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| Â | Botulinum toxin injections in cerebral palsy spasticity - a guide for parents, from Ipsen Limited |
 | | Botulinum toxin injections, which relax muscle spasticity, can assist physical therapy and may help to improve a child's functional ability and therefore quality of life. | | | Botulinum toxin injections do not cure cerebral palsy but, used in conjunction with physical therapy, they can make your child more mobile and improve his or her quality of life. | | | This is particularly important where the relaxation of muscles requires children to learn how to use them in a more normal way. |
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http://www.ipsen.ltd.uk/patients/cpparentguide
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| Â | Botulinum Toxins |
| | Botulinum antitoxin (equine origin) has been used in those circumstances, and is thought to be helpful. | | | Animal experiments show that after aerosol exposure, botulinum antitoxin can be very effective if given before the onset of clinical signs. | | | There is no indication at present for use of botulinum antitoxin as a prophylactic modality except under extremely specialized circumstances. |
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http://www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/medman/Botulinum.htm
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| Â | Hospital Practice: Botulinum Toxin: Potent Poison, Potent Medicine |
| | The body of work demonstrating the benefits of botulinum toxin therapy for patients with achalasia is particularly impressive. | | | The therapeutic objective is the same as in treating motor disorders, and outcomes have been just as successful. | | | One might reasonably expect, therefore, to obtain symptomatic relief by blocking ACh release, and that was precisely the goal achieved in treating the disorder with botulinum toxin. |
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http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1999/04/simpson.htm
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| Â | eMedicine - Botulinum Toxin in Pain Management : Article by Martin K Childers, DO |
| | Botulinum toxin's putative success in pain management is attributed to its ability to block acetylcholine from being released at the synapse. | | | While poorly understood and at times controversial, use of botulinum toxin in treatment of conditions associated with involuntary muscle contraction, such as focal dystonia and spasticity, is supported by prospective, randomized clinical research; however, the volume of comparable studies in pain syndromes has begun to surface only recently. | | | While more research is needed to establish the usefulness and timing of casting (or static stretching) in combination with treatment of spasticity and painful muscle conditions, this modality may be useful as an adjunct therapy when prescribed a few days after initial injection. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic218.htm
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| Â | donna |
| | In conclusion, Clostridium botulinum is a dangerous bacteria that has proved to be a safe, effective way to treat numerous disorders. | | | The mechanism with which botulinum works involves attaching itself to nerve endings, blocking neurotransmitters, and then it can paralyze muscles (Waters 30). | | | The same mechanisms that can kill a person by suffocation can relieve pain in muscles that contract uncontrollably. |
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http://www.esb.utexas.edu/palmer/bio303/group10/donna.html
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| Â | Botulinum toxin, Botox. DermNet NZ |
| | The muscle strengthens again as the nerves regenerate. | | | Many people find after three or four treatments to glabellar lines that they don't need another one for a long time; the muscle has markedly weakened or they have broken the bad habit that led to the frowning or squinting originally. | | | To reduce sweating, tiny injections are placed in the affected area at about 1cm intervals; this can be quite painful especially if the hands are injected, so local anaesthetic may be required. |
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http://dermnetnz.org/procedures/botox.html
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| Â | MediaMed - Botulinum Toxin |
| | Before the introduction of botulinum toxin, some general medications could ameliorate the condition of some patients (benzodiazepines, some anticholinergic drugs, neuroleptics, carbamazepine, baclofen, reserpine, propanolol, primidone, etc...), but the majority failed to produce satisfactory relief, and adverse reactions were virtually universal, including even sometimes the induction of other movement disorders! | | | The technique is considered to be especially effective for conditions when surgery is inappropriate such as active thyroid ophthalmopathy or acute nerve palsy, for strabismic angles under 40 prism diopters and for postoperative residual strabismus following surgery. | | | Physical therapy, relaxation techniques or properly fitted cervical braces can help, but usually not enough to improve patient's function and control of neck movement. |
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http://www.mediamed.org/eg/BOTOXR.htm
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| Â | DMRF: Botulinum Toxin Injections |
| | There are programs in place to help facilitate access to botulinum toxin and to assist patients with or without medical insurance achieve appropriate reimbursement for their treatment. | | | If deep muscles become involved, it may be difficult to access those muscles. | | | Several factors could be responsible for this change. |
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http://www.dystonia-foundation.org/treatment/botox.asp
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| Â | eMedicine - Botulinum Toxin : Article by Zoltan Trizna, MD, PhD |
| | Botulinum toxin is also used to treat other conditions. | | | Postoperative details: To prevent the unwanted diffusion of botulinum toxin into the adjacent muscles, do not massage the injection site, and advise patients to avoid doing so as well. | | | Therefore, advising the patient not to massage the injected areas is important. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic779.htm
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| Â | Botulinum Therapy |
| | When botulinum is injected into an affected muscle, the synapse, or contact point between the nerve and muscle, is blocked. | | | If you have questions, or would like to schedule an appointment for an evaluation to find out if botulinum therapy can help you, please call us. | | | There is also new evidence that botulinum therapy may be helpful in the treatment of some headache disorders. |
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http://www.vmmc.org/dbneurology/sec69488.htm
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| Â | Botox Information Sheet |
| | Botulinum intoxicated muscle reacts almost identically to surgically denervated muscle. | | | Patients with dynamic heel cord contractures associated with knee recurvatum or varus hind foot that cannot be managed by therapy, medication, and bracing need surgery unless another treatment modality is available. | | | Botulinum toxin has also been used for the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm and spasmodic torticollis. |
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http://www.bgsm.edu/ortho/pub/botox.shtml
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| Â | FDA/CFSAN - BAM * Chapter 17 - Clostridium botulinum |
| | botulinum, not all of them provide the necessary anaerobic conditions. | | | botulinum within the intestinal tract of infants rather than from ingestion of a food with preformed toxin. | | | Under certain conditions, these organisms may grow in foods producing toxin(s). |
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http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-17.html
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| Â | MedlinePlus Drug Information: Botulinum Toxin Type A (Parenteral-Local ) |
| | Tell your health care professional if you are using any other ophthalmic prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine. | | | Heart problems or other medical conditions that may worsen with rapidly increasing activity—Treatment with botulinum toxin type A may give you better vision and the desire to become more active in your daily life; this may put a strain on your heart and body | | | Depending on your condition, more than one treatment may be required. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202608.html
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| Â | Houston Dermatology Houston Dermatologist Houston Texas Botox Veins Skin Care |
| | Despite the sudden explosion of such "lunchtime" techniques as Restylane for erasing wrinkles, and Botox (botulinum toxin type A) for smoothing out frown lines, Bradbard, of Gaithersburg, Md., opted for a longer-lasting reconstructive facelift that included a chin implant, eyelid surgery, and surprisingly, only a few days of pain-free recovery. | | | According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), nearly 7 million Americans underwent surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in 2002. | | | Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms (American Academy of Family Physicians) |
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http://www.houstondermatology.org/
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| Â | botulinum |
| | Botulinum toxin has been successfully used to treat various conditions that in some way involve spasms, or involuntary muscle contractions. | | | When these spasms become so strong that they interfere with movement, the condition is referred to as Dystonia (abnormal muscle tone). | | | Once this happens, acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter responsible for triggering muscle contractions, cannot be released. |
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http://www.wehelpwhathurts.homestead.com/botulinum.html
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| Â | FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium botulinum |
| | The flaccid paralysis progresses symmetrically downward, usually starting with the eyes and face, to the throat, chest and extremities. | | | botulinum spores which colonize and produce toxin in the intestinal tract of infants (intestinal toxemia botulism). | | | botulinum spores thus far definitively linked to infant botulism by both laboratory and epidemiologic studies. |
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http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html
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| Â | Botulinum Toxin: A Poison That Can Heal |
| | Although the two eye conditions are the only indications for which it is licensed, botulinum toxin has been used investigationally for a variety of other conditions. | | | Luba Vangelova is a writer in Takoma Park, Md. | | | Botulinum toxin can heal as well as harm. |
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http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/095_bot.html
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| Â | CNN.com - Is nation ready for botulinum attack? - Mar. 25, 2003 |
| | Disseminating botulinum toxin would not be particularly difficult, though someone would need basic microbiology skills, experts say. | | | A tiny, purified amount is injected into people's faces, temporarily paralyzing the muscles beneath the skin. | | | Eventually, the paralysis moves through the central nervous system, and patients must be put on ventilators or their lungs would stop pumping. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/03/25/botulinum.toxin.ap
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| Â | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Torticollis |
| | The condition may be easier to correct in infants and children. | | | Stretching exercises and neck braces may help with muscle spasms. | | | Injection of botulinum toxin is very effective to temporarily relieve the torticollis, but repeat injections every three months are usually required. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000749.htm
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| Â | Botulism Reference Service for Canada - Electron microscopy facility |
| | Growth and ecology of Clostridium botulinum in foods. | | | Brigitte Cadieux, Isabelle Dufresne, Helene Couture, and John W. Austin (2003) Research Applied to Regulations - Managing the Health Risk of Clostridium botulinum Associated with Fish Roe Caviar Products. | | | (2003) Effect of ethanol on the growth of Clostridium botulinum. |
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http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/mh-dm/mhr-dmr/e_clostridium_botulinum_e.html
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| Â | Honey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Honey (as well as other sweeteners) is also potentially extremely dangerous for | | | Botulinum spores are among the few bacteria that survive in honey, but also are widely present in the environment. | | | This is because, when mixed with the non-acidic digestive juices of an infant it creates an ideal medium for botulinum spores to grow and produce toxin. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey
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| Â | Jevené The Essence of Youth |
| | Can cause bruising, droopy eyelids, difficulty breathing, muscle weakness, headaches and dizziness. | | | Botox is a drug derived from Botulinum Toxin A. - A deadly poison produced by Clostridium Botulinum - the bacterium that causes botulism. |
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http://jevene.com
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| Â | Botulism; Botulinum toxin |
| | Botulinum toxin may be absorbed from respiratory system | | | Little or no change in conformation of bound botulinum neurotoxin | | | Susceptibility of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons to specific botulinum and tetanus toxins |
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http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm
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| Â | New York City Department of Health - Communicable Disease - Botulism, July 2000 Draft |
| | Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. | | | Botulinum Antitoxin - In uncontrolled studies, use of antitoxin has been associated with lower mortality rates and, if administered early after onset of symptoms, a shorter course of illness. | | | Absence of gastrointestinal prodromal symptoms would suggest an aerosolized route of exposure in patients with a clinical presentation compatible with botulism |
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http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/cd/botmd.html
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| Â | Clostridium botulinum, Botulism |
| | The movie clip shows the signal transduction from nerve to muscle cell and the effects of botulinum toxin. | | | Botulinum toxin is internalized into the neurons and binds to the vesicle membranes. | | | To begin viewing the movie press the "Start" button. |
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http://www.microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC420/lecture_notes/clostridia/clostridia_neurotox/movie/botulinum_movie.html
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| Â | Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Fact Sheet - Food Safety Facts on Botulism |
| | The most common symptoms of foodborne illness may include stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. | | | Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) causes the foodborne illness called botulism. | | | Foodborne illness occurs when a person consumes food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites. |
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http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/foodfacts/botulisme.shtml
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| Â | Myoblock Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Botulinum Toxin Type B - RxList Monographs |
| | cannot be compared to or converted into units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. | | | Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes precludes extrapolation of animal dose-activity relationships to human dose estimates. | | | RxList only refers patients to online pharmacies certified by VIPPS, Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites, a program administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy which ensures that member pharmacies offering online prescription services are bona fide, fully licensed, and demonstrate "competent Internet/interstate pharmacy practices." |
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http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/botulinumtoxin.htm
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| Â | Clostridium botulinum, NF94-162 |
| | Antitoxins have been used to reduce the fatality rate of the disease but persons may recover slowly and suffer from nerve damage. | | | Spores can be associated with any food that comes into contact with the soil or grows in water. | | | The bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, is anaerobic — it only grows where there is little or no oxygen. |
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http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/foods/nf162.htm
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| Â | WorldNetDaily: Botulinum 'is WMD' |
| | The botulinum had been stored in a vial discovered in an Iraqi scientist's refrigerator, where it had been stored for safe keeping since 1993. | | | "There can be no doubt that Saddam Hussein has biological weapons and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more," Powell said, pointing out Iraq had admitted to producing botulinum. | | | Kay, a veteran former U.N. weapons inspector, says the investigation he is leading involves over 1,200 staffers, and is likely to take another six to nine months. |
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http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34917
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| Â | Encyclopedia4U - 2003 occupation of Iraq timeline - Encyclopedia Article |
| | Such plans and programs appear to have been dormant, the existance of these though were concealed from the United Nations during the inspections that began in 2002. | | | Weapons inspectors in Iraq do find clandestine " network of biological laboratories " and a deadly strain of botulinum. | | | The US -sponsored search for WMD has so far cost $300 million and is projected to cost around $600 million more. |
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http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/2/2003-occupation-of-iraq-timeline.html
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| Â | The Sanger Institute: Clostridium botulinum |
| | Clostridium botulinum strains produce botulinum neurotoxin, which is the cause of foodborne botulism. | | | The Sanger Institute has completed the sequence of the genome of Clostridium botulinum, in collaboration with Dr. Roger Huston of the | | | We have sequenced Hall strain A (ATCC 3502). |
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http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/C_botulinum/
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