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| | NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY PSYCHOLOGY DEFINITION |
 | | Comparative psychologists study animal behaviors across the range of species, while physiological psychologists are concerned with the biological bases of behavior. | | | Psychologists use scientific methods in an attempt to understand and predict behavior, to develop procedures for changing behavior, and to evaluate treatment strategies. | | | Clinical psychologists study ways to help individuals and groups of individuals change their behavior. |
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http://www.nmu.edu/psychology/defin.htm
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| | Comparative psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Strictly speaking, comparative psychology ought to involve the use of a comparative method, in which similar studies are carried out on animals of different species, and the results interpreted in terms of their different phylogenetic or ecological backgrounds. | | | Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad sense, refers to the study of the behaviour and mental life of animals other than human beings. | | | However, the broader use of the term "comparative psychology" is enshrined in the names of learned societies and academic journals, not to mention in the minds of psychologists of other specialisms, so it is never likely to disappear completely. |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_psychology
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| | Ethology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Thus where comparative psychology sees the study of animal behaviour in the context of what is known about human psychology, ethology sees the study of animal behaviour in the context of what is known about animal anatomy and physiology. | | | Ethology can be contrasted with comparative psychology, which also studies animal behaviour, but construes its study as a branch of psychology. | | | Furthermore, early comparative psychologists concentrated on the study of learning, and thus tended to look at behaviour in artificial situations, whereas early ethologists concentrated on behaviour in natural situations, tending to describe it as instinctive. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology
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| | MSN Encarta - Psychology |
| | Some psychologists also study animal behavior, using their findings to determine laws of behavior that apply to all organisms and to formulate theories about how humans behave and think. | | | However, psychologists try to understand behavior from the vantage point of the individual, whereas sociologists focus on how behavior is shaped by social forces and social institutions. | | | Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761576533
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| | Work at home : Job Report Psychologists |
| | Comparative psychologists study the behavior of humans and lower animals. | | | Physiological psychologists study the relationship of behavior to the biological functions of the body. | | | Experimental psychologists study behavior processes and work with human beings and lower animals such as rats, monkeys, and pigeons; prominent areas of experimental research include motivation, learning and retention, sensory and perceptual processes, and genetic and neurological factors in behavior. |
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http://www.work-at-home.org/sreport/career/84.htm
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| | MANY FACES: Chap. 13 Comparative Psychology & Animal Learning |
| | In contrast, comparative psychology was moved by the influence of ethologists to consider a broad range of behaviors and species, using a variety of experimental techniques. | | | Comparative psychology and animal learning provide the behavioral technology that is the foundation for physiological investigations of brain-behavior relationships. | | | Another interesting point of contrast between comparative psychologists and investigators of animal learning is that comparative psychologists were more likely to tackle forms of cognition that have been primarily associated with human beings. |
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http://teachpsych.lemoyne.edu/teachpsych/faces/text/Ch13.htm
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| | Comparative Psychology |
| | Comparative psychologists observe animals in their natural environment and in controlled conditions in laboratories and zoos. | | | Comparative psychology is the study of differences and similarities in the behaviour of animals of different species. | | | Comparative psychologists may analyse a single activity as it occurs in many species. |
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http://www.a2zpsychology.com/ARTICLES/comparative.htm
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| | P854Read1Intro |
| | S-R behaviorism suggested that the goals of comparative psychology were misguided, and that comparative psychology should be replaced by a new discipline devoted to discovering laws which describe the formation of new S-R habits, laws which were assumed to be universal (that is, applicable to all species). | | | Romanes and other early comparative psychologists were inspired by Darwin's (1859, 1871) notion of a psychological continuity between humans and other animals. | | | Although this perspective had a number of profound effects on psychology, the effect on comparative psychology is of particular relevance to the present course. |
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http://web.psych.ualberta.ca/~dgrant/psyco485/readintro1.html
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| | Careers as a Psychologist: Research Psychology |
| | Comparative psychologists study the behavior of humans and other animals, with a special eye on similarities and differences that may shed light on evolutionary and developmental processes. | | | Psychometric and mathematical (quantitative) psychologists are concerned with the methods and techniques used to acquire and apply psychological knowledge. | | | Division 6 - Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~psych/undergrad/PsychField/psychres.html
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| | University of Wales Swansea Psychology Department |
| | Comparative Psychologists are interested in the way animals behave and how their behaviour relates to human behaviour. | | | Biological Psychologists study the structure and function of the brain in relation to behaviour. | | | Developmental Psychologists are interested in the development of different kinds of human behaviour through the lifespan from infants to the elderly. |
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http://psy.swan.ac.uk/applicants/appli_what_is_psychol.htm
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| | AN INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. Essay Sample. Free term papers for college students |
| | Physiological psychologists study the effects of drugs on human behavior. | | | This behaviour was referred to by early psychologists as 'mind' or mental processes, which has become cognition or the cognitive process. | | | One is comparative psychology, which explores animal behavior in comparison to human behavior. |
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http://www.essaysample.com/essay/000528.html
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| | CFAAR Newsletter 1992 |
| | Comparative psychologists reject this arrogant specism and argue that non-human animals are important in and of themselves, and that their behavior and cognition are worthy of scientific investigation. | | | Comparative psychologists, along with their colleagues in the other behavioral sciences have brought research-based principles of animal behavior to bear on numerous practical problems. | | | Comparative psychologists are especially interested in non-human species, and the relevance of much of their research to human welfare seems remote indeed. |
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http://home.sandiego.edu/~moriarty/cfaar.htm
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| | Titels + Abstracts |
| | Comparative psychologists have long been interested in perception and in insight (that is, in creative as distinct from purely reproductive intelligence), but their main contribution thus far to the understanding of cognitive evolution has been an intensive analysis of learning and memory. | | | Contemporary empiri-cists in comparative psychology and animal cognitive psychology embrace mental continuity, assume that natural selec-tion is the source of domain- and taxon-general cognitive processes, and, in some cases, postulate that variation and se-lective retention processes are responsible for ontogenetic specialization. | | | Comparative studies of memory and the hippocampus in food-caching birds provide a unique source of evidence for in-vestigating hippocampal structure and function. |
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http://www.univie.ac.at/zoologie/theo/pohskrow/Titles.html
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| | C.W. Tolman on Leontiev |
| | Comparative psychologists will have little difficulty with the rejection of mental process, but the rejection of behavior requires closer attention. | | | Comparative psychology has traditionally been weak in its understanding and use of evolutionary theory. | | | I am suggesting that the crisis in comparative psychology, I would like here to present some highlights of the theoretical work of Alexei Nikolaevich Leontyev, which I believe meets the aforementioned requirements and goes a long way toward solving the theoretical problems comparative psychologist have struggled with over the years. |
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http://www.comnet.ca/~pballan/Leontiev.htm
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| | erkenntnis-allen |
| | First, insofar as cognitive psychologists have considered concepts central to their theories of human psychology, the abandonment of animal concepts would make it harder to relate studies of animal cognition to attempts to understand the evolution of human concepts. | | | Among cognitive psychologists too, the major current theories of concepts are all concerned with the way in which concepts serve to unite varied perceptual presentations of instances. | | | Instead we implicitly relied upon a comparative approach, which justified the attribution of concepts to nonhuman animals by using human behavior in similar circumstances as the benchmark. |
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http://grimpeur.tamu.edu/~colin/Papers/erk.html
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| | Fusing psychology and biology |
| | In fact, as many biologists become more like psychologists in their research methodology--using strong controls and powerful statistics--they are beginning to infiltrate the domain previously dominated by comparative psychologists and could take it over unless psychologists are also ready to move more toward the middle. | | | Alan Kamil, PhD, is a trained psychologist who spent the first 25 years of his career working in a psychology department, but if you ask him what he does for a living, he'll tell you he's a biologist. | | | As a comparative psychologist, he was primarily interested in animal learning and how it might differ between species. |
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http://www.apa.org/monitor/nov00/biopsych.html
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| | MsoDockBottom |
| | Although I believe that there is very great overlap between the approaches to the study of animal behavior of psychologists and biologists, there are some differences. | | | My immediate goal is to develop this course so as to present a balanced treatment of comparative psychology as I believe it exists today. | | | I believe that a course in comparative psychology can be both stimulating and fun. |
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http://www.lemoyne.edu/OTRP/syllabi/comparativepsych2.html
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| | psychology |
| | Psychology is the science of behavior, and psychologists study a large variety of behaviors in humans and other animals. | | | Study the relation of the environment to behavior--in particular, the effects of the consequences of behavior. | | | : Study the evolution of behavior by comparing the behavioral capacities of various species of animals. |
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http://www.core.binghamton.edu/~thomas/psychology.html
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| | WWW Study Guide to accompany Carlson, Psychology 5th ed. Chapter 1 -- Practice Test |
| | The kind of psychologist that you might expect to find in a supermarket or mall studying patterns of shopping behavior is called a(n) __________ psychologist. | | | _________ psychologists are people whose primary interests involve encouraging people to adopt and maintain patterns of behavior that promote fitness and well-being. | | | The branch of psychology that is likely to involve, among other things, the study of cognitive, physiological, and social changes that occur as people grow older is __________ psychology. |
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http://cwabacon.pearsoned.com/carlson/chapter1/multiple1/deluxe-content.html
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| | C. Lloyd Morgan: Introduction to Comparative Psychology: Chapter 18: The Evolution of Consciousness |
| | WE have, so far, taken for granted the existence of consciousness, and the fact that there are subjective phenomena which we, as comparative psychologists, may study. | | | It has before been pointed out that one of the cardinal steps in making our psychology comparative, and in linking, this branch of science with those branches which deal with the objective aspects of our knowledge, is the correlation of psychical phenomena with physiological phenomena. | | | It must be freely and frankly admitted that any suggestion which the comparative psychologist has to make, in attempting to answer such a question, must be speculative. |
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http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Morgan/Morgan_1903/Morgan_1903_18.html
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| | Comparative Psychology |
| | The present definition of comparative psychology in the United States seems to be: all psychology dealing with animals that is not treated under learning, motivation, and physiological psychology; or, to state it another way, studies on animals that do not conveniently fit anywhere else. | | | Unfortunately, psychologists do not seem to have learned as much from the ethologists as they from us, for we do not always show respect for species membership as a determinant of behavior (through whatever mechanism) that we might. | | | This comparative psychology, emphasizing the relation of behavior to general biology rather than solely to physiology, returns to that familiar in the United States during the first decades of this century (but gone with the Journal of Animal Behavior). |
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http://web.utk.edu/~wverplan/biblio28.html
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| | finalversion |
| | While many comparative psychologists remain wedded to behavioristic methods, they have more recently adopted a cognitive, information-processing approach that does not adhere to the strictures of stimulus-response explanations of animal behavior. | | | Cognitive ethologists are typically willing to go much further than comparative psychologists by adopting folk-psychological terms to explain the behavior of nonhuman animals. | | | For a major part of the twentieth century, (nonhuman) animal psychology was on a behavioristic track that explicitly denied the possibility of a science of animal mind. |
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http://grimpeur.tamu.edu/~colin/Papers/konstanz.html
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| | cppubs |
| | Dewsbury, D. Comparative psychology and comparative psychologists: An assessment. | | | Dewsbury, D. Comparative psychology, ethology, and animal behavior. | | | Dewsbury, D. Comparative psychologists and their quest for uniformity. |
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http://grove.ufl.edu/~dewsbury/cppubs.html
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Instinct |
| | The individual may be conscious of the stimulus or of the response or of both, but consciousness does not in any case enter into the reflex as an essential factor. | | | There is a growing tendency in biology and comparative psychology to restrict the term instinct to inherited purposive adaptations. | | | General works on evolution, psychology, and comparative psychology; cf. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08050b.htm
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| | Christian Fullgrabe |
| | However, the format of articles published in The Behavioral and Brian Sciences (the main article is followed by open peer commentary and the final response of the author) is very appealing. | | | Vauclair's easy-to-read resume proves to be a good and helpful first approach, but disappoints those of advanced level and/or passionate about cognitive psychology. | | | Early comparative psychologists: There is Something, but what? |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/psychology/terrace99/w3450/fullgra1.html
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| | Animal Consciousness |
| | Some of this can be explained by the failure of some psychologists to heed the philosophers' distinction between intentionality in its ordinary sense and intentionality in the technical sense derived from Brentano (with perhaps most of the blame being apportioned to philosophers for failing to give clear explanations of this distinction and its importance). | | | It is worth remarking that there is often a considerable disconnect between philosophers and psychologists (or ethologists) on the topic of animal minds. | | | The so-called “cognitive revolution” that took place during the latter half of the 20th century has led to many innovative experiments by comparative psychologists and ethologists probing the cognitive capacities of animals. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-animal
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| | Career Information for Psychology |
| | Ethologists usually are trained in departments of biology, zoology, entomology, wildlife, or other animal sciences, whereas most comparative psychologists are trained in psychology departments. | | | Most scientists directly involved in animal behavior are found within two disciplines: Ethology and comparative psychology. | | | A WetFeet.com 'Career Profile' describes opportunities for psychologists and counselors, including information on requirements, the job outlook, prevailing rates of compensation, and the variety of careers available in schools, private universities, and private practice. |
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http://www.psychology.org/links/Career
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| | Research:History |
| | It is known that Bowlby, as the main originator of attachment theory, interacted with leading ethologists and comparative psychologists. | | | It is the object of a current study to carefully analyze and describe this period of the history of our science. | | | At the same time Bowlby’s theory inspired new ethological and comparative psychological research. |
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http://www.childandfamilystudies.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?c=148
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| | Quia - Psychologist Review |
| | This activity is intended to check your ability to identify the types of psychologists that we studied. | | | To learn how to make your own, just like this, click here. | | | This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. |
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http://www.quia.com/jg/337552.html
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