|
| |
| | Neurological Exam: Reflex Examination (Dialup) |
 | | Muscle tone is also a reflex; increased tone is hypertonia, decreased tone is hypotonia. | | | Deep tendon reflexes are graded but the scale is subjective and imprecise; 0 is the absence of any reflex, 2 is "normal" and 4 is maximally hyperactive and called clonus. | | | Reflexes, tone and strength provide information regarding the nervous system from the cerebrum to the sacral cord and help distinguish central from peripheral injury. |
|
http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/neuexam/reflex.htm
|
|
| |
| | GC1135 LAB: Human Reflexes |
| | The plantar reflex is a superficial spinal reflex that depends both on functional upper-level motor pathways and on the cord-level reflex arc. | | | The patellar tendon reflex ("knee-jerk" reflex) is a monosynaptic stretch reflex that assesses the nervous tissue between (and including) the L2 and L4 segments. | | | The patellar reflex assesses this section of the spinal cord. |
|
http://www.gen.umn.edu/courses/1135/lab/reflexlab/reflexlab.html
|
|
| |
| | Glossary.14. quadriceps, receptor, radius and reflex |
| | The reflex is diminished or abolished in lesions of the nerve supplying the muscle and tendon, lesions of posterior roots involving a sensory pathway as in tabes dorsalis, lesions of anterior root involving motor pathways, or lesions of lower motor neurons in anterior horns of gray matter of spinal cord, as in poliomyelitis. | | | Cutaneous reflex caused by irritation of the skin or areas depending upon the spinal cord as a motor center, such as the scapular, epigastric, abdominal, cremasteric, gluteal, and plantar reflexes, or upon centers in the medulla, such as conjunctival, pupillary, and palatal reflexes. | | | A reflex that does not involve a complete reflex arc, hence is not a true reflex. |
|
http://www.kneelsit.com/glossary/glossary14.html
|
|
| |
| | Stretch reflex gain in cat triceps surae muscles with compliant loads -- Serres et al. 545 (3): 1027 -- The Journal of ... |
| | Reflex force was calculated by subtracting the deafferented force responses from the responses obtained in the non-deafferented (decerebrate or spinal) conditions. | | | In fact, the reflex force and electromyographic responses to stretch increased with the contraction level, but their effect on the total reflex gain was cancelled by an associated increase in the intrinsic muscle stiffness, thus stressing the importance of considering the mechanical load on the feedback responses. | | | The mammalian stretch reflex is difficult to quantify because the sensors (muscle spindles and tendon organs) are an integral part of the muscle; the sense organs cannot be stretched without stretching the muscle, and the response is directly affecting both the muscle and the sensors. |
|
http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/545/3/1027
|
|
| |
| | Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Naval Flight Surgeon Manual: Third Edition 1991: Chapter 7: Neurology |
| | Other superficial cutaneous reflexes are the cremasteric reflex (in males), tested by stroking the thigh and observing the ascent of the testicles, the anal wink reflex (anus contraction to light pin prick), and the Bulbocavernosis reflex (contraction of the anal sphincter by stretching the penis). | | | Reflex testing is divided into muscle stretch or deep tendon reflexes, frontal release reflexes, frontal release reflexes, and cutaneous reflexes. | | | Other reflexes that can be tested are the superficial radial (brachioradialis) elicited by tapping over the radial aspect of the forearm and the deltoid and pectoral reflexes, tested by tapping over the deltoid and pectoralis muscles respectfully. |
|
http://www.vnh.org/FSManual/07/02GeneralNeurol.html
|
|
| |
| | Medical Tests and Signs |
| | Ankle Jerk Reflex: The Achilles tendon is struck by the examiner to test the reflex reactions related to L5-S1. | | | Knee Jerk Reflex: This test is conducted by striking the Patellar tendons of the knee for reflex indications of a lesion in the L2, L3-L4 segments. | | | Grasp Reflex / (Palmer Reflex): The palm is stroked. |
|
http://www.defenseinformationcenter.com/pages/iimedicaltests.html
|
|
| |
| | The Precise Neurological Exam |
| | Pendular reflexes are not brisk but involve less damping of the limb movement than is usually observed when a deep tendon reflex is elicited. | | | The triceps reflex is measured by striking the triceps tendon directly with the hammer while holding the patient's arm with your other hand. | | | The brachioradialis reflex is observed by striking the brachioradialis tendon directly with the hammer when the patient's arm is resting. |
|
http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/neurosurgery/reflexes.html
|
|
| |
| | Excitability changes in human peripheral nerve axons in a paradigm mimicking paired-pulse transcranial magnetic ... |
| | The H reflex recovery curves suggest that the recovery cycle for the reflex response is influenced by the recovery of excitability of the stimulated afferent axons. | | | As with all experiments involving H reflexes, the reflex response was sensitive to central and peripheral factors, and this probably explains the greater variability in the H reflex recovery curve than that of peripheral nerve (compare error bars in Fig. | | | The susceptibility of the H reflex to facilitation and inhibition varies with the size of the reflex, such that, at low amplitudes, the sensitivity of the H reflex to facilitation increases with increasing size of the reflex (Crone et al. |
|
http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/542/3/951
|
|
| |
| | PPT Slide |
| | These reflexes are evoked by stimuli applied to the skin. | | | Achilles reflex (ankle jerk) involves extension of the foot in response to a light tap on the Achilles’ tendon. | | | The patellar (or knee-jerk) reflex involves an extension of the leg due to contraction of the quadriceps, which is activated by a light tap applied to the patellar ligament. |
|
http://www.bridgewater.edu/departments/psychology/sensation/lect004/tsld018.htm
|
|
| |
| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 165, Neurologic Approach To The Patient |
| | Sphincteric reflexes may be tested during the rectal examination, or the perianal region may be touched lightly to induce an anal wink. | | | Hypoactive reflexes can be augmented by Jendrassik's maneuver, in which the patient locks his hands and vigorously pulls apart as the tendon in the lower extremity is tapped. | | | Deep tendon (muscle stretch) reflex testing evaluates the afferent nerve, synaptic connections within the spinal cord, motor nerves, and descending motor pathways. |
|
http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section14/chapter165/165c.htm
|
|
| |
| | Biol 2401 Anatomy |
| | Distorted, exaggerated or absent reflex responses may indicate degeneration or pathology of the NS Spinal cord injury, reflex tests help pinpoint the are or level of injury. | | | Initiated by tapping a tendon, which stretches the muscle the tendon is attached to, stimulates muscle spindles and causes reflex contraction of the stretched muscle or muscles. | | | Reflexes are rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to stimuli, they are mediated over neural pathways called reflex arcs. |
|
http://www.accd.edu/pac/science/hopper/biol2401/labunit4/reflexes.htm
|
|
| |
| | Sprained Ankle Fetish |
| | Ankle jerk reflex The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsi-flexed. | | | A positive result would be the jerking of the foot towards its plantar surface. | | | The achilles reflex checks if the s1 and 2 nerve roots are |
|
http://www.bomills.com/Sprained+Ankle+Fetish-33.html
|
|
| |
| | Uses of Reflexes |
| | For example, a plantar reflex is normally initiated by stroking the sole of the foot, and the usual response is flexion of the foot and toes. | | | This reflex is elicited in males by stroking the upper inside of the thigh. | | | Since normal reflexes depend on normal neuron functions, reflexes are commonly used to obtain information concerning the condition of the nervous system. |
|
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/n-reading27.html
|
|
| |
| | Knee jerk definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms |
| | Absence of the knee jerk can be due to an abnormality in the "reflex arc" required for the reflex to occur (the muscle "spindles" or the nerve fibers going from the patellar tendon to the spinal cord and returning from the spinal cord to the quadriceps). | | | It is less often referred to as the knee phenomenon, the knee reflex, the patellar tendon reflex, or the quadriceps reflex. | | | The knee-jerk reflex is also medically called the patellar reflex. |
|
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4116
|
|
| |
| | The Straight Dope: During a physical, why does the doctor tap your knee with a hammer? |
| | A faulty reflex in itself is not conclusive evidence that you have one of the problems above. | | | When the doctor tests your reflexes she's tapping the tendon that connects the muscle to the bone, which causes the muscle to stretch slightly. | | | If your patellar reflexes bite but your triceps reflexes are OK, that may mean you've got a lesion (injury) between your second lumbar vertebra and your--ah, never mind, only your doctor needs to know the details. |
|
http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a5_100.html
|
|
| |
| | BSL PRO H28 (copyright 2003 BIOPAC Systems, Inc.) |
| | The myotatic, or muscle stretch reflex, is an example of a spinal reflex. | | | These reflexes are carried out entirely within the spinal cord and are modified by inputs from higher brain centers to generate complex movements. | | | These reflexes are very important when trying to diagnose damage to the nerves or spinal cord. |
|
http://www.biopac.com/bslprolessons/h28/h28.htm
|
|
| |
| | ankle jerk - General Practice Notebook |
| | If this reflex is not present then ask the patient to clasp and interlock his fingers together and then pull them hard apart. | | | The ankle jerk reflex is supplied by L5 and S1 nerve roots. | | | an intact reflex will result in contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar flexion |
|
http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1845100515.htm
|
|
| |
| | Reflexes |
| | Tendon reflex may be evoked by low amplitude stimulus | | | Percussion response > Tendon reflex: Often muscle irritability due to denervation | | | Biceps reflex increased with lesions at or above C3/C4 |
|
http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/reflex.html
|
|
| |
| | Low Back Pain: AHCPR Clincian Guideines |
| | The examination is mostly subjective since patient response or interpretation is required for all parts except reflex testing and circumferential measurements for atrophy. | | | The ankle jerk reflex tests mostly the S1 nerve root and the knee jerk reflex tests mostly the L4 nerve root; neither tests the L5 nerve root. | | | The patient's inability to toe walk (calf muscles, mostly S1 nerve root), heel walk (ankle and toe dorsiflexor muscles, L5 and some L4 nerve roots), or do a single squat and rise (quadriceps muscles, mostly L4 nerve root) may indicate muscle weakness. |
|
http://www.chirobase.org/07Strategy/AHCPR/ahcprclinician.html
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | Pupillary light reflex and ciliospinal reflex (which has a pupillary response) 1. | | | The response is mediated over a neural pathway called a reflex arc and has a predictable outcome. | | | Due to the predictability of reflex arcs they are powerful tools used by the medical community to assess nervous system function. |
|
http://academic.bowdoin.edu/courses/f03/bio213/dissemination/sheep_brain_dissection.doc
|
|
| |
| | A&P 2 spinal cord notes fall 00 |
| | stretch reflex in response to tapping the patellar tendon | | | Reflexes allow body to make rapid adjustments to environmental change or homeostatic imbalance | | | spinal cord serves to act as an integrating center for spinal reflexes |
|
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/AP2Campus/AP2notes/AP2spinalnotes.htm
|
|
| |
| | D-CARE - Complete Diabetes Management System |
| | The ankle jerk reflex with preservation of the knee jerk is the classical check for neuropathy and your doctor will undoubtedly check this reflex on you. | | | Your doctor may also want to test your feet for the reaction to the prick of a needle in the "stocking distribution". | | | This will ensure that you and your doctor discuss the condition of your feet, because it is very easy for your doctor to forget to examine your feet. |
|
http://www.d-care.com/doctorarticles/drfoot3.html
|
|
| |
| | Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Naval Flight Surgeon Manual: Third Edition 1991: Chapter 7: Neurology |
| | The L-5 radiculopathy causes weaknessof the dorsiflexors and evertors of the foot and numbness and pain overthe lateral aspect of the leg and ankle and dorsal aspect of the foot. | | | TheS-1 radiculopathy results in weakness of the ankle plantar flexors andhamstrings and numbness and pain over the lateral aspect of the sole ofthe foot. | | | The cremasteric and bulbocavernous reflex should be tested if the patient has bowel or bladder symptoms. |
|
http://www.vnh.org/FSManual/07/10CommonSpine.html
|
|
| |
| | Achilles' tendon reflex (www.whonamedit.com) |
| | Ankle jerk, ankle reflex, tendo Achilles reflex, triceps surae reflex. | | | Plantar flexion extension of foot resulting from contraction of calf muscles following a sharp blow to the Achilles tendon. | | | Hypography is an open community about science and all things related |
|
http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/138.html
|
|
| |
| | Acute Low Back Pain |
| | L5 - Doriflexion, heel walk (tests ankle and toe dorsiflexors), no reflex, light touch. | | | Neurologic screening (lower extremity strength, sensation, reflexes and muscle mass) |
|
http://www.uicomp.uic.edu/intmedres/template/AcuteLBP.htm
|
|
| |
| | Re: F-wave value |
| | Normal values/the range of the H reflex latency is 25-35 msec. | | | It measures the time it takes for the impulse from the point of stimulation up to the spinal cord and back down the peripheral nerve to the muscle that is being recorded. | | | It may not be routinely done in some labs. |
|
http://www.medhelp.org/forums/neuro/archive/13443.html
|
|
| |
| | Motor neurone disease Health Guide - Health Guides Online |
| | Weakness of muscles affects central parts of the body, especially the face, and there is widespread loss of reflexes. | | | Back pain is common, and tingling sensations that start from the ends of limbs. | | | An example of this is diabetic neuropathy where there can be motor or sensory symptoms (loss of sensation in hands and feet) with a loss of ankle jerk reflexes. |
|
http://www.healthguidesonline.com/Motor_neurone_disease.html
|
|
| |
| | Prolapsed Disc by Dr Andrew Grainger and Donal.Shanahan@ncl.ac.uk |
| | This reflex passes via S1 and S2 nerve roots thus localising the problem to this spinal level. | | | Clinical examination revealed an absent ankle jerk reflex. | | | When the patient lay supine and his left leg was elevated with the knee extended (straight leg raise) he experienced severe pain down the back of the leg. |
|
http://anatome.ncl.ac.uk/tutorials/clinical/disc/text
|
|
| |
| | How Can You Know if Your Thyroid Could be Causing Your Symptoms? by Ken Woliner, MD |
| | A “delayed return phase" of the ankle jerk reflex is a pretty sensitive indicator of low thyroid. | | | _____ Decreased deep tendon reflexes (such as when your doctor bangs on your knees with a reflex hammer). | | | Quest Diagnostics’ normal range is 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL and I aim to keep my patients greater than 1.4 ng/dL. |
|
http://www.thyroid-info.com/articles/diagnosiswoliner.htm
|
|
| |
| | - Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago |
| | A person's reflexes may be abnormal, with weak or absent ankle-jerk reflex. | | | Several different tests can be performed to find the cause of sciatic nerve dysfunction. | | | Partial damage to the nerve may demonstrate weakness of knee flexion (bending), weakness of foot movements, difficulty bending the foot inward (inversion), or bending the foot down (plantar flexion). |
|
http://www.nmh.org/nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/Imagepages/9765.htm
|
|
| |
| | Anatomy MCQ |
| | Which of the following muscles dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint? | | | The movement of eversion of the foot takes place at the following joints EXCEPT the: | | | Which meniscus of the knee joint is most likely to be damaged? |
|
http://www.geocities.com/Baja/8287/mcq.htm
|
|
| |
| | Dr. Schilling's Net Health Book - Diagnostic Tests For Lower Back Pain |
| | The physician will check the patellar reflex and the ankle jerk reflex as a weak tendon reflex at the knee would point to a L3 or L4 nerve root compression. | | | On the other hand a missing ankle tendon reflex would be pointing to a S1 nerve root compression and would be associated with a drop foot. | | | As mentioned above, pain and a decreased range of motion are the obvious initial findings. |
|
http://www.nethealthbook.com/diagnostictestsforlowerbackpain.html
|
|
| |
| | Dictionary definition of ANKLE JERK |
| | Synonym: ankle jerk, ankle reflex, tendo Achillis reflex, triceps surae reflex. | | | A contraction of the calf muscles when the tendo calcaneus is sharply struck. | | | Please select first two letters of word you are looking for |
|
http://www.dictionarybarn.com/ANKLE-JERK.php
|
|
| |
| | Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints |
| | This is most often caused by changes in the muscles and tendons rather than changes in the nerves. | | | Some changes, such as a positive Babinski's reflex, are always considered abnormal. | | | Lean body mass decreases, caused in part by loss of muscle tissue (atrophy). |
|
http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/004015.html
|
|
| |
| | no ankle reflex |
| | When my son was 3 months old I remember the pediatrician in Florida saying that he could not find a reflex in his foot but it has to be there. | | | He still has no ankle jerk and the foot is pes cavus. | | | He wears an orthotic in his shoe and he is very active I have him bike riding, swimming, jumpimg on the trampoline etc. Apparantly an EMG wouldn't be suitable for a little boy and we may never know what is causing this or be able to put a label on this. |
|
http://www.medhelp.org/forums/neuro/messages/31927a.html
|
|
| |
| | D:\MAKWC\WorkComp99f.htm |
| | During that time Claimant stated that Dr. Schmidt checked his reflexes, asked Claimant to take a few steps, and took Claimant's medical history. | | | Schmidt concluded from his examination that Claimant's physical exam was within normal limits. | | | However, Dr. Schmidt did concede that there was some neurological findings on the exam referable to the left leg which demonstrated a trace ankle jerk reflex on the left side. |
|
http://members.aol.com/MAK202/WorkComp99f.htm
|
|
| |
| | Dorlands Medical Dictionary |
| | ) [Alexis Joffroy, French physician, 1844–1908] see under reflex. | | | Danish immunologist, born 1911; co-winner with Cesar Milstein and Georges J. Köhler of the Nobel prize for medicine or physiology in 1984 for his three theories: of the selective theory of antibody formation, of the T lymphocyte's distinction of “self” from “non-self,” and of the functional network of interacting antibodies and lymphocytes. | | | hypnic jerks, sudden brief contractions, usually of the legs but sometimes also of the head and arms, occurring during the onset of sleep. |
|
http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_j_01zPzhtm
|
|
| |
| | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Sciatica |
| | Reflexes may be abnormal, with weak or absent ankle-jerk reflex. | | | There may be weakness of knee bending or foot movement, or difficulty bending the foot inward or down. | | | Pain down the leg can be reproduced by lifting the leg straight up off the examining table. |
|
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000686.htm
|
|
| |
| | Broadmining: Ankle |
| | In anatomy, the ankle is the part of the | | | Not satisfied with the results: Help us improve |
|
http://lowide.com/Ankle&t=
|
|
| |
| | Sciatica symptoms and sciatic nerve anatomy |
| | The patient may have weakness in extension of the big toe and potentially in the ankle (called foot drop). | | | Symptoms of sciatica originating at this level of the lower back may include: pain and/or numbness to the top of the foot, particularly in the web between the great toe (big toe) and the second toe. | | | Sciatica from L5 nerve root (usually the L4-L5 level) |
|
http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/sciatica/sciatic_nerve02.html
|
|
| |
| | ankle - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about ankle |
| | It is formed by the ankle bone (talus) that fits into a socket provided by the lower ends of the tibia and fibula. | | | Hinge joint connecting the lower leg and the foot. | | | But I don't see what you can do, except get a carriage, or stay here all night," answered Jo, softly rubbing the poor ankle as she spoke. |
|
http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Ankle
|
|
| |
| | Hypothyroidism |
| | R = Relaxation of ankle jerk reflex is slow | | | S = Skin dry/ rough/ cold and inelastic |
|
http://www.psychejam.com/hypothyroidism.htm
|
|
| |
| | ankle jerk reflex - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word ankle jerk reflex: | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "ankle jerk reflex" is defined. |
|
http://www.onelook.com/?loc=rescb&w=ankle+jerk+reflex
|
|
| |
| | ankle joint from On-line Medical Dictionary |
| | Next: ankle pain, ankle reflex, ankle region, ANK repeat, ankylo- | | | Published at the Centre for Cancer Education, University of Newcastle upon Tyne | | | Previous: ankle bone, ankle clonus, ankle-foot orthosis, ankle injuries, ankle jerk |
|
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?talocrural+articulation
|
|
| |
| | Leg Monoparesis, Hemiparesis, Paraparesis, and Bilateral Arm Weakness |
| | Neonates with lesions at L5 and below have, in addition to the previous deficits, weakness of knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion, and decreased ankle jerk reflex. | | | Neonates with lesions at L3 and below have, in addition to the previous deficits, weakness of hip adduction and knee extension, and decreased knee jerk reflex. |
|
http://www.pediatricneuro.com/alfonso/pg239.htm
|
|
|
