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| | CELLS II: CELLULAR ORGANIZATION |
 | | Cell movement; is both internal, referred to as cytoplasmic streaming and external, referred to as motility. | | | The theory of ___ was proposed to explain the possible origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria. | | | These are not structures as such but rather are associated with actin near the moving edge. |
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html
(2695 words)
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| | Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall Contacts -- Kohorn 124 (1): 31 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY |
| | WAK that is associated with both pectin and GRP is phosphorylated, suggesting a functional relationship. | | | This extracellular matrix (ECM) has the potential to influence | | | Finally, it will be important to include in our concept of the cell wall the mechanical force that it provides. |
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http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/124/1/31
(5715 words)
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| | Medmicro Chapter 2 |
| | The movement of the basal body is driven by a proton motive force rather than by ATP directly. | | | Wall teichoic acids are found only in certain Gram-positive bacteria (such as staphylococci, streptococci, lactobacilli, and Bacillus spp); so far, they have not been found in gram- negative organisms. | | | Therefore, autolytic wall-degrading enzymes that cause cell wall breakage may account for Gram-negative or variable reactions in cultures of Gram-positive organisms (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and some Bacillus spp). |
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http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch002.htm
(5515 words)
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| | Botany online: Cell Wall - Cell Walls of Algae |
| | Differences in the type of the flexor reflexes hint at the fact that cellulose could aggregate in many more or less uniform crystalline structures. | | | Many of them are single-celled, some have no cell wall, others do though its composition and structure differ strongly from that of higher plants. | | | It seems quite likely that a structure like that of the cell wall has developed several times in the course of evolution. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e26/26d.htm
(1232 words)
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| | Dr. Tritz: Bacteria |
| | During this period of balanced growth, the rate of increase can be expressed by a natural exponential function. | | | These are based on the presentation to the human body of the bacteria, its parts and its metabolites. | | | Attached to the rigid peptidoglycan framework of the cell wall are various polysaccharides which are covalently linked to the peptidoglycan. |
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http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Bacteria.htm
(2925 words)
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| | Cell Wall Genomics - Plant Cell Wall |
| | CYP98A3 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a 3©ˆ-hydroxylase of phenolic esters, a missing link in the phenylpropanoid pathway. | | | Lignin is a complex, hydrophobic secondary cell wall polymer typically found in tracheary elements and sclerenchyma that provides structural rigidity, a water-proofing of certain cells, and a mechanical barrier against pests and pathogens. | | | The cellulose-XyG framework of Type I walls is embedded in a pectin matrix that controls several physiological properties, such as wall porosity, charge density, and microfibril spacing (Willats et al. |
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http://cellwall.genomics.purdue.edu/plantcellwall
(1308 words)
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| | ARS Project: Identify Cell Wall Factors Limiting Digestibility and Forage Utilization in Sustainable Dairy Farming ... |
| | Both natural mutants and molecularly altered plants containing mutations that affect major steps of the lignin monomer pathway will be characterized in order to develop novel approaches for improving forage utilization. | | | Transferases involved in the acylation of lignin and polysaccharides will be characterized to determine their roles in lignification of forages cell walls. | | | These wall structural and biochemical studies will provide insight into the complex effects of lignin composition and structure on cell wall digestibility. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=405134
(326 words)
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| | The Cell Wall |
| | It is stiff, rigid, nonliving, and made of cellulose. | | | This is the outermost layer in the plant cell. | | | The cell wall is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells. |
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http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/cellwall.htm
(104 words)
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| | Plant Cell Wall Basics |
| | Xyloglucan oligosaccharides are solubilized by treating walls with endoglucanse. | | | Pectic polysaccharides (RG-I, RG-II, and oligogalacturonides) are released by treating walls with endopolygalacturonase. | | | High molecular weight hemicelluloses are solubilized by treating walls with 1 and 4M KOH |
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http://cell.ccrc.uga.edu/~mao/intro/ouline.htm
(993 words)
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| | Cell wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Unlike the primary wall, the microfibrils are aligned mostly in the same direction, and with each additional layer the orientation changes slightly. | | | This pressure can often be as high as 15 atmospheres. | | | Secondary cell walls may contain lignin and suberin, making the walls rigid. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wall
(942 words)
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| | GLOSSARYC |
| | cardiac muscle The type of muscle that is found in the walls of the heart. | | | The cell theory states that all living things are composed of at least one cell and that the cell is the fundamental unit of function in all organisms. | | | cell theory One of the four (or five) unifying concepts in biology. |
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossC.html
(2109 words)
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| | The Dynamic Plant Cell Wall |
| | Consequently, a bacterial cell is thought to use the flow of cellulose molecules to affect motility. | | | Because the cell wall prevents a cell from expanding, some proteins in the matrix are responsible for loosening the structure of the wall when a cell grows. | | | The ability of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) to rapidly induce cell elongation was first demonstrated in classical experiments on coleoptiles from grasses and oats. |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=mcb.section.6590
(2310 words)
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| | The Cell |
| | And there are cells that only function when part of a larger organism, such as the cells that make up your body. | | | The cell is one of the most basic units of life. | | | The cell is the smallest unit of life in our bodies. |
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http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
(534 words)
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| | cell wall |
| | The result of this turgor pressure is to give the cell, and therefore the plant, rigidity. | | | No vertebrate is able to produce cellulase, the enzyme necessary for the breakdown of cellulose into sugar. | | | Water is absorbed by osmosis causing the cell to expand and develop an internal hydrostatic pressure (wall pressure) that acts against the cellulose wall. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0031201.html
(455 words)
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| | The Bacterial Cell Wall |
| | The crosslinked peptidoglycan molecules form a network which covers the cell like a grid. | | | The lipid portion of the LPS contains a toxic substance, called Lipid A, which is responsible for most of the pathogenic affects associated with harmful Gram-negative bacteria. | | | - the strength of the wall is responsible for keeping the cell from bursting when the intracellular osmolarity is much greater than the extracellular teichoic osmolarity |
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http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/path/00001438.htm
(455 words)
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| | Monoclonal Antibody Toolkit for Plant Cell Walls |
| | The lack of well characterized acceptor molecules that are required by glycosyltransferases further hampers functional characterization. | | | Thus, increasing our knowledge of the structure and function of the macromolecular components of primary walls and how their synthesis is co-ordinated and regulated is requiired to understand how these components interact to form a functional wall. | | | Moreover, chemical methods lack the sensitivity and resolution to detect changes in wall composition and structure that may occur in small numbers of cells. |
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http://cell.ccrc.uga.edu/~mao/wallmab/Backgr/backgrd.htm
(1161 words)
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| | Plant Cell Wall |
| | This function allows the cell to perform homeostatis upon itself, and live in a natural and contained environment. | | | Cellulose provides a stiff and rigid environment for the cell to live in. | | | This gives the cell a stable area and self contianed environment. |
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http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/c/cell_wall
(330 words)
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| | Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure |
| | Plants may also have organelles like chloroplasts and vacuoles. | | | Some cells are used to carry oxygen through the blood and others might be specific to the heart. | | | If you look at simpler organisms, you may discover cells that have no defined nucleus and other cells that have hundreds of nuclei (multinucleated). |
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http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
(308 words)
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| | The Plant Cell Wall |
| | The cellulose framework of the wall is interpenetrated by a cross-linked "matrix" of non-cellulose molecules. | | | The most characteristic component of plant cell walls is cellulose, which largely determines their architecture. | | | Cell walls are not merely outer, inactive covering of the plant cell itself but are critical in function such as: |
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http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/1115/cm1503/cellwall.htm
(464 words)
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| | Bacterial Cell Model |
| | Bacteria may have one, a few, or many flagella in different positions on the cell. | | | This is a lipid bilayer much like the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane of other cells. | | | Mycoplasma are bacteria that have no cell wall and therefore have no definite shape. |
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http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm
(429 words)
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| | Cell Wall |
| | The amount of capsule produced by a cell depends on the culture conditions. | | | - the core has the normal cell structures such as the nucleiod, but | | | The position of the spore in the mother cells Sporangium is often used for identification purposes, because of the differences in different species. |
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http://www.uta.edu/biology/badon/classnotes/3444/lecture4.htm
(1964 words)
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| | Botany online: Cell Wall |
| | The thus developing structure is called the phragmoplast. | | | The structure of cell walls could well be compared to that of reinforced concrete: the scaffolding substance, cellulose in plants, iron in concrete is embedded in an amorphous ground substance, the matrix. | | | While the primary wall structure is the same in nearly all cell types and species, are cell type and species-specific differences typical for the secondary cell wall. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e26/26.htm
(396 words)
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| | cell wall - definition of cell wall by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | cell - (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | semipermeable membrane - a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cell+wall
(163 words)
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| | Plant Cell Wall |
| | Although there are many misconceptions about the cell wall's function, it is actually an important part of the cell's structure. | | | A third function is that it provides a stable structure for the cell. | | | The plant cell wall does many imperative functions in order for the cell to be successful. |
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http://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/plants/cell_wall
(204 words)
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| | Cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A cell is usually part of a larger structure. | | | Cell (journal), a bi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal related to biology | | | This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell
(232 words)
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| | The Cell Membrane |
| | This is important in keeping the shape of the cell and to hold the membrane in a certain place when needed. | | | Each cell has a different signature, and the forms of these signatures vary in animals and humans. | | | These proteins have many purposes that are nessesary for the cell to continue life functions. |
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http://www.cdli.ca/~dpower/cell/mbrane.htm
(423 words)
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| | Amazon.com: Cell Wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens, Third Edition: Books: Lida H. Mattman |
| | Numerous infectious diseases are currently described as idiopathic, meaning that "the cause is a complete mystery." For many idiopathic diseases, the causes become clear when certain techniques are applied to the patient's blood or other tissues. | | | Cell Wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens, Third Edition describes these techniques. | | | Chapters include: definitions; comparing mycoplasma, CWD forms, and rickettsia; disclosures by electron microscopy; public health and nosocomial facets; septicemina and cardiopathies; immunology; joint and bone disease; and more. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0849387671?v=glance
(725 words)
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| | Cornell News: plant cell wall book |
| | In his own laboratory, Rose and his colleagues focus on the structure, function and metabolism of plant cell walls and also their pivotal role in fending off pathogens. | | | "Cell walls represent a major frontier in plant biotechnology, reflected in their importance in a broad range of plant-derived products, contributing to the food, fiber and material science industries," he said. | | | ITHACA, N.Y. -- The wall of a plant cell is no longer just a biological bulwark. |
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http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Dec03/CellWallBook.bpf.html
(337 words)
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| | Cell wall |
| | Cell walls are the rigid structure found surrounding plant cells. |
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http://personal.tmlp.com/jimr57/textbook/chapter3/cyto3c.htm
(10 words)
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| | Prokaryotic Cell Structure: The Cell Wall |
| | Interference with this process results in a weak cell wall and lysis of the bacterium from osmotic pressure. | | | The Archaea (archaebacteria), that are often found growing in extreme environments, also have a semirigid cell wall but it is composed of chemicals distinct from peptidoglycan such as protein or pseudomurein. | | | In this section on Prokaryotic Cell Structure we are looking at the various organelles or structures that make up a bacterium. |
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http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/cw.html
(1109 words)
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| | Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Cell Walls |
| | We need to point out that you may hear about cell walls in other areas of biology. | | | This cellulose provides a protected framework for a plant cell to survive. | | | The others might be made from proteins or a substance called chitin. |
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http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_wall.html
(322 words)
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| | Bacterial Cell Entry |
| | through the cell wall, possibly in an ATP-driven process: this is aided by a lysozyme activity associated with the baseplate assembly. | | | Click here for an non-animated view of the process if your browser does NOT support GIF animation. | | | DNA is then extruded from the phage head. |
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http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/virusentbacteria.htm
(412 words)
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| | Plant Cell Structure |
| | Plant cell walls are reinforces structures containing cellulose and lignin to make them rigid. | | | Plants utilize light energy and chloroplasts contain the chlorophyll and enzymes for carrying out photosynthesis. | | | Plant cells contain all the same components as animal cells, but have three important differences. |
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http://www.bio.mtu.edu/campbell/plant.htm
(96 words)
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| | Life Science Safari - Cell Wall |
| | The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane | | | The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the cell (for plants, fungi, and some protists and bacteria). | | | The cell wall is made of tough cellulose fibers and other materials made by the cell. |
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http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cellwall.html
(61 words)
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| | CELLWALL.STANFORD.EDU Homepage |
| | While there is no genetic evidence that these proteins are callose synthase, and there has been no in vitro enzymatic activity demonstrated, it seems likely that this gene family encodes for plant callose synthases. | | | There is a great deal of sequence information being deposited in GenBank (more than a million higher plant sequences as of April 2001), and it is becoming increasingly difficult to keep track of what plant species are being sequenced and how the many sequences from individual species relate to one another. | | | With that in mind, we have created a resource to collect and organize sequences for several gene families related to plant cell wall biosynthesis. |
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http://cellwall.stanford.edu
(498 words)
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| | More on Bacterial Morphology |
| | The effect of these membranes is to increase the potential surface area on which photosynthesis can take place. | | | The cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall in all bacteria except one group, the Mollicutes, which includes pathogens such as the mycoplasmas. | | | A more or less typical bacterium, shown here, is comparatively much simpler than a typical eukaryotic cell. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacteriamm.html
(350 words)
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| | Cell Wall |
| | Note: Many facts have been simplified to make them easier to understand. | | | Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid wall made of chains of glucose molecules (making cellulose) and chains of other sugar molecules (making polysaccharides), together with glycoproteins. | | | Life was now packaged into little boxes called cells. |
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http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/cellwal.html
(210 words)
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| | Cell Wall on Soccearth |
| | The bacterial cell wall on Soccearth would be a rigid open scaffold-like structure 1 meter thick with many holes where small molecules can get in and out. | | | Remember that inside the cell wall there is a thin, flexible cell membrane. | | | It would be as thick as the wall at the bottom of this picture, with holes like the wall at the top. |
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http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/wallsocc.html
(116 words)
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| | Cell wall - Simple English Wikipedia |
| | It is also there to make the cell strong, to keep it's shape and to control the growing of the cell and plant. | | | It is there mainly to protect the cell from damage. | | | In a plant cell, the cell wall is made of cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose. |
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wall
(101 words)
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| | Cell Organelles: The Cell Wall |
| | Prokaryotic cells and plant cells both have a rigid cell wall made up of polysaccharides. | | | The cell wall provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier. |
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http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cellwall.htm
(32 words)
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| | The Virtual Cell Textbook - Cell Biology |
| | You can investigate any one of these areas. | | | If you know nothing about the structure of the cell it would probably be smart to go through the pages in the order presented. | | | Like all cells it has three main areas: The cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. |
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http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm
(89 words)
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| | cell wall |
| | The rigid, outermost covering of the cells of plants, bacteria, and some protists. | | | The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the secondary cell wall is stronger and more rigid and the primary constituent of wood. | | | YOU ARE HERE: Home > Encyclopedia > Biology and Biochemistry > Cell Biology > Article |
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http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/cellwall.html
(143 words)
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| | Cell wall |
| | Be sure check out the electron micrographs of the cell wall in the cell anatomy section. |
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http://www.nsci.plu.edu/~jmain/b359web/pages/cell_wall.htm
(16 words)
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| | MSN Encarta - Dictionary - cell wall definition |
| | outermost layer of cell: the outermost layer of a cell in plants and some fungi, algae, and bacteria, that provides a supporting framework | | | MSN Encarta - Dictionary - cell wall definition | | | Click here to search all of MSN Encarta |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861687320
(70 words)
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| | Mycobacterial Cell Wall |
| | The lipid bilayer cell membrane of most of the Gram-positive bacteria is covered by a porous peptidoglycan layer which does not exclude most antimicrobial agents. | | | Mycobacteria produce a thick mycolate-rich outer covering which functions as an exceptionally efficient barrier. | | | [Electron Micrographs of Bacterial Cell Walls] [Mycobacterial Lecture] [Departmental Home Page] |
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http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/lsteyn/cellwall.html
(66 words)
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| | Cell Wall |
| | You are here: Media Library - Cell structure - Cell Wall | | | cells.de - The Online Service for Cell Biology with Videos and Interactive Media |
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http://www.cells.de/cellseng/1medienarchiv/Zellstruktur/Zellwand/index.jsp
(49 words)
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| | Cell Wall |
| | - a non-living secretion of the cell membrane, composed of |
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http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cellwall.htm
(28 words)
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