement and costs little extra treatment time. | | | Breath control clearly exhibits dosimetric improvement compared to free breathing, leading to various techniques for gated treatments. |
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http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/UniPub/iHOP/gp/9337525.html
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| | Respiration |
| | Superimposed on this basic chemical control of respiration, various other nerve fibers provide so called nonchemical controls for the fine adjustments that affect breathing in particular situations, such as coughing or sneezing or 'emotions,' for instance. | | | This box represent the autonomic respiratory center, which is located in pons and medulla. | | | Chemoreceptors are located in the carotid bodies, which you find close to the bifurcation of the carotids, and in the aortic bodies in or near the arch of the aorta. |
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http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/christerhogstrand/courses/hb0223/respirat.htm
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| | Penn: INS Faculty |
| | William M. Armstead, PhD Control of cerebral hemodynamics during physiologic and pathologic conditions such as traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion | | | David Solomon, MD, PhD Vestibular ocular motor neurophysiology, clinical neuro-otology, kinematics and biomechanics of human gaze control, turning and circular locomotion | | | Steve Scherer, MD, PhD Axon-Schwann cell interactions in developing and regenerating peripheral nerve |
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http://www.med.upenn.edu/ins/faculty/insbydept.html
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| | C-Health: Your Health and Wellness Source |
| | There is deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour and motivation. | | | These areas control higher executive functions and emotional responses. | | | The dementias are diseases of the brain causing memory loss, confusion and loss of intellectual capacity. |
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http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_id=2102&channel_id=...
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| | Control of Respiration |
| | do not change, therefore, no stimulus to increase respiration - just no delivery of oxygen to the tissue | | | cardiac muscle (need respirator if damage spinal cord or brain-this provides a positive pressure to force air into the lungs) -- if pO | | | depth is controlled by baroreceptors located in the medulla via a negative and positive feedback. |
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http://www.elon.edu/shouse/physiology/physiol31/Lecture24.html
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| | Respiration Control |
| | We are capable of using conscious thought processes emanating from our cerebral cortex to control our breathing style by modifying the activity rate of our respiratory centre but only up to the point where our autonomic systems become stressed and take back control. | | | The carotid body is also sensitive to falling oxygen levels, but our sensitivity in this respect is quite poor. | | | The brain has a respiratory control centre in the medulla. |
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http://www.ahobart.co.uk/biology/advanced/htmlpages/control.htm
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| | Cellular Respiration -- Biochemistry @ La Canada HS |
| | Glycolisis, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, is a catabolic pathway common to fermentation and respiration. | | | It occurs in the cytoplasm of all organisms and probably evolved in ancient prokaryotesbefore oxygen was avaliable in the atmosphere. | | | The free energy released from exergonic hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P drives essential endergonic processes in cells by transferring unstable phosphate bonds to various substrates, priming them to undergo some change that results in work. |
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http://www.lcusd.net/lchs/mewoldsen/BCellularRespiration.htm
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| | Control of Respiration |
| | Muscular contraction and relaxation controls the rate of expansion and constriction of the lungs. | | | These muscles are stimulated by nerves that carry messages from the part of the brain that controls breathing, the medulla. | | | Themes > Science > Life Sciences > General Biology > Physiology > The Respiratory System > Control of Respiration |
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http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/RespiratorySystem/ControlRespiration/ControlRespiration.htm
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| | Modeling behavioral/voluntary control of breathing |
| | Inputs of the supramedullary control pathway to particular respiratory neurons were set voluntary. | | | In addition, this low-level controller interacts with the afferent feedback from the peripheral receptors and in turn is controlled by descending signals from the high-level controller (supraspinal centers), which also receives peripheral feedback. | | | Neural control of respiration is an excellent model object for such studies because the respiratory CPG (CRPG) has been more extensively studied at the neuronal and network levels than other CPG types in mammals (e.g. |
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http://www.rybak-et-al.net/resnew.html
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| | Modeling Neural Mechanisms of the Control of Respiration - Storming Media |
| | These models are built up across several levels of biological complexity theory, beginning with individual ionic channel kinetics and ending in whole system behavior, and are grounded in accurate biological detail at every level. | | | All of these results are finding interest for applications within process technology and process control, as algorithms or as inspiration for novel approaches to nonlinear control problems. | | | In some models each neuron class is represented by a population 25 neurons, and manipulation of these networks is leading to important insights in the area of biological parallel processing. |
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http://www.stormingmedia.us/03/0396/A039613.html
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| | Gas exchange and control of respiration |
| | When there is restricted blood flow ("perfusion") to a group of alveoli, the lung responds by constricting the bronchiole that brings air to those alveoli and by slightly dilating the arteriole for better balancing of ventilation and perfusion. | | | Basic involuntary rhythms of inspiration and expiration, carried out through respiratory motor neurons and muscles of respiration, are maintained by the medulla in the brain stem, with additional influences from higher brain centers. | | | These chemical mechanisms add to the circulatory controls regulating blood flow to different tissues to insure effective O |
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http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb32/mcb32notes/resp2.html
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| | Human Physiology - Respiration |
| | During expiration, the respiration muscles relax and lung volume descreases. | | | The primary muscles of respiration include the external intercostal muscles (located between the ribs) and the diaphragm (a sheet of muscle located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities). | | | Also, even though the respiratory muscles are voluntary, you can't consciously control them when you're sleeping. |
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http://www.biology.eku.edu/RITCHISO/301notes6.htm
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| | control |
| | How is respiration affected in a person with asthma? | | | How is respiration affected in a person with fibrotic lung disease? | | | How is respiration affected in a person with emphysema? |
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http://www.southplainscollege.edu/biology/jwright/WEB2402/2402unit3/control.html
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| | Nicotine + Heart Rate |
| | Nicotine acts directly on the heart to change heart rate and blood pressure. | | | Nicotine can increase your heart rate high blood pressure not controlled with medication. | | | It also acts on the nerves that control respiration... |
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http://www.toecom.com.cn/5139-nicotineheartrate-83162.htm
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| | ATP Production: An Introduction |
| | The most common mechanism of control is feedback inhibition. | | | A key control point is the third step of glycolysis which is catalyzed by an allosteric enzyme, phosphofructokinase. | | | Anabolic pathways are switched off when their products are in ample supply. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/CampOLs/RespControl.html
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| | Vet Tech Respiratory Physiology Lesson: Control of respiration |
| | B) Nervous signals from muscles controlling areas in the brain | | | Although there is chemical control of respiration, nervous signals from areas in the brain that control skeletal muscles also contribute to regulation of respiration | | | Rapid shallow breathing (such as panting in the dog) is controlled by pneumotaxic center, which increasing rate of respiration while decreasing depth of respiration (does the respiratory minute volume change?). |
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http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/bms/vldl/LP_04_D.html
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| | Homeostasis, Control Systems - Lecture 2 |
| | reference point: the desired level of the controlled process-where the system should be. | | | feedback transducer: transduces or changes one form of energy to another: encodes information about where system actually is so that the controller can read it. | | | controller: master area which directs or controls the system: compares the reference input to information relayed by the feedback transducer |
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http://www.elon.edu/shouse/physiology/physiol11/Lecture2.html
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| | ARS Publication request: Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase |
| | The control of respiration in plant cells is a subject of ongoing study. | | | A method was developed that allows study of the controlling protein in the laboratory. | | | The activity of a protein thought to be important in overall control of respiration is itself controlled by a different, associated protein. |
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http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=166180
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| | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | ALS sometimes originates in the brain, causing initial symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing or talking; in other cases it originates in the spinal cord, causing initial symptoms such as weakness in the extremities. | | | The muscles atrophy quickly, causing weakness, paralysis, and eventual death, usually when the muscles that control respiration fail. | | | The intellect, eye motion, and bladder control are not affected. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/am/amyotroph.html
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| | In vivo control of respiration by cytochrome c oxidase in human cells. |
| | These experiments, however, may have not reflected the in vivo situation, due to the possible loss of essential metabolites during organelle isolation and the disruption of the normal interactions of mitochondria with the cytoskeleton, which may be important for the channeling of respiratory substrate to the organelles. | | | To obtain direct evidence on this question, in particular, as concerns the in vivo control of respiration by cytochrome c oxidase (COX), we have developed an approach for measuring COX activity in intact cells, by means of cyanide titration, either as an isolated step or as a respiratory chain-integrated step. | | | The metabolic control of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has attracted increasing attention in recent years, especially due to its importance for understanding the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in human diseases and aging. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_11035248.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Venom |
| | In terms of their effects, however, they may be broadly categorized as hemotoxic (damaging blood vessels and causing hemorrhage) or neurotoxic (paralyzing nerve centers that control respiration and heart action); they may also contain agents that promote or prevent blood clotting. | | | Sometimes a combination of these effects is involved, however, and variations may occur within genera or even within species. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556758/Venom.html
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| | Lecture 10 - 2MPH NMT |
| | You need to know the structures involved in the control of respiration and the ways in which they interact. | | | This lecture describes the respiratory centres in the hind brain, the ways in which they interact and the inputs to them from higher centres and the periphery. | | | It is important that you also appreciate the relative influence of each of the factors affecting delivery of oxygen to the tissues. |
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http://www.bi.umist.ac.uk/users/mjfnmt/2mph/Lecture10.asp
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| | Wednesday, September 1, 1999 |
| | To understand pathological conditions inflicted by episodes of epilepsy, ischemia and hypoxia, it is important to evaluate the control mechanisms of mitochondrial respiration in brain during rapid respiration. | | | Above the point, when free ADP concentrations had increased to more than 46 _M, anaerobic glycolysis was turned on. | | | A mitochondrial uncoupler, known to facilitate a strenuous mitochondrial electron transport, should provide a model to elucidate the control mechanisms of respiration under those pathological stressed environment. |
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http://www.dartmouth.edu/~eprctr/ISOTT99/days/1/nioka.html
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| | Yield Models for Energy Coppice of Poplar and Willow - Respiration control protocol |
| | The analogue signals from the IRGA reference and analysis cells and the flow rate were recorded by a DT50 datalogger (datataker, Letchworth) every 0.25s, allowing integration of the respiration flux during the isolation period. | | | The solenoid valves were then switched to allow the exhaust from cell A to flow through the cuvette, flushing the respired CO through the B (analysis) cell of the gas analyser, until the signal returned to the equilibrium value. | | | relationships were also investigated by repeating the experiment, with the cuvette and respiring sample incubated in a water bath at 20ºC. In each sampling period, samples were analysed randomly to prevent diurnal variation of respiration or systematic errors from masking variety differences. |
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http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/src.nsf/LUPrintDocsByKey/INFD-5KKJNB
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| | Paper 33 |
| | Although it now appears clear that control of ATP synthesis is exerted kinetically (8,9) under physiological conditions, the controversy about the site of kinetic control has not been resolved. | | | To help resolve the issue of whether the ATP synthase or the adenine nucleotide translocase exerts major rate limitation when ADP stimulates respiration we developed techniques to separately and independently moniter fluxes through the two proteins when both were active. | | | Numerous studies carried out in the last 20 years have been aimed at elucidating the control of phosphorylating respiration. |
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http://cnmrr.hmc.psu.edu/papers/paper33.htm
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| | Control Mechanisms in Respiration and Fermentation - WRIGHT, BARBARA, ED |
| | Control Mechanisms in Respiration and Fermentation - WRIGHT, BARBARA, ED | | | WRIGHT, BARBARA, ED Control Mechanisms in Respiration and Fermentation | | | They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs. |
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http://www.antiqbook.co.uk/boox/alb/31317.shtml
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| | Pulmonology - Respiration |
| | Respiration, which means "breathe again", is very critical for life because it is necessary to supply all parts of de body with oxygen and to get rid of the produced carbon dioxide. | | | Internal respiration is the process of gas exchange at the level of target tissues. | | | The process of respiration can be divided into five stages: |
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http://www.pul.unimaas.nl/respir.htm
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| | Discussion |
| | Calcium has been suggested to regulate mitochondrial respiration both at the substrate level and at the level of oxidative phosphorylation. | | | These results support the view that mitochondrial respiration is primarily regulated at the level of the respiratory chain, but stimulation at the substrate level rapidly follows, keeping the cellular redox-state nearly unchanged especially during slighter workload alterations. | | | This is achieved at least partly by stimulating calcium sensitive dehydrogenases, which seems to be the main role of calcium in cellular energetics. |
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http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514271939/html/c2020.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Answers to Control of Respiration Study Questions 1. | | | These neurons are quiescent during normal breathing but may become active during exercise. | | | Study Questions for Control of Respiration Name the single most important blood gas value determining the level of central chemoreceptor stimulation? |
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http://www.ursa.kcom.edu/Department/LectureNotes/Summer/ContRespiration.doc
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