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| | Structure and Function of Cholinergic Pathways in the Cerebral Cortex, Limbic System, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus of ... |
 | | Cholinergic pathways are phylogenetically ancient and anatomically ubiquitous. | | | Cortical cholinergic pathways are thus in a position to alter the neural impact of sensory experiences according to their behavioral significance. | | | The preferential concentration of cholinergic innervation in these parts of cortex may explain why cholinergic antagonists and cholinoactive drugs seem to have a preferential effect on memory, learning, and other limbic functions such as mood, reward, and aggressive behaviors (15, 77, 78). |
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http://www.acnp.org/g4/gn401000012/ch012.html
(5715 words)
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| | Urticaria, Cholinergic |
| | Cholinergic Urticaria is a disorder of the immune system characterized by an immediate skin reaction (hypersensitivity) to heat, emotional stress, and/or exercise. | | | Hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Atarax) is the drug of choice for the treatment of Cholinergic Urticaria. | | | Cholinergic Urticaria is a specific form of Physical Urticaria. |
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http://hw.healthdialog.com/kbase/nord/nord249.htm
(1781 words)
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| | Effects of 60 Hz Magnetic Field on the Cholinergic System |
| | The purpose of this research project is to study the effects of 60-Hz magnetic field exposure on neurological functions and behavior in the rat. | | | Since both cholinergic system and endogenous opioids play important roles in neurophysiological functions, and behavioral changes could lead to detrimental health effects, we will carry out experiments to further investigate and characterize our preliminary findings. | | | Data from preliminary experiments suggest that acute exposure to magnetic fields affects two neurochemical systems in the brain of the rat. |
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http://infoventures.com/emf/federal/rapid/nov95res/lai.html
(928 words)
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| | eMedicine - Urticaria, Cholinergic : Article by Jere D Guin, MD, FACP |
| | Aspirin aggravated the condition in 52% of patients with cholinergic urticaria, which is similar to other forms of urticaria. | | | In cholinergic urticaria, whether skin lesions are provoked by passive heating of the body at rest (eg, saunalike conditions) or by active heating at a low ambient temperature is basically related to the thermoregulatory process. | | | Cholinergic dermographism comprises a localized distribution of typical tiny wheals that appear after stroking the skin of some patients with cholinergic urticaria. |
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http://emedicine.com/DERM/topic442.htm
(1981 words)
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| | The role of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in cognitive functions |
| | The basic mechanisms by which the cholinergic therapy affects cognition are still poorly understood. | | | Therefore, the basis of the cholinergic therapy for AD is mainly symptomatic. | | | Cholinergic synapses in the rat brain: a correlated light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study employing a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase. |
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http://www.uku.fi/neuro/54the.htm
(17634 words)
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| | Cholinergic Transmission |
| | That is the result of a less obvious third effect in the eye, which is mediated by interruption of cholinergic tone to the ciliary muscle which controls the angle of refraction of the lens. | | | In the absence of more specific therapy, diazepam (ValiumR) can be used to control the delirium and convulsions. | | | Contraction of the ciliary muscle allows the lens to round up by its own elasticity to accommodate for near vision. |
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http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rpsmith/Cholinergic_Transmission.html
(11031 words)
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| | Fetal Chlorpyrifos Exposure: Adverse Effects on Brain Cell Development and Cholinergic Biomarkers Emerge Postnatally ... |
| | CPF has adverse effects on cholinergic synaptic function and behavior that are elicited even at exposures below the threshold for overt fetal or maternal toxicity, with a window of vulnerability extending from prenatal through neonatal stages (Dam et al. | | | Indeed, when animals given prenatal CPF were evaluated for behavioral performance in adolescence and adulthood, they displayed deficits in cognitive behaviors that depend specifically upon septohippocampal cholinergic function, and showed selective loss of the cholinergic components of working and reference memory (Levin et al. | | | Neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure alters synaptic development and neuronal activity in cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways. |
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http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2003/5828/5828.html
(7778 words)
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| | Facilitation of dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in adult rats following cholinergic denervation. |
| | These results suggest that cholinergic denervation of the forebrain causes a marked enhancement of behavioral responses related to dopaminergic activity, probably mainly mediated presynaptically. | | | Facilitation of dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in adult rats following cholinergic denervation. | | | Therefore, the main aim of this study was to examine the effect of central cholinergic denervation on dopamine-mediated functions. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_11869038.html
(310 words)
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| | J.J. Askenasi |
| | However, perfusion of NBTI in ventrolateral and ventroanterior thalamic nuclei did not affect behavioral state, although local adenosine concentration was increased to the same extent as with BF perfusion. | | | This suggests that adenosine may have specific effects on cholinergic zones important in arousal. | | | A subpopulation of these neurons selectively discharges just before and during REM sleep, and a variety of in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate they excite effector neurons in the pontine reticular neurons to produce the brainstem-generated signs of REM sleep. |
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http://www.websciences.org/takeda/mccarley.html
(440 words)
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| | [Frontiers in Bioscience 2, d309-316, June 15, 1997] |
| | Similar results were found in response to application of carbachol (110). | | | CET does not produce any reliable change in basal or stimulus-dependent [ | | | The effects of the specific muscarinic cholinergic antagonist atropine are also similar (113). |
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http://www.bioscience.org/1997/v2/d/peris/6.htm
(686 words)
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| | Biochemistry of Neurotransmitters |
| | The responses of cholinergic neurons can also be enhanced by administration of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors. | | | ChE inhibitors have been used as components of nerve gases but also have significant medical application in the treatment of disorders such as glaucoma and myasthenia gravis as well as in terminating the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents such as atropine. | | | Several naturally occurring compounds have been shown to affect cholinergic nerons, either positively or negatively. |
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http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/nerves.html
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| | Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration. |
| | Previous lesion and aging studies in the rat have shown that intracerebroventricular NGF infusions can prevent degenerative changes in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. | | | This finding may be relevant to the hypothesis that NGF has potential use as a cholinergic "neurotrophic-factor therapy," given that loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is common in Alzheimer's disease. | | | Cholinergic fibers of the septohippocampal projection in the primate were surgically transected, followed by infusion of either a vehicle or an NGF solution into the ventricular system for a 4-week period. |
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http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_2230949.html
(226 words)
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| | Nervous System |
| | This action permits drainage of the aqueous humor and thus relieves the pressure due to a glaucoma condition. | | | The effects of cholinergic stimulation include: vasodilation of blood vessels; slower heart rate; constriction of bronchioles and reduced secretion of mucus in the respiratory tract; intestinal cramps; secretion of salvia; sweat and tears; and constriction of eye pupils. | | | Stimulation of cholinergic nerves is achieved either directly or indirectly. |
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http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/662cholinergic.html
(579 words)
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| | High Dose CPT-11 Infusion - Cholinergic Symptoms |
| | Also, they studied the role of atropine in treating the cholinergic symptoms. | | | Cholinergic symptoms of sweating, flushing and abdominal cramping occurred in 68.5% of the patients, usually during the infusion. | | | Forty-one of the 92 CRC patients took atropine. |
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http://www.meds.com/conrad/asco97/petit.html
(514 words)
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| | cholinergic - definition of cholinergic in Encyclopedia |
| | A cholinergic agent, also known as a parasympathomimetic is a chemical which functions to enhance the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, or both. | | | Embed a dictionary search in your own web page | | | A synapse is cholinergic if it uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/cholinergic
(83 words)
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