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| | Bugs in the News - What the Heck is a Chloroplast? |
 | | Chlorophyll embedded within the chloroplast structure (or if isolated and put into a bottle for that matter) is able to absorb the right "kind" of photons (as determined by the wavelength of the light encountered). | | | Bugs in the News - What the Heck is a Chloroplast? | | | The structural organization of the chloroplast is very important to its ability to function. |
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http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/chloroplast.html
(775 words)
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| | Many Parallel Losses of infA from Chloroplast DNA during Angiosperm Evolution with Multiple Independent Transfers to ... |
| | Gantt, J.S., Baldauf, S.L., Calie, P.J., Weeden, N.F., and Palmer, J.D. (1991) Transfer of rpl22 to the nucleus greatly preceded its loss from the chloroplast and involved the gain of an intron. | | | GenBank, we were able to study the structure of the chloroplast | | | chloroplast rpl23 locus is a pseudogene and has been functionally |
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http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/content/full/13/3/645
(7529 words)
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| | Plant Physiology Online: A Novel View of Chloroplast Structure |
| | Long thin protuberances sometimes form and extend from the main plastid body into the cytosol, occasionally touching and fusing with projections extending from other chloroplasts (Kohler et al., 1997b; Movie 1). | | | Plant Physiology Online: A Novel View of Chloroplast Structure | | | The first experiment to label chloroplasts in vivo with GFP utilized a nuclear transgene carrying a chloroplast transit sequence fused to the GFP sequence. |
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http://www.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=e&id=122
(1425 words)
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| | Chloroplast Team: Research Projects |
| | While there is precedence for the transit of cytosolic protiens into the chloroplast, there is no evidence of a reciprocal interaction. | | | The chloroplast team has set out to examine the chloroplasts of Acetabularia acetabulum in three different ways... | | | While Luttke & others have reported percentage of chloroplasts with DNA, there has been no analysis of total chloroplast numbers throughout the different phases of A. acetabulum's life cycle as has been defined by the Mandoli lab. |
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http://courses.washington.edu/dmandoli/Teams/Organelle/Research/Research2000.html
(865 words)
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| | DLC-ME The Microbe Zoo Water World Pond Spirogyra |
| | This chloroplast is green when viewed with traditional light microscopy. | | | This is the spiral-shaped chloroplast of the algae, Spirogyra. | | | Here it is seen as red, since the chloroplast was fluorescing red. |
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http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/zwpspiro.html
(31 words)
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| | Chloroplast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Chloroplasts are one of the forms a plastid may take, and are generally considered to have originated as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. | | | In some cases, such secondary endosymbionts have themselves been engulfed by still other eukaryotes, forming tertiary endosymbionts. | | | It is interesting to note that in some algae (such as the heterokonts and other protists such as Euglenozoa and Cercozoa), chloroplasts seem to have arisen through a secondary event of endosymbiosis, in which a eukaryotic cell engulfed a second eukaryotic cell containing chloroplasts, forming chloroplasts with three or four membrane layers. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast
(621 words)
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| | Chloroplasts |
| | The thylakoid membranes enclose a lumen: a system of vesicles (that may all be interconnected). | | | At various places within the chloroplast these are stacked in arrays called grana (resembling a stack of coins). | | | The genes encode some - but not all - of the molecules needed for chloroplast function. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Chloroplasts.html
(311 words)
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| | chloroplast on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The chloroplast is generally flattened and lens-shaped and consists of a body, or stroma, in which are embedded from a few to as many as 50 submicroscopic bodies—the grana—made up of stacked, disklike plates. | | | Chloroplasts are reponsible for the green color of almost all plants and are lacking only in plants that do not make their own food, such as fungi and nongreen parasitic or saprophytic higher plants. | | | The chloroplasts of algae are simpler than those of higher plants and may contain special, often conspicuous, starch-accumulating structures called pyrenoids. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/c1/chloropl.asp
(607 words)
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| | Putting Genes in Chloroplast Not "Environmentally Friendly" |
| | The inherent hyper-expressivity of the transgenes and the complexity of the regulation of chloroplast gene expression greatly increase the risks to health and the environment. | | | Well-designed and transparent scientific studies on the stability and ecology of transgenes are needed before considering large-scale release into the environment, and especially so for transgenes inserted into the chloroplast genome. | | | The integrity of chloroplast transgene expression and the integrity of transgenic sequences in successive generations or crosses have simply not been tested. |
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http://www.biotech-info.net/chloroplast_genes.html
(1569 words)
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| | Chloroplast |
| | Sugar does not have to be used to make cellulose for the support structure of the plant. | | | Even LED's do not convert 100% of the electricity into light, some energy is lost as heat, and chlorophyll does not absorb all light. | | | Water added to the medium will have to be filtered to keep it sterile; the filter must prevent introduction of bacteriophages. |
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http://chapters.marssociety.org/winnipeg/chloroplast.html
(2006 words)
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| | Chloroplast |
| | You can enter the chloroplast model and observe its structure. | | | The inner membrane and the sacks - tylakoids - inside the chloroplast contain the enzymes which transform light energy into the energy forms that can be used by the cell. | | | Inside the is chloroplast matrix - fluid with the enzymes building carbohydrates used by the cell for its vital energy demanding functions. |
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http://colos1.fri.uni-lj.si/~colos/COLOS/EXAMPLES/BIOLOGY/kloropl1wa.html
(175 words)
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| | Chloroplasts |
| | Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have these charactristics of prokaryotes(bacteria) this and other evidence has led biologists to formulated the endosymbiotic hypothesis. | | | Because of their geen color chloroplast are the only organelles that can be easily seen with a light microscope. | | | Chlorophyll, the green compound which gives chloroplasts their color, is found in the membranes of the thylakoids. |
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http://www.winterwren.com/apbio/cellorganelles/cplast.html
(237 words)
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| | chloroplast |
| | It is thought that the chloroplasts were originally free-living cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) which invaded larger, non-photosynthetic cells and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. | | | Chloroplasts occur in most cells of green plants that are exposed to light, often in large numbers. | | | Plant and animal cells share many structures, such as ribosomes, mitochondria, and chromosomes, but they also have notable differences: plant cells have chloroplasts, a large vacuole, and a cellulose cell wall. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006920.html
(280 words)
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| | Chloroplasts |
| | The chloroplasts are lens-shaped organelles found in leaves and other green organisms. | | | Chloroplasts can also come from the division of other chloroplasts; this can happen because they contain their own DNA molecules. | | | These membranes are in such an order that they form stacks called grana. |
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http://www.cdli.ca/~dpower/cell/chloro.htm
(212 words)
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| | ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Chloroplast |
| | The dark reaction takes place in the stroma (matrix) of the chloroplast, where the energy stored in the ATP and NADPH | | | Chloroplast, structure in the cells of plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place. |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/Chloroplast.html
(84 words)
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| | Photosynthetic Mutant Library |
| | Prior studies indicate that a disruption of most any step in the biogenesis of the chloroplast (i.e. | | | Less time will be spent sorting through useless alleles in which the Mu insertion does not disrupt gene function. | | | Arabidopsis mutants are best suited for approaches that require the frequent generation of transgenic plants. |
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http://chloroplast.uoregon.edu
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| | Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Chloroplasts |
| | We'll hit the highpoints for the structure of a chloroplast. | | | They create sugars, and the byproduct of that process is the oxygen that we breathe. | | | The stroma is an area inside of the chloroplast where reactions occur and starches (sugars) are created. |
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http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html
(317 words)
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| | BEAM Circuits -- Chloroplast type 1 SE |
| | Craig Maynard greatly improved on that design using the same principle but simplifying the circuit in his elegant Chloroplast design. | | | The Chloroplast Solar Engine homepage is here (3 images, 78 kBytes inline); Wilf's post of his new Chloroplast variants is here. | | | Craig Maynard dreamed up the Chloroplast solar engine (an interesting design, tho' it uses two parts you probably won't have sitting around in your parts drawer). |
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http://www.solarbotics.net/library/circuits/se_t1_chloro.html
(1107 words)
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| | Encyclopedia article on Plant [EncycloZine] |
| | The same is true of the red algae, and the two groups are generally believed to have a common origin. | | | In contrast, most other algae have chloroplasts with three or four membranes. | | | With a few exceptions among the green algae, all such forms have cell walls containing cellulose and chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, and store food in the form of starch. |
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http://encyclozine.com/Plants
(1631 words)
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| | Cell Organelles: The Chloroplast |
| | Within the stroma are other membrane structures - the thylakoids and grana (singular = granum) where photosynthesis takes place. | | | Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells. | | | These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll, hence provide the green color. |
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http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/chloropl.htm
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| | Chloroplast.html |
| | The many thylakoids in a chloroplast give the chloroplast a green color. | | | The many chloroplasts in a leaf mesophyll cell give that cell a green color. | | | These chlorophyll-binding proteins give the thylakoids an intense green color. |
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http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/chloroplast.html
(333 words)
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| | The Chloroplast |
| | They use the sun's energy to make food for the plant through a process called photosynthesis. | | | A chloroplast is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells. | | | Chloroplasts are oval-shaped, green structures usually containing chlorophyll, a green pigment. |
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http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/chloro.htm
(104 words)
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| | UNIVERSAL CHLOROPLAST INTEGRATION AND EXPRESSION VECTORS, TRANSFORMED PLANTS AND PRODUCTS THEREOF (EP1002115A1) |
| | The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. | | | + Chloroplast Integration and Expression Vectors with EPSPS in Tobacco. | | | Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are transformed which have never been transformed heretofore. |
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http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=EP01002115A1
(400 words)
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| | Chloroplast |
| | However, the inner membrane system serves as the center for the light reactions of photosynthesis. | | | A transmission electron micrograph of a chloroplast is shown elsewhere. |
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http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/chloroplastdiag.html
(56 words)
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| | 50. Structure of chloroplast DNA isolated from rice |
| | We isolated rice chloroplast DNA, and constructed a physical map of the DNA (Hirai et al. | | | Rice chloroplast DNA: a physical map and the location of the genes for the large subunit of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxilase and the 32KD photosystem II reaction center protein. | | | The genetic map deduced from the total sequence and a physical map are shown in Fig. |
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http://www.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn5/v5IX50.html
(142 words)
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| | The Plant Cell |
| | Plant cells that are not engaged in photosynthesis also have plastids that serve other functions, such as | | | Link to discussion of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts. | | | Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophylls - the pigments that harvest the light used in photosynthesis. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PlantCell.html
(394 words)
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| | The Cell |
| | As pictured at left, the cell wall gives the plant cell a defined shape which helps support individual parts of plants. | | | The chloroplast allow plants to harvest energy from sunlight. | | | Specialized pigments in the chloroplast (including the common green pigment chlorophyll) absorb sunlight and use this energy to complete the chemical reaction: |
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http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
(534 words)
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| | Chloroplast structure. |
| | As the light reactions proceed, the inside of the thlyakoid develops a high concentration of hydrogen ions, and this is important for the production of ATP by the chloroplast. | | | By the way, chloroplasts and related organelles, called plastids are believed to have arisen as free living bacteria that became symbiotic with the ancestors of photosynthetic eukaryotes. | | | VBS Home page,VBS Course Navigator, Photosynthesis, The Chloroplast, Previous Page, Next Page |
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http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/photosyn/chlorpla.html
(154 words)
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| | Chloroplast Net |
| | V. Nuclear Genes Encoding Chloroplast Components (Database updated: Feb 9, 2006) |
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http://chloroplast.net
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