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| | Meiosis |
 | | The chromosome theory of heredity therefore explained the long-standing paradox that the maternal and paternal contributions to the character of the progeny seem to be equal, despite the enormous difference in size between the egg and sperm (see Figure 20-4). | | | In meiotic division I, by contrast, the kinetochores on both sister chromatids behave as a single functional unit, as their attached kinetochore microtubules all point in the same direction so that the sister chromatids stay together when the duplicated homologs separate (see Figure 20-11). | | | From this process alone, one individual could, in principle, produce 2 |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.section.3686
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| | BIOL B242 CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION |
| | This is the phenomenon by which similar repeated change seem to happen in many chromosomes at once. | | | MJD White suggested that they might evolve by a process he called | | | Although we understand some of the processes involved in chromosomal evolution, we understand by no means all of them. |
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http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhdjm/courses/b242/ChromEvol/ChromEvol.html
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| | Hexapedia - Crossover |
| | Crossover fiction or genre busting in books and movies combines elements of one established genre (such as horror or westerns) with another such genre, creating a hybrid form. | | | Crossover music is music which has commercial success in a genre other than that it was originally aimed at, or in multiple genres. | | | A crossover may also refer to a particular type of electronic filter. |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/crossover
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| | Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This outcome is the normal way for crossover to occur. | | | Homologous Recombination is the process by which two chromosomes, paired up during prophase I of meiosis, exchange some distal portion of their DNA. | | | The genetic variation of a population is thereby increased through chromosomal crossover. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover
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| | Meiosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Sites of crossing over entangle together, effectively overlapping, making chiasmata clearly visible. | | | Meiosis uses many biochemical processes that are similar to those used in mitosis in order to distribute chromosomes among the resulting cells; however the outcome is very different. | | | Meiosis forms the basis of sexual reproduction and can only occur in eukaryotes. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis
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| | [No title] |
| | This is the biological equivalent, for example, of grafting the legs of a very fast runner onto the body of a person having great upper body strength in order to achieve some environmental fitness objective. | | | It describes the expansion of an individual synthetic chromosome into a state model such that, when it is"stepped through"or executed, a trial matrix of encoded parameters will be generated within the range of values as passed to the recursive subroutine"GEOMGROW". | | | It is the integrated dynamical behavior of this regulatory system which coordinates the expression of different genes in each cell type of the organism and underlies the orderly unfolding of ontogeny."Stuart A. Kauffman,"The Origins of Order", pages 441-442, Oxford University Press, Inc. 1993. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/39004.010531&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Crossover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Crossover SUV, a car-based SUV (rather than truck-based) | | | Crossover (physics), the variation of the exponent in power-law when varying two different parameters close to a critical point where the power-law becomes singular | | | Crossover (music), music that has commercial success in a genre other than that it was originally aimed at |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover
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| | Solar Research at the High Altitude Observatory |
| | The crossover operation is what distinguishes genetic algorithms from other adaptive stochastic techniques, and to a large degree is responsible for the efficient exploration capabilities of genetic algorithms. | | | For each gene of each offspring chromosome, a random number between 0 and 1 is generated, and if this number is smaller than a preset mutation probability Pm then the gene value is randomly changed to any other legal value. | | | The first step is to construct an encoding of each parent, in the form of a string-like structure or chromosome. |
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http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Public/models/pikaia/breeding.html
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| | Gamete - Biocrawler |
| | This hybridization has a random element and the chromosomes tend to be a little different in every gamete an individual produces. | | | Gametes from a mature diploid individual will be produced in the gonadal tissue through meiosis—a process of cellular division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one (i.e., produces haploid gametes). | | | The diploid somatic cells of an individual will contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg—that is, the cells of the offspring will have genes expressing characteristics of both the "father" and the "mother". |
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http://www.biocrawler.com/encyclopedia/Gamete
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| | Genetics Glossary Co-Cz |
| | A non-lethal human condition in infants caused by deletion of part of one homologue of chromosome 5. | | | The cytological approach to genetics, mainly involving microscopic studies of chromosomes. | | | In prokaryotes the transfer is a one-way process. |
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http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/glossary/c2.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | High proportions of P. stuartii (80-100%) were resistant to gentamicin both in wards where the drug is widely used and in others (e.g., geriatric wards) in which it was not used at all. | | | This enzyme is believed to have, in addition to its known role in aminoglycoside resistance, an important housekeeping function in the 0- acetylation of peptidoglycan. | | | In contrast, non-isolated nucleic acids are nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA which are found in the state they exist in nature. |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/42875.981001&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Linkage: Chapter 5 |
| | Deletion Mapping: technique through which genes can be located to particular chromosome segment. | | | J.B.S. Haldane: organisms with a chromosomal mechanism of sex determination, recombination is generally higher in the homogametic sex. | | | Use of haploid organisms in Linkage and mapping studies A. Chlamydomonas and Neurospora: somatic cells are haploid, but go through a diploid stage in reproduction. |
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http://facweb.furman.edu/~lthompson/linkage.htm
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| | Experimental Setup: COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE EVOLUTION OF FORAGING STRATEGIES: APPLICATION TO THE ICHNOLOGICAL RECORD |
| | If the parents are dissimilar, such crossover will normally produce a highly dysfunctional control structure, because modules are integrated into a functional whole and are not likely to function in another context. | | | Such an effect might conceivably lead to the formation of "species," but this has not been investigated in the current experiments. | | | of the network can be interchanged between two individuals during mating in a process that can be compared with chromosomal crossover. |
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http://www.ga.gov.au/paleo/1998_2/hammer/exper.htm
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| | Crossing over - EvoWiki |
| | This process can result in an exchange of alleles between chromosomes. | | | Crossing over is a form of recombination which occurs only in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. | | | Two genes on the same chromosome that are close together are said to be linked and less likely to recombine. |
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http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Crossing_over
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| | chromosomal mutation - definition of chromosomal mutation by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | chromosomal mutation - (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism | | | transposition - (genetics) a kind of mutation in which a chromosomal segment is transfered to a new position on the same or another chromosome |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chromosomal+mutation
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| | Genetic Linkage |
| | From this information we can determine the order by asking the question: In the double-crossover genotypes, which parental allele is not associated with the two parental alleles it was associated with in the original parental cross. | | | This effectively places the non-parental allele of the middle gene onto a chromosome with the parental alleles of the two flanking genes. | | | The concept is that given specific recombination rates in two adjacent chromosomal intervals, the rate of double-crossovers in this region should be equal to the product of the single crossovers. |
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http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/linkage/linkage3.htm
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| | INNO: X-RAY (TV) RADIATION - NO FIRM LEVELS! (? Danger at all levels?) RADIATION ... |
| | Unlike the multiple mechanisms of endogenous DNA repair, gene repair (or gene correction) refers to a form of gene therapy, which precisely targets and corrects chromosomal mutations responsible for a disorder. | | | It does so by replacing the flawed DNA sequence with the desired sequence, using techniques such as | | | When only one of the two strands of a chromosome has a defect, the other strand can be used as a template to guide the correction of the damaged strand. |
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http://www.hi.is/~joner/eaps/radhaz1.htm
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| | Ulcers.and.Bacteria |
| | Campbell (1988) and others have argued, in contrast, that discoveries arise because of a process of blind variation akin to what occurs in genetic mutation. | | | These proponents of evolutionary epistemology have defended a biological model of discovery in which hypotheses are formed by blind variation or recombination, just as biological organisms achieve genetic diversity through mutation and chromosomal crossover. | | | From a computational perspective, blind variation seems likely to be slow and ineffective: cognition operates much more efficiently than biological evolution which has myriad organisms and vast stretches of time. |
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http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Ulcers.one.html
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| | World-renowned geneticist joins KU's Edwards Campus faculty |
| | Studying such genes may lead to a better understanding of the causes of certain birth defects in humans, such as Down syndrome. | | | His work concentrates on the cell division that occurs in the germline, the cells of the ovary that produce eggs, and the cells in the testes that produce sperm. | | | He has discovered a number of genes that influence chromosomal crossover events -- or meiotic recombination. |
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http://www.news.ku.edu/2002/02N/SeptNews/Sept25/hawley.html
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| | eMedicine - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia : Article by Thomas A Wilson, MD |
| | Therefore, only patients with the most severe loss of function of CYP21 have salt wasting. | | | The proximity of CYP21P with CYP21 is thought to predispose the CYP21 to crossovers in meiosis between CYP21 and CYP21P, resulting in loss of gene function. | | | Two tissue forms of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase have been described. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic48.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | (3) Take those individuals which are fit enough to reproduce (the rest die), and create a new generation of individuals through sexual reproduction (like chromosomal crossover in real biological organisms... | | | (2) Test each chromosome on the problem at hand by running it as a computer program, and then giving it a score ("fitness") that measures how well it does. | | | The "chromosomes" had already been turned into "classifers" (self- activating if-then rules which posted "messages" on a "bulletin board"). |
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http://home.intranet.org/~estin/essays/complexity3.txt
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| | Lewis University - Environmental Science |
| | A study of the mechanisms of inheritance in plants, animals and man, this course emphasizes the cytological basis of inheritance, gene linkage, crossover, chromosomal aberration, genetic coding and gene action at the molecular level, as well as developmental genetics. |
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http://www.lewisu.edu/academics/envsci
(863 words)
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| | Antisense Therapy Prevents Burkitt's Lymphoma In Mice |
| | Each of these translocations causes the c-myc gene to be produced in large amounts, which leads to tumors. | | | Those afflicted with the disease express a characteristic chromosomal crossover between chromosomes 8 and 14, and more rarely, 8 and 22, and 2 and 8. | | | The Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes virus, has been isolated from Burkitt's lymphoma tumors and has been implicated as a causative agent in about 25 percent of cases. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/1998-08/TJU-ATPB-040898.php
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| | Essential genes |
| | However, the development of free duplications and crossover-suppressing chromosomal rearrangements (balancer chromosomes) allowed easy maintenance of lethals and steriles, thus making it feasible to carry out large-scale screens for non-conditional lethal mutations (see Edgley et al., 1995 for a detailed discussion of balancer chromosomes). | | | For mel and spe mutants it has been possible to develop genome-wide screens for non-conditional mutations in the absence of balancer chromosomes. | | | Herman, R.K. Crossover suppressors and balanced recessive lethals in Caenorhabditis elegans. |
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http://dev.wormbook.org/chapters/www_essentialgenes/essentialgenes.html
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| | David Suzuki |
| | Suzuki’s doctoral thesis examined the chromosomal crossover of the fruit fly. | | | Shunning lucrative U.S. job offers in favour of an assistant professor’s post at the University of Alberta, he returned to Canada in 1962, moving on, in 1963, to the University of British Columbia, where he became professor of zoology at age 33. | | | His family relocated to Leamington, Ontario, after the war. |
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http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume6/224-225.htm
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| | How to make AI in game "learn" - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums |
| | The sorts of operators used are mutation, chromosomal splicing (crossover), fitness weighted mating practices, etc. | | | A GA is a class of algorithms that implement genetics inspired operators to propose solutions to a problem. |
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http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=183531
(5857 words)
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