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| | Checklist of the Collembola: Are Collembola terrestrial Crustacea? |
 | | Collembola are difficult to position due to the discrepant results of morphological and molecular phylogenies; they are probably key taxa to explain arthropod relationships (Giberet and Ribera, 2000:225). | | | The Apterygota are not found to compose a natural group among the hexapods, based on a cladistic analysis of external and internal anatomy characters (Bitsch and Bitsch, 2000:153). | | | The molecular study of Wheeler (1998) suggests relationships between Collembola (and Protura and Diplura) and certain crustacean groups (Giribet, Edgecombe and Wheeler, 1999:204). |
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http://www.geocities.com/~fransjanssens/publicat/crustacn.htm
(8923 words)
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| | Collembola references 2005 |
| | Salmon, S., Geoffroy, J.J. and Ponge, J.F. Earthworms and Collembola relationships: effects of predatory centipedes and humus forms. | | | Tiunov, A.V. and Scheu, S. Arbuscula mycorrhiza and Collembola interact in affecting community composition of saprotrophic microfungi. | | | Goloshchapova, N.P., Potapov, M.B. and Chernova, N.M. Sexual behaviour of three species of the family Isotomidae (Collembola). |
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http://www.stevehopkin.co.uk/collembolapapers/2005.html
(709 words)
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| | Hallanger et al 2002 |
| | As the methodological considerations mentioned when discussing the relation of Collembola density and moisture are likely to apply to Acari as well, it is, however, not especially surprising that no significance in the relation of Acari and moisture could be found. | | | By regression analyses we explored correlations of abiotic factors with organism group densities. | | | However, since mesic habitats have been found to contain maximum densities (see above) and since our samples therefore presumably included soils both below and above optimum moisture conditions, a logarithmical relation is not especially likely. |
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http://www.hi.is/~olafial/Hallangeretal2002.htm
(4956 words)
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| | Checklist of the Collembola: Synanthropic Collembola, Springtails in Association with Man |
| | Note: The in the study participating entomologists have identified the Collembola based only on the digitally enhanced images of the skin scrapings; no specimens have been deposited in collection for further reference. | | | While springtails have close association with sores in many NCS patients, it should be emphasized that they, and other opportunistic infections represent aggravating but not causal factors of NCS sores. | | | The authors should provide a skin sample including a collembolan specimen to prove their point. |
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http://webhost.ua.ac.be/collembola/publicat/sidney.htm
(8909 words)
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| | Model Elementary School Bugscope Project Proposal |
| | Prior to the extraction, students will have learned about basic aspects of collembola biology through class discussion and reading Evans' Life on a Little Known Planet: A Biologist's View of Insects and Their World chapter dealing with collembola biology, ecology and structural variations. | | | Student understanding of structural differences will be assessed through individual or group write-ups. | | | "Comparison of Furcula and Collophores Within the Collembola" |
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http://www.uni.uiuc.edu/~dstone/modelhighschoolproposal.html
(301 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Descriptors: behavior, sensory reception, Acarina, Chelicerata, Collembola, Hypoaspis aculeifer, mite, predator, Protaphorura armata, food, prey, video-tracking, laboratory techniques, death odor, dispersal behavior, environmental cues, movement patterns, spatial cues, behavioral biology, comparative study. | | | Nilsson, E.; Bengtsson, G. Death odour changes movement pattern of a Collembola. | | | Salmon, S.; Ponge, J.F. Earthworm excreta attract soil springtails: laboratory experiments on Heteromurus nitidus (Collembola: Entomobryidae). |
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/Labinsects/Collembola.htm
(345 words)
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| | Checklist: South African Aquatics Springtails (Insects: Collembola) |
| | Collembola, being small, soft-bodied invertebrates, present different and greater problems for examination than do most other arthropods. | | | Many predacious arthropods prey on Collembola as do coral reef fish, wading birds, small mammals, reptiles and frogs. | | | The cuticle of Collembola is composed of triangular granules that may be fused into larger raised tubercles, rendering it hydrophobic. |
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http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/acollembola.html
(3594 words)
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| | Tiny Bugs Wreak Havoc; Report of Collembola as Human Parasites Supports Recent Research Findings |
| | Collembola are being found in human hair and skin. | | | The NPA says even the experts appear to have missed this 1955 Swedish Medical Journal report in which the well-respected entomologist, anthropologist and author, Felix Bryk, refers to the incidence of Collembola in humans as a plague, making mention of colleagues who during that time had also found Collembola as parasites in humans. | | | Altschuler asserts that there is more of a scientific basis for Collembola in humans than the entomologist and physician's overwhelming acceptance of a psychiatric explanation (Delusions of Parasitosis) for people's sensations of biting, stinging and crawling in their skin. |
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http://www.headlice.org/news/2005/august/tiny_bugs_wreak_havoc.htm
(871 words)
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| | Lab 2, Bio 101 University of Montana |
| | The culture we are using here has been maintained under lab conditions for several years. | | | You can do this yourself if you like. | | | Collembola, or springtails, can jump by means of their furcula (see drawing). |
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http://ibscore.dbs.umt.edu/bio101_01/lab2.htm
(1569 words)
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| | Checklist of the Collembola: Nomina Collembola Belgica |
| | The list includes the references to the original and several subsequent quotations for all 199 species from our country and a link to their distribution maps on a 10*10 km UTM grid. | | | This provisional edition is based on a literature survey and does not yet take into account all our own observations. |
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http://users.skynet.be/sky43955/publicat/belgium/collemb/nomina.htm
(6138 words)
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| | Collembola - definition of Collembola in Encyclopedia |
| | The suborder Arthropleona has an elongated body in contrast to the globular body of the Symphypleona. | | | Recent genetic studies suggest that the Collembola are a separate evolutionary line from the other Hexapoda. | | | The three orders are sometimes grouped together in a class called Entognatha because they have internal mouth parts, but they do not appear to be more closely related to one another than they do to the insects, which have external mouthparts. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Collembola
(206 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | Recent progress in the taxonomy of Collembola (Insecta), especially by analysis of morphological homologies. | | | Phylogenetic study of the suborder Arthropleona (Insecta: Collembola) based on morphological characters and 18S rDNA sequence analysis. | | | A phylogenetic approach by means of 28S rDNA and optimization alignment. |
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http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Collembola&contgroup=Hexapoda
(852 words)
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| | Cold-weather acrobats |
| | Christiansen never suffered the same fate, though he has collected Collembola using the same technique all over the world and quite frequently in Wisconsin. | | | Over 6,000 species have been described, and their evolutionary longevity can be attributed to several factors, Christiansen says. | | | Christiansen has deprived Collembola of food for up to four years in his laboratory. |
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http://www.wnrmag.com/stories/1998/dec98/snowflea.htm
(1328 words)
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| | Mycorrhizal Citations |
| | We discuss mechanisms which may be responsible for this non-linear response, and the implications of the pattern of response to studies of plant competition, nutrient turnover, and revegetation. | | | We hypothesized that the grazing of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) hyphae by soil animals could be responsible for the lack of a direct relationship between mycorrhizal infection intensity and nutrient uptake under field conditions. | | | To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of a range of densities of the collembola, Folsomia candida, on growth, VAM infection, and P uptake in Geranium robertianum, a common forest herb, under greenhouse conditions. |
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http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/latest/1991/91_harris.htm
(242 words)
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| | Gordon's Collembola Care Sheet |
| | There are many simple experiments which can be carried out on them which show up basic biological ideas such as population cycles of growth, decline and competition, as well as simpler experiments involving colour forms and the effects of food and temperature or any other variable you can think off. | | | Collembola reach sexual maturity after their 4th or 5th moult, but unlike most insects, though they are now adults they do not stop moulting but may have as many as 15 to 20 moults before the end of their life, though they do not get any bigger. | | | It is important to remember that any experiment can be fun, and that any result is a success, in schools successive years' data can be compared after a few years to improve the interest. |
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http://www.earthlife.net/insects/collcare.html
(1141 words)
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| | Collembola Software |
| | The resolution of the images of single collembola can be increased by the decrease of the area of interest or by a simple change of the lens. | | | This means up to 20 000 Collembola for an average test. | | | Because dead Collembola and shed skins are losing their hydrophobic characteristic and are eaten by other Collembola as destructive organisms, almost only living organisms float on the water surface. |
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http://www.lemnatec.com/collembolen_software_en.htm
(1331 words)
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| | Mycorrhizal Citations |
| | Grazing by collembola did not affect offset competition. | | | In this experiment the separate and interactive effects of grazing of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae by collembola and of relative germination date of competition between the mycorrhizal perennial grass Panicum virgatum and the non-mycorrhizal annual crucifer Brassica nigra were investigated. | | | Grazing by collembola during simultaneous competition increased the differences in nutrient uptake and tended to shift the competitive balance further toward the non-mycorrhizal B. nigra. |
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http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/latest/1991/91_boerner.htm
(339 words)
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| | Order Collembola |
| | Associated Taxa: The most frequently encountered families are Entomobryidae, Sminthuridae and Poduridae. | | | Some, but not all, Collembola may be recognized by a forked appendage, the furcula, extending from the up of the abdomen. | | | Collecting: Use of a Berlese funnel is the most effective way to collect Collembola, but they may also be collected by hand using a small Brush or aspirator. |
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http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/citybugs/db/Taxonomy.php?Virtual=1&TaxID=1060
(179 words)
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| | Class Collembola |
| | Recent taxonomic works generally treat Collembola as a separate class and recognize from one to five orders. | | | Three families of Collembola have genera with semiaquatic species. | | | The class Collembola, which contains semi-aquatic species, was formerly included in the Apterygota, a primitive subclass of Insecta. |
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http://lakes.chebucto.org/ZOOBENTH/BENTHOS/xviii.html
(372 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | Please explore this site to learn about Springtails. | | | Collembola are among the most important soil Arthropods in Alaska. | | | P.F. Bellinger, K.A. Christiansen, and F. Janssens have authored an amazing web site about Collembola, the Checklist of the Collembola of the World. |
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http://www.uaf.edu/museum/ento/Insect_Omnibus/Collembola
(60 words)
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| | Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning |
| | All researchers agree that the Collembola form a monophyletic group i.e. | | | It arose during evolution from a pair of appendages that fused at their bases. | | | There are at least 50 scientists throughout the world studying the taxonomy, ecology and biology of springtails and an average of 200 scientific publications on the group appear each year. |
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http://www.fathom.com/feature/122603
(2404 words)
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| | Checklist of the Collembola: History |
| | on the taxonomic hierarchy of Collembola by Palacios-Vargas (1994), | | | on Collembola associated with Coenobita clypeatus from Mexico by Maldonado-Vargas and Palacios-Vargas (1999), | | | on Collembola associated with Tillandsia violacea from Mexico by Palacios-Vargas, Castaño-Meneses and Cutz-Pool (2000), |
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http://webhost.ua.ac.be/collembola/doc/history.htm
(650 words)
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| | Collembola references 2000 |
| | Lawrence, K.L. and Wise, D.H. Spider predation on forest-floor Collembola and evidence for indirect effects on decomposition. | | | Benito, J.C.S. and Sanchez, M.J.L. Ecology of springtails (Collembola, Insecta) from pine woods and | | | in: New Family Gulgastruridae of Collembola (Insecta) based on morphological, ecobiological and molecular data. |
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http://www.stevehopkin.co.uk/collembolapapers/2000.html
(3251 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | All Collembola grow by moulting (ecdysis) a process which is temperature dependent. | | | Most Collembola are vegetarians eating only fungal hyphae, living plants, decomposing organic matter, faeces and bracken spores, others are carnivores feeding on other animals such as nematodes and other species of Collembola while several species display cannabalistic tendencies eating their own companions. | | | In terms of sexual preference, female Collembola can be divided into two categories, those which have no need for the opposite sex reproducing parthenogenetically and those which rely on males depositing spermatophores on the ground which can be subsequently picked up by passing individuals. |
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http://www.nicola-reader.supanet.com/collembola.htm
(418 words)
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| | Soil invertebrates: Diversity of Collembola |
| | Our results suggest that treatments 1 and 14, extreme opposites on the spectrum of agricultural inputs, are very similar in diversity of Collembola genera. | | | Throughout this study the operational hypothesis has been that different levels of physical and chemical disturbances influence the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in the WICST cropping systems. | | | Note: # No Collembola sampled in any treatment for September 14 at ARS. |
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http://www.cias.wisc.edu/wicst/pubs/inverteb.htm
(2570 words)
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| | Insect Orders |
| | Collembola are tiny, wingless insects which jump by means of a forked tail-like appendage that folds under the body. | | | Bodies are elongate or globular, usually white, but some are yellowish brown or gray. |
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http://entowww.tamu.edu/fieldguide/orders/collembola.html
(89 words)
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| | Gordon's Collembola Page |
| | The name 'Collembola' was first given to the springtails by John Lubbock in 1871 in his monograph on the Collembola and Thysanura, before that they were treated as part of the same order as Thysanura. | | | There are some lovely paintings of some Collembola done by A.T.Hollick in the 1860's in the book which are well worth a look if you like insects. | | | A Checklist of the Collembola kindly prepared and supplied by Frans Janssens (this is a large file so be patient if you want to see it) |
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http://www.earthlife.net/insects/collembo.html
(1029 words)
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| | North Cascades Glacier Ice Worm research |
| | Collembola are commonly referred to as 'springtails' or 'snowfleas.' Collembola are a very ancient order, sometimes included under Insecta, and sometimes placed in their own order because of some very unique characteristics -- such as their furculum or 'spring' used for jumping -- are not present in any of the insects. | | | Because there are usually several species of Collembola on each glacier, and because the distribution of these species vary, it is likely that springtails will be the focus of ecological studies on glaciers in the future. | | | Collembola occur in virtually every kind of environment: they are found in soil, fresh water, salt water, snow, ice, and about anywhere else you'd care (or not care) to think about. |
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http://www.nichols.edu/departments/glacier/collembola.htm
(580 words)
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| | collembola features |
| | Their bodies are elongated with distinct segmentation or more globular in form | | | The collembola lack true trachea and respire cutaneously over entire body |
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http://www.csuchico.edu/~sacperch/FRI/collembola/collembolafeatures.html
(118 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | But unlike other taxa, reproductive activity occurs only during alternate instars: each reproductive stage is followed by a molt, a short period of feeding, and another molt. | | | The name Collembola, derived from the Greek "coll" meaning glue and "embol" meaning a wedge, refers to a peg-shaped structure, the collophore, on the underside of the first abdominal segment. | | | Biology of the Collembola -- The Natural History Museum |
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http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/collem.html
(710 words)
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| | Brazil Bug Study May Aid Farmland Preservation |
| | Despite this critical function, however, very little is known about Collembola in biologically rich tropical environments. | | | Ken Christensen, a biologist at Grinnell College in Iowa who specializes in the study of Collembola, said the work by Culik and his colleagues "will help remedy this." | | | The research, which is funded in part by a grant from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration, has led to the discovery of several new species of Collembola and the documentation of their abundance in Brazil. |
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/10/1003_021003_brazilbug.html
(741 words)
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| | Entomology 201 |
| | View the web of life site for additional information on Collembola. | | | A source of heat, usually a light bulb, is placed above the funnel and a collecting jar is placed beneath the funnel. | | | If you were interesting in collecting Collembola and soil arthropods what type of equipment might you need ? |
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http://www.ent.iastate.edu/dept/courses/ent201/diversity/collembola/050collecting.html
(146 words)
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| | Insect -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Insects range in size from less than a millimeter (many (Minute wingless arthropods: springtails) collembola species) to over 18 centimeters (some (Any of various mostly tropical insects having long twiglike bodies) walkingsticks) in length. | | | A few smaller groups with similar body plans, such as springtails ((Minute wingless arthropods: springtails) Collembola), are united with the insects in the Subphylum (Insects; about five-sixths of all known animal species) Hexapoda. | | | The true insects (that is, species classified in the Class Insecta) are distinguished from all other arthropods in part by having ectognathous, or exposed, mouthparts and eleven (11) abdominal segments. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/i/in/insect.htm
(1992 words)
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| | Springtail (Collembola) Chemical Toxicity Studies |
| | Springtail (Collembola) Toxicity Studies - Toxicology studies from the primary scientific literature on aquatic organisms | | | Note: Only partial study information is reported on these pages. |
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http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAll.jsp?Species=1426
(155 words)
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| | Collembola Insect Fossils Gallery - Springtails |
| | The Collembola (commonly referred to as springtails) are belived to form a monophyletic group i.e. | | | Collembola are distiguished by a special tube on the ventral side of the first abdominal segment that apparently evolved for fluid exchange; Collembola, derives from the Greek words 'cole', meaning glue, and 'embolon', meaning piston. | | | Most fossil springtails have been described form fossil amber, and with very few exceptions respresent extant genera. |
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http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Galleries/Insect_Galleries_by_Order/Class_Collembola_fossil_insect_gallery/Class_Collembola_fossil_insect_gallery.htm
(190 words)
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| | ScienceDaily Books : Biology of the Springtails: (Insecta : Collembola) |
| | This comprehensive work is the first single-volume book of the 20th century to review the biology of this important group of insects, including a complete list of Collembola genera together with more than 2,500 references as well as the discussions of springtail behavior, physiology and evolution. | | | NC State Researchers Redesign Life For Mars And Beyond (October 25, 2005) — Researchers at North Carolina State University are looking deep under water for clues onhow to redesign plants for life deep in outer space. | | | ScienceDaily Books : Biology of the Springtails: (Insecta : Collembola) |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/cgi-bin/apf4/amazon_products_feed.cgi?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=0198540841
(1475 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | The fourth abdominal segment usually bears a forked 'tail' or springing organ, called the furcula, which is normally folded forward beneath the body when not in use. | | | The name Collembola refers to the adhesive function of this structure (Greek kolla = glue and embolos = peg). | | | Abdomen with a bilobed structure, called the ventral tube, on the underside of the first segment. |
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http://www.kendall-bioresearch.co.uk/collem.htm
(270 words)
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| | A Catalog of the Neotropical Collembola |
| | All reference that deal with the biology or taxonomy of the Neotropical Collembola are included, as well as the fauna of Nearctic areas of Mexico. | | | This catalog lists 959 species distributed into 158 genera and presents a complete list of the species that have been reported from this region until August 1, 1989. |
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http://www.ramex.com/title.asp?id=3623
(291 words)
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| | photos of glacier collembola springtails |
| | The Isotoma is known as the "Behemoth," overshadowing the other Collembola on the glaciers -- The Behemoths are about the size of a dog flea. | | | To learn more about Collembola in general, visit the Collembola website. | | | The huge guy in the photo above -- the Behemoth -- is so called because he overshadows the rest with his bulk, about the size of a dog flea. |
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http://black.clarku.edu/~phartzel/collembola.htm
(201 words)
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| | Collembola |
| | The following checklist for Vermont has been compiled by Peter Bellinger (1982) and represents material from only 8 counties in the state therefore, much more work still remains to be done on Vt. Collembola. | | | The Collembola or springtails (0.5-8mm) are wingless insects with 6 legs, distinct head, 1 pair of 4-segmented antennae, 6 abdominal segments, no true compound eyes, with a ventral tube used for sucking up water, for respiration and for adhesion, and usually a jumping organ at the tail end called a furcula. | | | They eat decaying vegetation, fungi, round worms, rotifers and, in turn, they themselves become prey to mites, ants and various beetles and other insects. |
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http://www.uvm.edu/~rtbell/Collembola.html
(272 words)
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| | Collembola/NCState-AgNIC |
| | Checklist of the Collembola: Genera indices to currently valid genera and available generic keys | | | Links and Information on the families of Collembola |
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http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/agnic/sys_entomology/taxon/collembola
(50 words)
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| | Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Mating in Insects |
| | There are exceptions, of course, and the most dramatic is perhaps the bedbug, where males actually pierce the body cavity of the female with their penis to deposit sperm. | | | Springtails (Order Collembola) are exceptional also in that the male produces spermatophores and places them in a circle around the female. |
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http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/buginfo/mating.htm
(627 words)
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| | Help Collembola keys |
| | Does any of you Collembola specialists (or others) know other (more recent?) good keys to identify Collembola? | | | The major aim is to look at the relation between the age of a forest (reforestation by poplar woods in different years from approx. | | | Hello, Next spring a forestry student is going to start an ecological study of forest collembola. |
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http://www.metla.fi/archive/forest/1995/12/msg00038.html
(132 words)
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