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| | Antibiotic resistance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone whose mechanism of action is very similar to ciprofloxacin; it is used in veterinary practice to treat respiratory infections of poultry, when it is added to water or to the feed and may be used to medicate a whole flock. | | | Phage therapy is a more recent alternative that can cope with the problem of resistance. | | | Vaccines do not suffer the problem of resistance because a vaccine enhances the body's natural defenses, while an antibiotic operates separately from the body's normal defenses. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance
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| | Antibiotic Resistance |
| | Disease-causing microbes that have become resistant to drug therapy are an increasing public health problem. | | | Though food-producing animals are given antibiotic drugs for important therapeutic, disease prevention or production reasons, these drugs can cause microbes to become resistant to drugs used to treat human illness, ultimately making some human sicknesses harder to treat. | | | FDA Outlines New Approach To Preventing Antimicrobial Resistance from Use of Animal Drugs (Oct. 23, 2003) |
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http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/anti_resist.html
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| | SCADPlus: Antibiotic resistance |
| | Antibiotics are indispensable in combatting infectious diseases and it is therefore imperative to preserve the effectiveness of those medicinal products which are still effective. | | | Antibiotic resistance and its various causes need a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach. | | | to pay particular attention to the problem of antibiotic resistance in specific health actions related to applicant countries, in particular in the framework of the Phare 2000 programme. |
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http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11561.htm
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| | DBMD - Antibiotic Resistance - Home |
| | Although awareness of the consequences of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is increasing both among physicians and patients, the practice remains widespread. | | | Only prescribe antibiotic therapy when likely to be beneficial to the patient | | | While there are many public and private organizations promoting and subsidizing interventions for appropriate antibiotic use, a strategic national approach to intervene in patient behavior has not been attempted. |
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http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/community#campaign
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| | Jack's "Bugs in the News" - What the Heck is Antibiotic Resistance? |
| | These antibiotics are things like the sulfa drugs, an example of which is sulfanilamide. | | | However, this issue is a world-wide problem and continuous efforts are being made to reduce this threat to human health. | | | However, it looks like this situation is changing. |
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http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/resistance.htm
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| | Penicillin and other antibiotics |
| | Apart from penicillin, the most important antibiotics from fungi are the cephalosporins (beta-lactams with similar mode of action to penicillin, but with less allergenicity) and griseofulvin (from Penicillium griseofulvum and related species) which is used to treat althlete's foot and related fungal infections of the skin. | | | The reason for concern is that the same antibiotics (or, at least, antibiotics with the same mode of action on bacteria) are also used for human therapy. | | | Why are there so few clinically useful antibiotics? |
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http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/microbes/penicill.htm
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| | CURRENT TOPICS Antibiotic Resistance: Introduction |
| | In spite of the many advances in microbiology, biochemistry, and drug discovery and development in recent years, we are not keeping pace with the ability of microbes to adapt to and resist antibacterials. | | | Learning more about the problem and how to wisely use antibiotics is an important first step in addressing the resistance problem. | | | Fortunately, efforts to increase awareness of the problem are on the rise as well. |
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http://www.microbeworld.org/htm/cissues/resist/resist_0.htm
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| | antibiotic resistance |
| | But most scientists who have studied growth promoters and their links to antibiotic resistance in humans say that there is no evidence that they are causing problems. | | | Those that are slightly insensitive to an antibiotic can often be eliminated by using more of the drug; those that are highly resistant require other therapies. | | | The US still allows antibiotics such as penicillin and chlortetracycline to be given as growth promoters even though they are routinely used to treat humans. |
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http://www.dhushara.com/book/genes/genaug/antibio.htm
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| | Antibiotic Resistance and Evolution |
| | Bacteria from their intestines were actually grown and subjected to various modern antibiotic medications. | | | Since such isolated functions of higher and higher levels of complexity do in fact exist in the natural world, it seems extremely difficult for the theory of evolution or any other purely naturalistic theory based on mindless naturalistic processes to explain their existence outside of deliberate design. | | | The theory put forward to explain Gram-negative resistance suggests that specific mutations could change the stability of the topoisomerase-DNA-quinolone complex without affecting the probability of its formation. |
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http://naturalselection.0catch.com/Files/antibioticresistance.html
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| | The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections |
| | But from 1991 to 1993, 11 of 40 tested strains (28 percent) were resistant to all five drugs. | | | But once they have identified a promising new drug for resistant infections, what we can do is to meet with the company very early and help design the development plan and clinical trials," says Blum. | | | In the Texas study, 407 patients from 1980 to 1986 were allowed to take their medication on their own. |
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http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/795_antibio.html
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| | The Problem of Antibiotic Resistance, NIAID Fact Sheet |
| | The Bacteriology and Mycology Study Group, a network of academic and private research institutes, conducts clinical trials for improved treatments for fungal infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. | | | The AIDS Clinical Trials groups can evaluate drugs that combat the problem of the HIV virus developing resistance to standard antiretroviral treatments. | | | The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (NIH), funds research, drug screening, and clinical trials to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance. |
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http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/antimicro.htm
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| | ROAR: Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance |
| | Clinicians who are interested in forces external to human medicine that may affect resistance of human pathogens; | | | The project, this site, and the associated network are maintained by grant AI50139-01A1 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. | | | Scientists who are interested in the mechanisms and ecology of resistance genes |
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http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/ROAR/roarhome.htm
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| | Antibiotic Resistance |
| | This site has been developed in response to current concern about antimicrobial resistance and provides information for the public to promote appropriate use of antimicrobials. | | | How do we become ill and how does our immune system work? | | | What are microbes and what is antimicrobial resistance? |
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http://www.antibioticresistance.org.uk
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| | Antibiotic Resistance |
| | In this case, your doctor would probably wait for culture results to identify the bacteria and prescribe the appropriate antibiotic therapy. | | | Viral and fungal infections do not respond to antibiotic therapy. | | | Antibiotics, however, are commonly prescribed to treat otitis media caused by bacteria. |
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http://www.floxinotic.com/antibiotic_resistance.htm
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| | The Rise in Antibiotic Resistance |
| | The National Institutes of Health publishes a fact sheet on antibiotic resistance, describing the scope of the problem and the general approach to combating it. | | | Humans have had a powerful impact on antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pesticide resistance in insects, and other adaptations of living organisms in response to our activities. | | | Yet even as we enjoy the benefits of antibiotics, their use promotes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. |
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http://www.sumanasinc.com/scienceinfocus/sif_antibiotics.html
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| | APUA: Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics |
| | Antimicrobials are uniquely societal drugs because each individual patient use can propagate resistant organisms affecting entire health facilities, the environment and the community. | | | Our programs seek to reduce drug resistance and improve the effectiveness of treatment for acute bacterial diseases, tuberculosis, AIDS and malaria in the industrial and developing world. | | | Wide-scale antimicrobial misuse and related drug resistance is challenging infectious disease treatment and healthcare budgets. |
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http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua
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| | MedlinePlus: Antibiotics |
| | The primary NIH organization for research on Antibiotics is the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | | | Bacteria in Dirt May Be 'Born' Resistant to Drugs (01/19/2006, Reuters Health) | | | Problem of Antibiotic Resistance (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antibiotics.html
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| | Antibiotic Resistance |
| | Foodborne intoxication due to Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. | | | Bacteria are acquiring antibiotic resistance at a rate that outpaces the ability of the scientific world to provide the medical world with new antibiotics. | | | An organized, global effort to curb the development of antibiotic resistance by standardizing the techniques used to treat and study resistance strains of bacteria. |
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http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/courses/mb427/2001/projects/02
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| | HPA - Infections Antibiotic Resistance: Factsheet for Schools |
| | The alternative antibiotics available for treatment may be less effective, or cause more side effects, and are often more expensive. | | | An infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics usually used to treat that infection, may fail to respond to treatment. | | | Antibiotic resistance is more common in some countries than others (usually those where use of antibiotics is less strictly controlled). |
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http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/wfhfactsheets/WFHantib.htm
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| | APUA: Consumer Information |
| | Since the 1940s, antibiotics have been the cornerstone of infectious disease therapy. | | | Antibiotics are prescribed for infections caused by bacteria. | | | Eventually, however, bacteria resistant to the first antibiotic picked up resistance to others as they were introduced into the environment. |
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http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/Patients/patient.html
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| | CSPI Antibiotic-Resistance Project |
| | Despite antibiotics’ extraordinary value, the overuse of those miracle drugs in medicine and agriculture endangers their continued effectiveness. | | | According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 to 50 percent of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions and 25 to 45 percent of antibiotics prescriptions in hospitals are inappropriate. | | | The time has come for public and private institutions, as well as the general public, to change their policies and practices to prevent further increases in antibiotic resistance. |
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http://www.cspinet.org/ar
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| | Keep Antibiotics Working |
| | Doctors depend on antibiotics to treat illnesses caused by bacteria, from pneumonia to meningitis and other life-threatening infections. | | | Recently, the effectiveness of many antibiotics has begun to wane, the legacy of decades of unnecessary overuse in both human medicine and agriculture. | | | Keep Antibiotics Working: The Campaign to End Antibiotics Overuse, is a coalition of health, consumer, agricultural, environmental, humane and other advocacy groups with more than nine million members dedicated to eliminating a major cause of antibiotic resistance: the inappropriate use of antibiotics in food animals. |
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http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com
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| | NPR : Soil Could Shed Light on Antibiotic Resistance |
| | Talk of the Nation, January 20, 2006 · New research points to drug resistance in soil-dwelling bacteria. | | | Scientists say studying bacteria in the soil can help in understanding how the bacteria in humans develop resistance. | | | NPR : Soil Could Shed Light on Antibiotic Resistance |
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http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5165117&ft=1&f=5
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| | AWARE - Alliance Working for Antibiotic Resistance |
| | AWARE, the Alliance Working for Antibiotic Resistance Education, initiated by the California Medical Association (CMA) Foundation, is long-term, statewide effort to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics. | | | The partnership includes physician organizations, healthcare providers, health systems, health plans, public health agencies, consumer and community based organizations, federal, state and local government representatives and the pharmaceutical industry. |
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http://www.aware.md
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| | Antibiotic Resistance Materials |
| | Antimicrobial Resistance: Data to Assess Public Health Threat From Resistant Bacteria are Limited (GAO, 1999) | | | The Agricultural Use of Antibiotics and its Implications for Human Health (GAO, 1999) | | | The origins and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance |
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http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/courses-jmgay/ABmaterials.htm
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| | MARR |
| | "Antibiotics and You," MARR's award-winning consumer education program is now available statewide. | | | The MARR Coalition is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving our antibiotic lifeline through education, research and collaborative partnerships. | | | There is still a lot you can do to stay healthy this winter, like washing your hands |
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http://www.mi-marr.org
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| | Antibiotic resistance |
| | Overuse antibiotics and bacteria can become resistant to them. | | | But could use of household disinfectants cause the same problem? |
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http://whyfiles.org/038badbugs
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| | Food and Environment index |
| | UCS was instrumental in convening a study committee that will examine the problem of antibiotic resistance in Maine and propose solutions. | | | UCS led the effort to introduce federal legislation restricting the use in livestock of medically important antibiotics. | | | Years of activism by UCS staff and supporters paid off when the Food and Drug Administration succeeded in withdrawing the approval for the poultry antibiotic Baytril. |
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http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_environment/antibiotic_resistance/index.cfm
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| | Antibiotic Resistance |
| | Requests for the document in an alternate format should be made by sending an e-mail note to: abxuse@health.state.ny.us. | | | Proclamation by the Governor recognizing October 11-17, 2004 Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Week (PDF, 100KB) | | | You are Here: Home Page > Antibiotic Resistance |
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http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/antibiotic/antibiotic.htm
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| | Wisconsin Medical Society |
| | If you are still looking at this in 15 seconds, click the link below. | | | The Wisconsin Antibiotic Resistance Network Web site has moved. |
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http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/warn/default.cfm
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