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| | Botulinum (BOTOX) Toxin Injection or BOTOX Therapy - neurologychannel |
 | | Botulinum toxin injection therapy (also known as "BOTOX® therapy") is used to treat dystonia—a neuromuscular disorder that produces involuntary muscle contractions, or spasm—that affects muscles that control movement in the eyes, neck, face, voice box, or the smooth muscle in the bladder. | | | The goal of the therapy is to reduce muscle spasm and pain. | | | Physical or occupational therapy usually is undertaken to stretch and restore normal muscle function. |
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http://www.neurologychannel.com/botulinum/index.shtml
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| | eMedicine - Botulinum Toxin in Pain Management : Article by Martin K Childers, DO, PhD |
| | While incompletely understood and at times controversial, use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of conditions associated with involuntary muscle contraction, such as focal dystonia and spasticity, is supported by prospective, randomized clinical research; however, the volume of comparable studies in pain syndromes is growing, but the number of clinical randomized trials is limited. | | | Pain response to treatment with botulinum toxin was cited within the context of treatment for a number of conditions including, tennis elbow, chronic anal fissure, pain attributed to mastectomy and hemorrhoidectomy, headaches (including migraine), piriformis syndrome, facial pain, myofascial pain, temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ), low back pain, chronic prostatic pain, and whiplash. | | | More recently, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) was recognized to reduce pain associated with various clinical conditions, including craniocervical dystonia, tension headaches, cervicogenic headaches, and migraine; an effect that has been observed independent of its effect on muscle relaxation. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic218.htm
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| | Botulinum Toxin |
| | To see whether therapy with botulinum toxin A may prove to be an effective treatment for headache of musculosketal origin. | | | The objective is to evaluate the long-term benefit of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for the symptomatic relief of pain associated with chronic tension-type headache (TTH). | | | Botulinum Toxin for Cluster Headache; 10 Patients (August 2001) |
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http://www.headachedrugs.com/archives/botox.html
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| | Hospital Practice: Botulinum Toxin: Potent Poison, Potent Medicine |
| | The body of work demonstrating the benefits of botulinum toxin therapy for patients with achalasia is particularly impressive. | | | Preliminary studies of botulinum toxin as a carrier for oral medications look quite promising but have not yet come to fruition. | | | One might reasonably expect, therefore, to obtain symptomatic relief by blocking ACh release, and that was precisely the goal achieved in treating the disorder with botulinum toxin. |
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http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1999/04/simpson.htm
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| | Botulinum Toxin: its nature and role in CP |
| | Injection of spastic muscles with Botulinum toxin-A reduces tone and may reduce the incidence of fixed contractures in this condition. | | | According to Aidan Cosgrove, MB, and H. Kerr Graham, MD, Belfast, Ireland, (29 January, 1997) spastic muscle groups in 33 children with cerebral palsy were injected with Botulinum toxin-A. There have been no systemic side effects and all but one patient had a reduction in tone. | | | "This study further supports the beneficial effects of Botulinum toxin on the treatment of lower limb extensor spasticity," the authors conclude in the American Heart Association journal Stroke. |
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http://www.udaan.org/botulinum/botulin.html
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| | ASA Newsletter - Article Botulinum Toxin |
| | Preliminary studies of botulinum toxin as a carrier for oral medications look quite promising but have not yet come to fruition [43]. | | | Experimental botulism in monkeys: a clinical pathological study. | | | Four clinical forms of botulism occur in humans: foodborne botulism; wound botulism; infant botulism; and, rarely, adult infectious botulism. |
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http://www.asanltr.com/newsletter/02-1/articles/Botulinum.htm
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| | DMRF: Botulinum Toxin Injections |
| | There are programs in place to help facilitate access to botulinum toxin and to assist patients with or without medical insurance achieve appropriate reimbursement for their treatment. | | | In the late sixties, Alan B. Scott, MD, of the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Foundation and Edward J. Schantz, PhD, Director of Food Microbiology and Toxicology at the University of Wisconsin were researching a substance to relax certain eye muscles causing strabismus (cross-eye). | | | If deep muscles become involved, it may be difficult to access those muscles. |
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http://www.dystonia-foundation.org/treatment/botox.asp
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| | botulinum toxin type A - Skin diseases, conditions and procedures on MedicineNet.com |
| | It also is injected into the muscles that control the eyeball for treating strabismus (misaligned or lazy eyes) and the muscles of the eyelid for treating blepharospasm (uncontrollable blinking) associated with a condition called dystonia. | | | Symptoms of achalasia are difficulty swallowing, food sticking in the esophagus, both liquid and solid, chest pain, regurgitation at night when sleeping. | | | botulinum toxin type A - Skin diseases, conditions and procedures on MedicineNet.com |
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http://www.medicinenet.com/botulinum_toxin_type_a/article.htm
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| | FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium botulinum |
| | The December 1995 issue of "FDA Consumer" has an article titled Botulism Toxin: a Poison That Can Heal which discusses Botulism toxin with an emphasis on its medical uses. | | | Reports in the medical literature suggest the existence of a form of botulism similar to infant botulism, but occurring in adults. | | | The flaccid paralysis progresses symmetrically downward, usually starting with the eyes and face, to the throat, chest and extremities. |
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http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html
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| | Botulinum Toxin |
| | Documentation of the intractable nature of the headache should be nmaintained in the medical record. | | | It should not be used for any other type of headache, nor should botulinum toxin be used top trreat other forms of headache than are described in this policy. | | | They operate along the same neurochemical pathway and have similar uses. |
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http://www.cignamedicare.com/partb/lmrp_lcd/art/id/96-003-01.html
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| | BOTOX® > Consumer Connection > FAQ |
| | Because botulinum toxins are usually used to treat chronic conditions, it's important to preserve responsiveness to therapy. | | | When drugs are taken by mouth, they are distributed throughout the body by the blood system. | | | Your healthcare provider will know how much BOTOX® is needed to treat you effectively. |
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http://www.botox.com/site/consumers/faq/home.asp
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| | Botulinum Toxin Structure Offers Clues For Vaccines, Treatments |
| | That is why we are working so hard to understand the structures of the toxins and their mechanisms of action, so that this information can be used to design vaccines or drugs to combat the disease, and, almost as important, help mitigate the fear." | | | The researchers believe that such a vaccine could be used as a prototype in... | | | A drop ingested can paralyze the body, including the muscles responsible for breathing, leading to... |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/05/040511041930.htm
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| | Botulinum toxin, Botox™, Dysport™. DermNet NZ |
| | To reduce sweating, tiny injections are placed in the affected area at about 1cm intervals; this can be quite painful especially if the hands are injected, so local anaesthetic may be required. | | | Many people find after three or four treatments to glabellar lines that they don't need another one for a long time; the muscle has markedly weakened or they have broken the bad habit that led to the frowning or squinting originally. | | | The muscle strengthens again as the nerves regenerate. |
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http://dermnetnz.org/procedures/botox.html
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| | Botulinum toxin injections |
| | Brin M.F. Botulinum Toxin Therapy: Basic Science and Overview of Other Therapeutic Applications Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029. | | | Botox has also been explored in the treatment of chronic muscle tension and migraine headaches. | | | Difficulties associated with administration of toxin are: different patients may experience different effects at the same dose, patients new to the treatment may experience exaggerated effects at subsequent visits and/or neighboring muscles may become activated at subsequent treatments. |
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http://www.lifesteps.com/gm/Atoz/ency/botulinum_toxin_injections.jsp
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| | MedlinePlus Drug Information: Botulinum Toxin Type A (Parenteral-Local ) |
| | Heart problems or other medical conditions that may worsen with rapidly increasing activity—Treatment with botulinum toxin type A may give you better vision and the desire to become more active in your daily life; this may put a strain on your heart and body | | | Tell your health care professional if you are using any other ophthalmic prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine. | | | Older adults—Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202608.html
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| | Botulinum Toxin Injection Techniques for Blepharospasm |
| | The purpose of this highly unscientific survey was not to determine the "best" approach to treat any individual, but to provide the reader with some understanding of the number and location of injections at each visit, and to quantify the amount of toxin that was given at a typical office visit. | | | Remember that clinical judgment at each patient encounter will vary any of these data. | | | Injection Techniques with Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Blepharospasm |
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http://www.blepharospasm.org/bot-tech.html
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| | WE MOVE - Botulinum Toxin Type A for Dystonia |
| | The toxin may weaken the muscle; however, the degree of relaxation may not provide symptomatic relief for the patient. | | | On occasion, a patient may not respond to therapy with BTX-A. So-called "primary non-responders" are patients who do not respond to their first injection of BTX. | | | In addition, some patients on combination therapies for segmental or generalized dystonias may fail to take their oral medications, leading to a general increase in symptoms (masking the local effects of BTX-A). |
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http://www.wemove.org/dys/dys_bota.html
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| | BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - dystonia, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, publications, botulinum toxin, dry eye, blefro, ... |
| | At present, protractor myectomy (removal of some or all of the muscles responsible for eyelid closure) has proven to be the most effective surgical treatment for blepharospasm. | | | Functionally impaired patients with blepharospasm who have not tolerated or responded well to medication or botulinum toxin are candidates for surgical therapy. | | | Before surgery is recommended, patients are advised to try safe, potentially efficacious, nonsurgical therapy such as botulinum toxin injections. |
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http://www.blepharospasm.org
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| | Botulinum toxin (botox) |
| | Injection of botulinum toxin helps to reduce spasticity and allows the person a greater degree of control over muscle movement. | | | Children with cerebral palsy have been shown to benefit from injections of botulinum toxin (botox), The toxin, which is injected into calf muscles, can help youngsters to walk better. | | | It is now routinely used by plastic surgeons to soften facial lines by paralyzing the muscles beneath the skin, and is also used during surgery to immobilize muscles. |
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http://www.manbir-online.com/topics/botox.htm
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| | The use of apraclonidine eyedrops to treat ptosis after the administration of botulinum toxin to the upper face |
| | The Emedicine online medical encyclopedia sections on dermatology [4], plastic surgery [5], and otolaryngology [6] recommend apraclonidine's use for ptosis, as does the web site of the New Zealand Dermatological Society [7]. | | | A therapy recommended to treat ptosis from administration of botulinum toxins A and B is the use of Iopidine™ (apraclonidine 0.5 %) eye drops [1]. | | | Ptosis results from migration of the botulinum toxin to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. |
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http://dermatology.cdlib.org/111/pearls/iopidine/scheinfeld.html
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| | Botox Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Botulinum Toxin Type A - RxList Monographs |
| | cannot be compared to nor converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. | | | Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes precludes extrapolation of animal-dose activity relationships to human dose estimates. | | | Due to specific details of this assay such as the vehicle, dilution scheme and laboratory protocols for the various mouse LD assays, Units of biological activity of BOTOX |
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http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/botox.htm
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| | Botulinum Toxin Information Site |
| | This site is intended to provide information for non-medical people who are interested in knowing more about the drug and its current uses. | | | Botulinum Toxin (Botox, Dysport) is a drug which is finding an increasing range of applications, and is rapidly acquiring a high profile with the general public. | | | Enquiries may be made in French, German, Spanish, Italian or Portugese as well as in English. |
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http://www.botox.uk.com
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| | Botulinum toxin (Botox) |
| | Current research also suggests botulinum toxin injections may relieve migraine and tension headache symptoms. | | | Botulinum toxin is also approved by the FDA to treat eye muscle disorders, including strabismus (cross-eyes), abnormal neck and shoulder contractions, and vocal cord spasms. | | | Botulinum toxin has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating frown lines in adults younger than 65. |
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http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/tf6217.asp
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| | Botulism; Botulinum toxin |
| | Botulinum toxin may be absorbed from respiratory system | | | Sequence homology (30% to 40%) to tetanus toxin | | | Susceptibility of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons to specific botulinum and tetanus toxins |
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http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm
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| | Botulin toxin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | This was intended for the relief of uncontrollable muscle spasms, but is increasingly being used for (A toiletry designed to beautify the body) cosmetic purposes, to paralyse facial muscles as a means of concealing wrinkles. | | | The vials of toxin used therapeutically are considered impractical for use by terrorists because each vial has only an extremely small fraction of the lethal dose for humans. | | | Botulin toxin is used (usually under a trademarked name such as "Botox") for producing long-term (months) paralysis of muscles. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/b/bo/botulin_toxin.htm
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| | Alan B. Scott's Laboratory, The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute |
| | Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections are an accepted and effective treatment for blepharospasm of the eyelid and for strabismus. | | | This limits dosage and is bother some and sometimes incapacitating to patients, causing some to seek alternative methods of treatment. | | | Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect of botulinum human antitoxin (immune globulin) on the nerve terminals of the eyelid |
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http://www.ski.org/ABScott_lab
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| | CBC News:Researchers consider way to block botulinum toxin |
| | The researchers also developed a possible antidote for the toxin, which they've tested in mice. | | | The toxin can paralyse the body's muscles, choking victims to death. | | | Scientists knew the toxin blocks the release of neurotransmitters that relay messages in the brain and control muscle movements. |
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http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/09/29/botulinum020929
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| | Myoblock Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Botulinum Toxin Type B - RxList Monographs |
| | cannot be compared to or converted into units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. | | | Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes precludes extrapolation of animal dose-activity relationships to human dose estimates. | | | The neurotoxin complex is recovered from the fermentation process and purified through a series of precipitation and chromatography steps. |
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http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/botulinumtoxin.htm
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| | Botulinum Toxin (Botox, Myobloc) and How They Work |
| | In the case of hyperhidrosis, a condition where one produces excessive amount of sweat, the botulinum toxin is used to target the nerves that come into contact with the sweat gland. | | | Botulinum Toxin (Botox, Myobloc) and How They Work | | | The smaller polypeptide, called the light chain, varies for each toxin subtype. |
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http://www.loftusmd.com/Articles/botulinum/botulinum_toxin.html
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| | Botulism |
| | Foodborne botulism produces symptoms that affect the nervous system (the toxin bonds to nerve endings). | | | Infant botulism differs from foodborne botulism in that the toxin itself is not ingested. | | | Foodborne botulism is due to ingestion of a toxin formed in food. |
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http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC3680.htm
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| | MedlinePlus: Botox |
| | Botulinum Toxin A Relieves Severe Facial Pain (10/24/2005, Reuters Health) | | | Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms (American Academy of Family Physicians) | | | You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/botox.html
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| | CDC Botulism Emergency Preparedness & Response |
| | Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management | | | The CDC subject matter experts on individual organisms remain available for discussion as always. | | | Sentinel Laboratory Guidelines for Suspected Agents of Bioterrorism: Botulinum Toxin |
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http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/botulism/index.asp
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