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| | Enacard Product Information |
 | | Azotemia was the cause of discontinuation of therapy in 4.3% of the dogs receiving standard therapy and placebo and of 3.0% of dogs receiving standard therapy and ENACARD® in these clinical studies. | | | Azotemia: In clinical studies, azotemia was based on the clinical investigator's medical opinion (clinical signs or laboratory values) or defined as a BUN value of ≥50 mg/dL and/or a CRT value of ≥2.5 mg/dL, since dogs in heart failure and dogs receiving furosemide have higher values than normal dogs. | | | Of 381 dogs in clinical field studies, azotemia as defined above was reported in 25.9% of 116 dogs receiving standard therapy and placebo, and in 28.7% of 265 dogs receiving standard therapy and enalapril. |
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http://www.medi-vet.com/Enacard.aspx
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| | Untitled Document |
| | While 92% of the patients with prerenal azotemia had a FENa,<1%, only 48% of those patients with prerenal and diuretic therapy had such a low FENa. | | | In contrast, the fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN) is primarily dependent on passive forces and is therefore less influenced by diuretic therapy. | | | Results: Patients were divided into three groups: those with prerenal azotemia(N=50), those with prerenal azotemia treated with diuretics(N=27), and those with ATN(N=25). |
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http://www.ijnephrol.com/aprjune2003/37.htm
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| | eMedicine - Azotemia : Article by Moro O Salifu, MD, MPH |
| | When patients are subjected to maneuvers that increase urinary flow (eg, diuretic renogram, perfusion pressure flow studies), they may exhibit an increase in size or pressure of the collecting system or experience pain. | | | With relief of complete ureteral obstruction within 48 hours of onset, there is evidence that relatively complete recovery of GFR can be achieved within a week, while little or no further recovery occurs after 12 weeks. | | | Up to 500-1000 mL/min of postobstructive polyuria can be seen with relief of obstruction, which is appropriate and represents an attempt to excrete the excess fluid during the period of obstruction. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic194.htm
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| | The District of Columbia Academy of Veterinary Medicine |
| | Prerenal azotemia, obstruction, and acute tubular necrosis tend to be associated with less proteinurea (trace-2+) than a glomerular lesion. | | | Generally, a serum BUN to creatinine ration of greater than 20 suggests prerenal azotemia rather than ATN, which is associated with a ratio of 10, although this value is subject to significant variation. | | | Although relatively new in veterinary medicine, the accuracy and simplicity of this method is bound to make it a popular method in the near future. |
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http://www.dcavm.org/03sept.html
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| | Kidney Problems |
| | This medication is usually given 30 minutes before chemotherapy, and at least 15 minutes prior to your radiation therapy treatments. | | | Your healthcare provider will suggest one, which is right for you. | | | Depending on your overall health status, your doctor may recommend that certain drugs be used to treat or prevent your kidney problem. |
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http://www.chemocare.com/managing/fullstory.sps?iNewsid=24712&itype=1875
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| | [No title] |
| | In two of the nine oliguria or anuria was intermittent; in both the clinical picture was dominated by severe peritonitis. | | | Azotemia was observed in 15 of the 44 patients. | | | In 3 patients the azotemia was of such low degree (74, 77, and 69 mg. |
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http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/PhysiologicEffetsofWounds/Chapter4.html
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| | Health Encyclopedia |
| | Prompt treatment of any condition that reduces the volume or force of blood flow through the kidneys may help to prevent prerenal azotemia from developing. | | | Prerenal azotemia is not uncommon, especially in hospitalized patients. | | | Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease: |
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http://www.slhn-lehighvalley.org/body.cfm?id=25&action=display&articlenum=508
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| | Renal Function Tests |
| | Hypovolemic conditions which lead to a compensatory decrease in renal blood flow may, if sufficiently severe and/or sudden, lead to acute renal failure from acute tubular necrosis. | | | In either case, patients present with oliguria and rapidly developing azotemia. | | | azotemia is not a necessary component of the syndrome, but may be present |
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http://www.pro2services.com/Lectures/Spring/RenalTests/renaltests.htm
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| | Mailing List WWW Gateway |
| | > >The continued need to use albumin infusions to correct >the prerenal azotemia. | | | Her clinical condition has been >recently complicated by a couple of episodes of MMF >induced leucopenia. | | | Are there any >suggestions for management of her nephrotic state with >prerenal azotemia ? |
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http://www.ualberta.ca/htbin/lwgate/NEPHROL/archives/tx.0304/Subject/article-18.html
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| | azotemia - definition of azotemia in Encyclopedia |
| | Treatment may include hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, medications to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure, and the treatment of the condition that caused the azotemia to begin with. | | | Azotemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the blood as a result of insufficient filtering of the blood by the kidneys. | | | Prompt treatment of some causes of azotemia can result in restoration of kidney function; delayed treatment may result in permanent loss of renal function. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/azotemia
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| | WSAVA 2001 - Selected Diseases of the Feline Kidney |
| | Cats with edema and ascites but without azotemia may be treated with furosemide (2—4 mg/kg q24h) and prednisolone (2—4 mg/kg q24h). | | | Cats with azotemia and endstage renal disease due to GN should be treated for chronic renal failure. | | | Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, isosthenuria, and nonregenerative anemia may be observed on laboratory evaluation. |
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http://www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00121.htm
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| | YSM CaseBook: A Patient with New Onset Azotemia |
| | YSM CaseBook: A Patient with New Onset Azotemia | | | Clear/1.015/no protein, glucose or ketones/sediment reveals occasional hyaline cases, moderate pigmented granular cases and many renal epithelial cells. |
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http://info.med.yale.edu/casebook/intmed/hadid/test_results.html
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| | Uremia |
| | ...your health care provider Alternative names: azotemia, prerenal; uremia; | | | Alternative names: Azotemia - prerenal; Uremia; Renal underperfusion. | | | Alternative Names Azotemia - prerenal; Uremia; Renal underperfusion. |
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http://health.cancer-help.org/web/Uremia.html
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| | MED On Line |
| | (6,8) In surgical patients, prerenal azotemia is a common cause of perioperative and postoperative renal dysfunction. | | | In patients with prerenal azotemia renal injury is more likely to be caused by drugs that can alter intrarenal hemodynamics, such as NSAIDs, (13,17) or reach high concentrations in renal tissue, such as aminoglycosides. | | | Among hospitalized patients, prerenal azotemia is often due to cardiac failure, liver dysfunction, or septic shock. |
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http://www.medonline.com.br/med_ed/med1/iranejm.htm
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 17, Ch. 222, Renal Failure |
| | Prerenal azotemia may be suggested by any disorder lowering renal perfusion (see Table 222-1). | | | Prerenal and postrenal causes (see Table 222-1) are potentially reversible if diagnosed and treated early; some renal causes that result in acute glomerular vascular and tubulointerstitial nephropathy also are treatable, such as malignant hypertension, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, bacterial infections, drug reactions, and metabolic disorders (eg, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia). | | | Intrinsic renal causes of ARF are usually associated with prolonged renal ischemia (hemorrhage, surgery) or a nephrotoxin. |
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http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section17/chapter222/222b.jsp
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| | Acute renal failure, VM 552 SAM Urogenital System |
| | For example, if a patient with bacterial pyelonephritis is treated with a nephrotoxic antibiotic and also becomes dehydrated, that patient is at greater risk for developing ARF than if only one of the conditions were present. | | | Glomerulonephropathy, which is usually immune mediated, can cause ARF but more often if glomerular disease results in azotemia, there is a gradual loss of renal function (CRF) rather than an abrupt decline in function (ARF). | | | The USG is concentrated and urine sodium is low in patients with prerenal azotemia. |
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http://courses.vetmed.wsu.edu/vm552/urogenital/arf.htm
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| | Dorlands Medical Dictionary |
| | renal azotemia, azotemia due to reduced glomerular filtration resulting from acute or chronic renal disease. | | | extrarenal azotemia, that due to a condition or process outside the kidney; see prerenal a. | | | It is the basis of the prefix azo- and occurs as a stem in such words as azotemia. |
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http://www.merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/dmd-a-075.htm
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| | Acute Renal Failure -- Answer |
| | It is extremely important to determine whether the patient has a history of diuretic use or has been exposed to other nephrotoxins; however, some patients may not be able to give a precise history. | | | Differentiating prerenal azotemia from ATN in the outpatient population is often difficult. | | | Urinary indices are often used to help distinguish between these two possible etiologies. |
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http://www.medscape.com/content/2003/00/45/63/456345/ans10.html
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| | scwtcarptumrd |
| | Azotemia and proteinuria were diagnosed in 1 hypoalbuminemic dog. | | | With the goal of identifying disease early, dogs should be screened even though they may not have clinical signs of disease, | | | Another dog developed weight loss and diarrhea; microscopic evaluations of intestinal biopsies were consistent with a diagnosis of lymphocytic-plasmocytic enteritis. |
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http://www.scwtca.org/scwtcarptumrd.html
(836 words)
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| | UIC College of Pharmacy Drug Information Center |
| | Prerenal azotemia and postrenal ARF are reversible, and can be corrected by supportive measures or surgery. | | | Once the cause has been determined, a treatment plan can be devised. | | | The classification of ARF is based upon the location of the disorder with respect to the kidney. |
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http://www.uic.edu/pharmacy/services/di/diureticsarf.htm
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| | Azotemia (VM 9144) |
| | Based on all information you have, what do you think is causing azotemia in this cat? | | | The cat receives appropriate treatment (which includes IV administration of 0.9% saline) and laboratory tests are repeated 24 hours later. | | | Based on all findings, what was the most likely cause of azotemia in this cat? |
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http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM9144/AZOTEMIA/azotemia.htm
(406 words)
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| | Azotemia - prerenal - A Medical Reference Article |
| | Azotemia - prerenal - A Medical Reference Article | | | A resource with information on over 10,000 medical topics including: Azotemia - prerenal |
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http://www.bloodandmarrowtransplant.com/dwp/000751.htm
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| | BUN |
| | Renal azotemia can occur in both acute renal failure (AFR) and chronic renal failure (CRF). | | | In addition to standard laboratory analysis of BUN, BUN may be measured using reagent strips that estimate BUN concentration through the use of urease. | | | May be differentiated due to the accompanying clinical signs of oliguria or anuria, though these signs can also occur with renal azotemia. |
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http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/courses_vm546/content_links/Clinical_Pathology/ChemPanel/bun.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | creatinine typically ranges between 4 and 13 mg/dl -- although this degree of azotemia is not specific for intrinsic renal failure, it generally excludes patients with exclusively prerenal azotemia C. | | | animals with ARF often have more severe hyperphosphatemia and acidosis for the degree of azotemia 4. | | | classic therapy is penicillin G (40,000 - 80,000 U/kg IM or SQ q 12 to 24 hours, reduce dose for azotemia) B. |
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http://www.vetsites.vin.com/Kidney/ARF.doc
(1985 words)
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| | Azotemia, Case 4 |
| | The azotemia is a TGF response, probably because with decreased water reabsorption, there will be increased flow through the collecting ducts, and therefore the distal tubules. | | | This horse continued to event, thus azotemia itself may not limit performance. | | | NSAIDs affect the renal medulla predominantly, and probably permanently affect collecting duct water channels called aquaporins, which transport water from the duct lumen into the interstitium. |
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http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8696/azotemia/tsld035.htm
(133 words)
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| | Dr. Rose's Peripheral Brain--RENAL FAILURE |
| | Diuretics inhibit tubular Na and can mask the oliguria and high urinary Na of prerenal azotemia | | | May also be treatable with atrial natriuretic peptide, which increases GFR (reduced need for dialysis in pts with ATN and oliguria but not ATN without oliguria in one study, NEJM 336:828, 1997-JW) | | | Dx-distinguished from prerenal azotemia by FENa (U/P Na divided by U/P creatinine x 100; us > 1.0 in ATN and < 1.0 in prerenal azotemia) |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/momus/PB/azotemia.htm
(895 words)
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| | Chronic Renal Failure |
| | Prerenal azotemia - renal hypoperfusion, usually with acute tubular necrosis | | | Uremia - azotemia with symptoms or signs of renal failure | | | Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) - irreversible kidney dysfunction with azotemia >3 months |
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http://www.outlinemed.com/demo/nephrol/11244.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Each case of ESRD costs about $80,000 per year so if you multiply that by the number of people with DN, the treatment is very costly. | | | DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY clinical course Azotemia (rising BUN, Cr) occurs after the development of nephrotic syndrome (>3.5g protein/24 hrs). | | | (See figure 1 on p.153 of the syllabus) The cumulative risks for proteinuria and azotemia parallel each other but proteinuria precedes azotemia. |
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http://www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/som/students/2001/noteservice/e27.doc
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| | FindArticles search for "Azotemia" |
| | FindArticles > All Publications > Results for "Azotemia" | | | Click below to search by topic and see top publications. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qt=Azotemia
(720 words)
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| | Acute Renal Failure Clinical Resources |
| | Renal Failure Indices for Differentiation of Prerenal Azotemia and Acute Tubule Necrosis: Access document | | | Clinical Features, Urinary Findings, and Confirmatory Tests: Access document |
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http://unthsc-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/nephrology/arf.htm
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