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| | braindeath |
 | | After the second set of brainstem death tests are completed and the patient has been certified brain dead, muscle relaxants may be given for spinal reflexes to prevent further distress to the family. | | | By testing various brain stem reflexes, the functions of the brain stem can be assessed clinically with an ease, thoroughness, and degree of detail not possible for any other part of the central nervous system. | | | The physiological changes occurring in organs distant from the brain at or around the time of onset of brain death arise as a result of two major mechanisms. |
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http://www.thamburaj.com/brain_death.htm
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| | Howstuffworks "How Brain Death Works" |
| | The brain performs many functions, including thought, movement and all the neurological function that allow the body to maintain blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and organ function. | | | This support of the body is essential to evaluate the patient for possible survival and returning function of the brain. | | | A negative cerebral flow study is indisputable evidence of a dead brain. |
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http://health.howstuffworks.com/brain-death5.htm
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| | Jewish Law - Articles - "The Brain Death Controversy in Jewish Law" |
| | The human brain consists of three basic anatomic regions: (1) the cerebrum; (2) the cerebellum; and (3) the brain stem consisting of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla, which extends downwards to become the spinal chord. | | | Conceding that the concept of "brain death" may find support in the decisions of R. Moshe, he concludes that such a patient should be in the category of safeik chai, safeik met (doubtful life). | | | Note that a patient who is brain dead may theoretically continue to have muscle spasms or twitchings or even sit up. |
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http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/brain.html
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| | Brain Death and Technological Change |
| | Most whole brain partisans are comfortable with family and health care institutions having wide discretion to withhold and withdraw life support, including food and fluids, from bodies in PVS on the grounds of advance directives, surrogate decision-making, quality of life judgments, or resource allocation. | | | First, with the remediation of the brain stem and other body regulating structures, we will be forced to acknowledge that the destruction of the "integrative" functions of the body is an inadequate definition of death, since the social person will remain intact. | | | Social death has been used as a means of dealing with newborns with anomalies and disabilities, with the elderly infirm, and as punishment. |
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http://www.changesurfer.com/Hlth/BD/Brain.html
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| | Brain Death: Is That Dead Enough? |
| | Death with dignity is a right that all patients have, to keep a person in a constant vegitative state when there is no hope for life is neither quality care or perserving dignity. | | | The Assistant Director of Nursing for the unit had a problem with brain death, and its meaing, and her concept of spiritual life, and the separation of the spirit, soul, from the body. | | | Through the course of my research, I have also realized that brain death is a highly emotional and difficult situation and it is important that people comprehend all of the facts about brain death before making any kind of decision either way. |
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http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~mbernste/ethics.braindeath.html
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| | Brain Death vs. Cardiac Death |
| | Brain death means there is no blood flow or oxygen to the brain, therefore the brain cannot function in any capacity and never will again. | | | Does the body of a brain dead patient sometimes begin to deteriorate even if the patient is on life support? | | | In this situation, organ recovery would occur only after support is withdrawn and after cardiac death is pronounced. |
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http://www.unyts.org/braindeath.htm
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| | Brain Death and Brain Injury Resources |
| | "A new definition of death based on the basic mechanisms of consciousness generation in human beings" | | | Rethinking Life and Death: The Collapse of our Traditional Ethics. | | | Biomedical and Health Research Program (Biomed) of the European Union. |
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http://www.changesurfer.com/BD/Brain.html
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| | The New Yorker: Fact |
| | If both the neocortex and the brain stem (which regulates core physiological processes, such as breathing) stopped working, a person could be pronounced dead—not just because consciousness has disappeared but because, without the brain, nothing connects: there is no internal harmony, and the body no longer exists as an integrated whole. | | | He readily admits that no one has yet explained scientifically why the destruction of the brain is the death of the person, rather than an extreme injury. | | | This is not as straightforward as it may seem, largely because of the lifelike appearance of the brain dead, whose skin is still warm to the touch and who are known within the industry as "heart-beating cadavers." Gift of Life has developed a program that trains hospital staffs to explain the phenomenon to families. |
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http://newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/010813fa_FACT
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| | Brain Death Criteria MEDSTUDENTS-NEUROLOGY |
| | Report of the medical consultants on the diagnosis of death to the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. | | | In 1981, the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research (USA) developed standards for the determination of brain death which with some modifications are accepted worlwide. | | | In the other hand, the development of transplant surgery and the need of viable organs have focused ethical and legal attention on the desirability of agreeing on the medical criteria of brain death. |
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http://www.medstudents.com.br/neuro/neuro5.htm
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| | Understanding Brain Death |
| | To study brain death, it is necessary to learn the meaning of certain words. | | | Mohandas and S. Chou, "Brain Death: A Clinical and Pathological Study," Journal of Neurosurgery, 1971;35:211,215. | | | The new criteria are intended not only to decide as soon as possible when someone is dead, but among other options to clear the way for the excision of vital organs-action which, if a mistake has been made, is certain to kill the still-living patient. |
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http://www.vitalsignsministries.org/vsmbraindeath.html
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| | Consortium Ethics Program |
| | The emotional needs of the family and the integrity of the physician-patient relationship must at all times be given foremost consideration.”2 The timing of the order to stop treatment of a patient pronounced dead on the basis of neurological criteria should reflect the physician’s judgment how best to respect these values. | | | When medicine acquired the ability to sustain the vital functions of neurologically devastated individuals (some of whom might be considered candidates for organ donation), it became practically important to clarify what standards medicine should use in determining whether and when a person has died. | | | Similarly, by emphasizing the physician’s discretion in timing the order to stop treatment, the policy does not forestall families from insisting that they be permitted to take their dead, loved one home “on life support.&; On the other hand, the policy itself is no longer inherently confused. |
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http://www.pitt.edu/~cep/41-3.html
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| | Questions and Answers about Donation After Death: Brain Death |
| | When someone is brain dead, it means there is no blood flow or oxygen to their brain and that their brain is no longer functioning in any capacity and never will again. | | | The heart could actually be removed from the body, placed in a saline solution, given oxygen, and still continue to beat. | | | The respiratory support equipment only keeps the heart beating, which gives the appearance that your family member is living. |
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http://www.transweb.org/qa/qa_don/br_death.htm
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| | Catholic Culture : Document Library : Brain Death |
| | A physician pronounced death when there was no breathing, no heart beat and no response to stimulation. | | | This article included the Harvard Criteria which claimed irreversible coma represented "brain death." The newly coined "brain death" conveniently allowed the "harvesting" of vital organs for transplantation. | | | How can a cadaver develop pneumonia or a bed sore? |
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http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=830
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| | MIR Teaching file case br002 |
| | This test can be used as an aid in the determination of brain death, by confirming lack of effective cerebral perfusion. | | | The interpretation of this study should read "No evidence of effective cerebral perfusion" rather than "brain death". | | | When this pressure rises above arterial pressure, blood flow to the brain ceases. |
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http://gamma.wustl.edu/br002te117.html
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| | What is brain death? |
| | Second - no blood flow to the brain; this is determined by blood flow studies. | | | Third - absence of function of all parts of the brain - as determined by clinical assessment (no movement, no response to stimulation, no breathing, no brain reflexes.) | | | Brain death is defined as the irreversible loss of all functions of the brain. |
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http://www.transweb.org/qa/asktw/answers/answers9509/braindeath.html
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| | Wired News: Brain Dead Means Dead |
| | Although they had performed surgery to try to relieve the pressure on Sharon's brain, too much damage had already been done, and her brain was continuing to swell. | | | This fact can be hard to accept, particularly when a patient might look very much alive to family members. | | | Brain dead people often still have a heartbeat, and their chests may rise and fall with the help of a ventilator, sometimes giving hope to grieving families that the person may suddenly wake up. |
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http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,42847,00.html
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| | Brain Death and Organ Transplantation: current ethical issues, debate |
| | Brain Dead Person (1989) "human relationship oriented analysis" of the issue of brain death. | | | "Reconsidering Brain Death: A Lesson from Japan's Fifteen Years of Experience" in Hastings Center Report 31, no.4 (Jul.-Aug.,2001):41-46. | | | Two Aspects of Brain Dead Being (2000) The discrepancy between scientific reality and our emotional/spiritual reality. |
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http://www.lifestudies.org/specialreport01.html
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| | Brain Death |
| | If candidate is not clear when explaining brain death, follow up with questions like: | | | brain damage is irreversible, no chance of recovery) --------------------------------------------------------------- 4. | | | states that brain death is legal definition of death. |
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http://wings.buffalo.edu/faculty/research/bioethics/brain.html
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