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| | American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF) Barotrauma |
 | | Barotrauma is caused by a difference in pressure between the external environment and the internal parts of the ear. | | | Barotrauma can affect several different areas of the body, including the ear, face and lungs. | | | Two mechanisms are theorized to explain inner ear barotrauma: the "implosive" and the "explosive" mechanisms. |
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http://www.american-hearing.org/name/barotrauma.html
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| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ear barotrauma |
| | Ear barotrauma is a condition of discomfort in the ear caused by pressure differences between the inside and the outside of the eardrum. | | | Barotrauma is usually benign and responsive to self-care. | | | If self-care attempts are unsuccessful at relieving discomfort within a few hours, or if barotrauma is severe, medical intervention may be necessary. |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001064.htm
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| | Pulmonary Barotrauma |
| | Although both over stretching of lung tissue and the pressure of expanding air are factors favoring lung trauma, pressure seems to be the major one. | | | Experiments in dogs undergoing rapid ascent in a chamber showed that the lungs can withstand much higher pressures (before barotrauma occurs) if the chest cavity is bound and 'over stretching' is prevented (Schaefer 1958). | | | A breath-holding scuba diver rising from 33-feet depth to the surface experiences a change in ambient pressure from two to one atmospheres absolute; if the lungs fully expand within the chest cavity lung volume will try to double. |
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http://www.divefortyoung.com/pulbar.html
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| | Barotrauma: Diving and Compressed Air Injuries: Merck Manual Home Edition |
| | Alternatively, air may be forced out of the lungs into the tissues surrounding the heart (pneumomediastinum) and under the skin of the neck and upper chest (subcutaneous emphysema). | | | Subcutaneous emphysema produces a crackling sensation when the affected area of skin is touched. | | | A rupture between the middle and inner ear may require prompt surgical repair to prevent permanent damage. |
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http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec24/ch295/ch295b.html
(1301 words)
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| | The Oxford Handbook of Sports Medicine |
| | There is always the possibility of a sensorineural hearing loss in divers who have experienced ear barotrauma of any type, or who have had difficulty in equalising middle ear pressures by autoinflation or who subsequently apply force to achieve this. | | | The condition may be detected by chest x-ray or positional abdominal x-ray (gas under the diaphragm). | | | If this occurs, pain is suddenly relieved; however, nausea and vertigo may follow the caloric stimulation by the cold water. |
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http://www.worldortho.com/oxsportsmed/chapt26.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Pathological changes of middle ear barotrauma: The pathological changes that occur with middle ear negative pressure vary according to the rate and magnitude of pressure change and include: mucosal hemorrhage and congestion, edema, serous and hemorrhagic effusions,and infiltration of leucocytes (PMN) within the middle ear mucosa. | | | If you encounter a patient with these symptoms, without a history consistent with decompression sickness, recompression therapy should not be performed as it will aggravate the injury. | | | Differentiating inner ear barotrauma (IEB) from inner ear decompression sickness (IEDS): Both diving related inner ear barotrauma and inner ear decompression sickness can result in permanent severe cochleovestibular deficiency if appropriate diagnosis and treatment is not instituted quickly. |
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http://www.utmb.edu/oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Barotrauma_1992.txt
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| | Statements of Principles — Sinus barotrauma |
| | This may arise in conditions of elevated external pressure as with divers and caisson workers, or with decreased external pressure as with aviators. | | | (b) the relationship suggested between the sinus barotrauma and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e) or 70(5)(d) of the Act. | | | (b) the relationship suggested between the sinus barotrauma and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act. |
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http://www.dva.gov.au/pensions/statemnt/s015.htm
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| | ZCO: Prevention of Middle Ear Barotrauma |
| | By far the most common reason for middle ear barotrauma however is inadequate pressurization of the middle ears due to a lack of basic understanding of the mechanisms involved. | | | Middle ear barotrauma is the most frequent diving injury I see in my medical practice. | | | In a very few individuals allergies, acute or chronic infection or nasal polyps may play a role. |
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http://www.mundofree.com/zco/barotrauma.html
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| | barotrauma |
| | Greater than 90% of the human body is either water or bone, which is incompressible; the areas directly affected by pressure changes thus are those that are filled with air or gas. | | | The term barotrauma encompasses disorders related to over expansion of gas filled body cavities (mainly the lung and the inner ear). | | | Otic barotrauma often induces pain, vertigo and hearing loss. |
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http://www.ais.up.ac.za/med/sport/barotrauma.htm
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| | Barotrauma of the Middle and Inner Ear |
| | This material should not be used as a basis for treatment decisions, and is not a substitute for professional consultation and/or peer-reviewed medical literature. | | | Well over 50% of the medical problems that are related to barotrauma are referred to an Otolaryngologist. | | | The patient typically experiences extreme pain as the descent phase of the dive begins, despite an ability to clear the middle ear. |
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http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/32395.html
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| | DAN Divers Alert Network : Vertigo: Why Diving After Ear Surgery is Not Recommended |
| | Otic barotrauma, which is damage to the middle ear and / or inner ear caused by pressure, presents an inherent risk for scuba divers. | | | This condition is a medical emergency and should be evaluated by a physician as soon as possible. | | | However, any damage or injury to the remaining vestibular organ would cause permanent and untreatable balance disturbance, in which even one's ability to walk and activities of basic coordination become affected. |
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http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=58
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| | Doc's Page |
| | Although their study is retrospective, they were able to identify changes in the flow-volume curve, specifically, reduced mid expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity in pulmonary barotrauma patients compared to patients who had decompression sickness, but not pulmonary barotrauma. | | | The authors also performed computed tomography of the chest and found 13 abnormalities among the 15 patients with pulmonary barotrauma. | | | From this point, diving and submarine training was prohibited for subjects with a history of any disease that caused airway obstruction, and asthma was included. |
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http://www.scubamed.com/fordocs.htm
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| | Middle Ear Barotrauma |
| | Usually in barotrauma the pressure is followed by sudden pain and onset to the ear. | | | All patients who have some degree of barotrauma are at a higher risk for future injury. | | | Barotrauma is a very common problem among individuals who swim, snorkel, and scuba dive. |
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http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/barotrauma.asp
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| | DAN Divers Alert Network : Scanning for Blebs |
| | Pulmonary barotrauma is a condition that usually happens at the end of a dive. | | | The most common lung condition that predisposes an individual to pulmonary barotrauma is balloon-like extensions of air sacs (known as blebs or bullae). | | | Lung diseases that can cause an increased risk of pulmonary barotrauma include those in which there is obstruction to gas flow, such as asthma that has not responded fully to treatment, and lung scarring or inflammation (such as sarcoidosis, eosinophilic granuloma or interstitial fibrosis). |
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http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40
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| | Military Medicine: Role of Radiology in Dive-Related Disorders, The |
| | Given the fact that many pulmonary barotrauma patients also sustain near-drowning injuries, chest X-rays (CXRs) may be an important part of the initial evaluation. | | | An extensive literature search was performed to comprehensively examine the current role of diagnostic radiology with respect to diving medicine. | | | It is effective in detecting underlying pulmonary diseases that may predispose patients to pulmonary barotrauma. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200501/ai_n9478283
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| | Side Effects/Prognosis |
| | Middle ear barotrauma is the most common form of barotrauma, presenting with pain. | | | Sinus and external ear barotrauma are less frequent; inner ear barotrauma is rare. | | | Prevention includes a combination of slow pressurization, decongestants, and patient education. |
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http://www.baromedicine.com/side_effects_prognosis.htm
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| | Barotrauma from CPAP Systems Lacking Pressure Relief |
| | The only reliable means of preventing barotrauma when a CPAP system becomes blocked is to provide an additional source of pressure relief. | | | This will likely subject the patient to barotrauma and its related sequelae. | | | This abrupt rise in pressure can cause barotrauma injuries to the patient before caregivers can respond to an airway pressure alarm. |
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http://www.mdsr.ecri.org/summary/detail.aspx?doc_id=8145
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| | Packing = barotrauma? - General Freediving |
| | A barotrauma is any pressure injury - not just in your ears, can be your lungs too. | | | If you look at pictures of free divers at depth you will see their chest is compressed. | | | Barotrauma is any trauma caused by pressure, therefore it is not related with ears only. |
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http://forums.deeperblue.net/forum12/thread64645.html#post579790
(2007 words)
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| | References to Perilymph fistulas, inner ear barotrauma |
| | In our experience immediate surgical exploration and correction of sudden severe or profound sensorineural deafness in the diver or flier is absolutely essential and the excellent results of hearing improvement in this select group certainly corroborates this theory. | | | [Acute low tone sensorineural hearing loss caused by inner ear barotrauma]. | | | Therapy includes efforts to treat known causes either medically or surgically, to keep the patient at reduced physical activity, and depending upon the treating physician's own preference, attempts to favorably alter the ultimate prognosis through medical manipulation. |
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http://www.scuba-doc.com/perilymph.htm
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| | effect of repeated ear barotrauma?? :: The Doctors Lounge(TM) |
| | Does anyone know if this continuous ear popping will have adverse effects, and if so, is there any evidence you could direct me to ?(perhaps to prove it to my employers). | | | Symptoms include ear pain, may be some bleeding and decrease in hearing acuity. | | | I think that this ear popping is equalization of pressure around the ear drum and personally I would not call it ear barotrauma. |
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http://www.thedoctorslounge.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1733
(314 words)
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| | Barotrauma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | As the lungs do not sense pain when over-expanded, the diver receives no warning to prevent the injury. | | | Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. | | | Diving barotrauma can be avoided by eliminating any pressure differences acting on the tissue or organ by equalising the pressure. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barotrauma
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| | barotrauma -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Comprehensive directory of links to resources on occupational diseases and wounds and injuries like spinal cord, arm, shoulder, and electric injuries, fractures, bites and stings, burns, frostbite, barotrauma, and poisoning. | | | "Tips for safe diving, touching upon probable medical conditions like decompression sickness and inner ear barotrauma." | | | "barotrauma" Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9013447
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| | Doc's Diving Medicine Home Page |
| | Learn what to do to equalize pressure in your ears, teach others proper techniques and learn the safest way to prevent "ear squeeze". | | | Scuba diving and snorkeling can be fun ways to explore the depths - especially if you can clear your ears as the pressure changes. | | | This talk was recorded live in September, 2000 and is now available for Internet viewing over the University's video portal (broadband only). |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/ekay
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| | Barotrauma |
| | DISCLAIMER: NOAH is an information guide only and cannot answer personal health-related or research questions. | | | NOAH > Ear and Hearing/Balance Disorders > Specific Disorders > Barotrauma |
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http://www.noah-health.org/en/ear/disorders/barotrauma.html
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| | Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: A case of barotrauma-induced pneumolabyrinth secondary to perilymphatic fistula |
| | Mafee et al were among the first to describe such a finding, which they observed in a patient with a fracture of the stapes footplate. | | | Pneumolabyrinth resulting from perilymphatic fistula has also been associated with barotrauma, iatrogenic injury, head trauma, and chronic ear disease; it can also develop spontaneously. | | | Pullen found perilymphatic fistulae in 48 of 62 patients who experienced barotrauma after scuba diving. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_8_78/ai_64690933
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| | DAN Divers Alert Network : Guide to Avoiding Ear & Sinus Injuries in Scuba Diving |
| | If you do experience pain or discomfort, ascend until it is relieved; | | | The most common barotrauma symptom a diver experiences may be mild discomfort to intense pain in the sinus or middle ear - this is usually the first indication of a problem in equalizing. | | | Blood from the nose or in the sputum is also an indication of barotrauma and does not have to be associated with other symptoms. |
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http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=13
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| | No Clear Strategy for Predicting Barotrauma in Scuba Divers With Asthma |
| | A total of 30 patients: 15 patients sequentially selected from an undersea medical clinic, who suffered from Pulmonary Barotrauma, were compared with 15 patients, sequentially selected from the clinic, who suffered from decompression illness type II, (no Pulmonary Barotrauma). | | | For patients who have a history of asthma, are there any objective study or other means to differentiate those patients who should be excluded from participating in recreational scuba diving from those who may participate. | | | Cost: Number needed to treat un-quantifiable by the study. |
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http://www.med.umich.edu/pediatrics/ebm/cats/scuba.htm
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| | Rarest Barotrauma |
| | This case is interesting because it doesn't fit the classical symptoms of dental barotrauma or odontalgia. | | | "Barotrauma --- or, more commonly, squeeze --- of the ears and sinuses is quite likely the most common problem among divers. | | | Barodontalgia can be caused by any of the following conditions: caries (decay); recurrent caries; defective margins on restorations; oral tissue lacerations; recent extractions; periodontal gum abscesses; maxillary sinus congestion; pulpal and apical lesions; cysts; and endodontic (root canal) therapy. |
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http://www.scuba-doc.com/RarestBT.html
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| | Ear Blocked after Scuba Diving |
| | Baro means pressure (as in barometer), so these terms mean a pressure-related injury of the ear (barotrauma) or pressure-induced inflammation of the ear (barotitis). | | | Scuba diving is probably the most common circumstance for such an injury, but plane flight and skydiving can also generate the rapid pressure changes that lead to barotrauma. | | | To understand barotrauma, you will have to sit through a little lecture on middle-ear anatomy and physiology. |
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http://health.ivillage.com/ent/ear/0,,6blj,00.html
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| | Freediving - Medicine |
| | Middle Ear Barotrauma is one of the most frequent diving injuries. | | | Usually there are no problems and this happens automaticly, except middle ear (see Middle ear barotrauma). | | | Problems may occur while diving with headcold or influenza. |
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http://www.freediving.de/medicine.htm
(1077 words)
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| | barotrauma - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | barotrauma : The On-line Medical Dictionary [home, info] | | | Phrases that include barotrauma: sinus barotrauma, barotrauma otic, barotrauma sinus, ear barotrauma | | | barotrauma : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=barotrauma&ls=all
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| | Barotrauma - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston |
| | Barotrauma is caused by the inability of the Eustachian tube to equilibrate a sudden air pressure difference between the environment and the middle ear space. | | | Sudden severe pain with hearing loss and ringing in the ears may occur after an airline flight or scuba diving and indicates a pressure-related trauma to the middle ear. | | | Barotrauma - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston |
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http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site620/mainpageS620P0.html
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| | Northwest Diver - Ear Barotrauma and dizziness |
| | Yesterday I went diving and had the scariest experience yet. | | | But I will tell you that following the accident, Bobbie found that she had to equalize more frequently - which is less violent to the body and better for you anyway. | | | There are issues with side effects and dosing strategies and a small possibility of increased infection. |
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http://www.northwestdiver.com/forums/printthread.php?t=2040&pp=40
(6028 words)
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| | Ask an Expert: Middle Ear Barotrauma and ringing ears |
| | There was blood present in my mask and I spat some out upon surfacing from the dive. | | | NetWellness provides the highest quality health information and education services created and evaluated by faculty of our partner universities. | | | My ears were ringing very loud and I felt Ill. 2 days later my ears were still ringing so I went to a doctor who looked in my ears and heard my story, he said I had Middle Ear Barotrauma. |
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http://www.netwellness.org/question.cfm/29635.htm
(326 words)
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| | California Ear Institute - (650) 494-1000 - Aerotitis - Barotrauma |
| | Health and function of the human middle ear depends on equal pressure on each side of the eardrum (or tympanic membrane). | | | California Ear Institute - (650) 494-1000 - Aerotitis - Barotrauma | | | Page Last Modified: June 24, 2005 1:56:46 PM HST |
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http://www.californiaearinstitute.com/services_medical/m_aerotitis_barotrauma.php
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| | Barotrauma |
| | - General Health Encyclopedia Ear barotrauma Gallery (Select One) Alternative names: barotitis media; barotrauma; ear popping; pressure-related ear pain; eustachian tube dysfunction. |
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http://www.health-nexus.com/barotrauma.htm
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| | Ear Barotrauma |
| | A more serious form of ear barotrauma occurs when the round window to the inner ear ruptures due to pressure and volume changes on descent. | | | The event is caused by forceful Valsalva maneuvers while descending with a blocked Eustachian tube. | | | A tight fitting wetsuit hood or earplugs will cause this problem. |
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http://www.skin-diver.com/departments/ScubaMed/EarBarotrauma.asp?theID=987
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| | THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SCUBA DIVING: EFFECTS AND PREVENTION OF BAROTRAUMA. |
| | Embolism, air compression in the arteries, is also explained. | | | Find Academic, Research, College, and University Term Papers | | | PAGE LENGTHS, FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: The title of the paper, usually typed in capital letters, is followed by a brief description of the paper and a specification of text page length (NOT including the bibliography or endnote pages), number of footnotes or citations, and number of bibliographic references. |
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http://www.academictermpapers.com/abstracts/5000/05831.html
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| | Scuba Diving |
| | This is one page of 5 in this chapter, 81 in this book, and 4701 in the Family Practice Notebook. | | | Inner Ear Barotrauma (Round and oval window rupture) |
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http://www.fpnotebook.com/SPO76.htm
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