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| | Gastroenterology Chapter 11 The Anal Canal |
 | | The wall of the anal canal is formed by a continuation of the circular muscle of the rectal wall; the smooth muscle is thickened in this area to form the internal anal sphincter. | | | Anal pain of any etiology may be aggravated by bowel movements. | | | While one hand separates the buttocks, the index finger is placed on the anal verge, and with the patient bearing down, thereby relaxing the anus, the digit is advanced into the anal canal. |
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http://gastroresource.com/gitextbook/en/chapter11/11-4-pr.htm
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| | Anus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The human anus is situated between the buttocks, posterior to the perineum. | | | Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, for example, described an anal stage, hypothesizing that toddlers derive pleasure from retaining and expelling feces. | | | One sphincter consists of smooth muscle and its action is involuntary; the other consists of striated muscle and its action is voluntary. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal
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| | Anal Cancer |
| | Although this operation was once commonly used for anal cancer, it is not used as much today because radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy is an equally effective treatment option but does not require a colostomy. | | | Your prognosis (chance of recovery) and choice of treatment depend on the stage of your cancer (whether it is just in the anus or has spread to other places in the body) and your general state of health. | | | If you feel pain when touched in the anal area, your doctor may give you medicine to put you to sleep (general anesthesia) in order to continue the examination. |
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http://www.cancer-info.com/analcanc.htm
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| | eMedicine - Anal Fissure : Article by Lisa S Poritz, MD |
| | The fibers of the internal anal sphincter are visible in the base of the chronic fissure, and often, an enlarged anal skin tag is present distal to the fissure and hypertrophied anal papillae are present in the anal canal proximal to the fissure. | | | Surgical therapy: Surgical therapy is usually reserved for acute anal fissures that remain symptomatic after 3-4 weeks of medical therapy and for chronic anal fissures. | | | A newer therapy for acute and chronic anal fissures is botulinum toxin (BOTOX®). |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3532.htm
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| | Anal Fissures |
| | Anal fissure can result from passage of large, hard stools or may be a secondary result of anal surgery, proctitis, or other diseases. | | | The lower anal canal is an exquisitely sensitive area of skin and can produce fairly significant signals of pain if it is damaged. | | | The operation is based upon the interesting research finding 15 years ago that patients with chronic fissures tend to have excessive anal canal pressure (tightness) and that by reducing the pressure a bit, the fissure can heal. |
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http://www.julies-story.org/ano/ano01.htm
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| | ASCRS |
| | Anal canal cancer is most often treated with chemoradiation protocols reserving radical surgery for those that fail this initial treatment. | | | This surgical anal canal relates directly to the entire length of the internal sphincter muscle. | | | It is for this reason that some have advocated performing anal colposcopy, a procedure that can better characterize the contour, color, vascular pattern, and texture of anal lesions in order to distinguish which lesions may be histologically worrisome. |
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http://www.fascrs.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=122
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| | Cancer Information, Research, and Treatment for all Types of Cancer OncoLink |
| | Surgical resection is used for treatment of lesions of the perianal area not involving the anal sphincter (approach depends on the location of the lesion in the anal canal). | | | Cummings BJ: The Role of Radiation Therapy With 5-Fluorouracil in Anal Cancer. | | | All other stage I cancers of the anal canal that involve the anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision are treated with external-beam radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. |
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http://www.oncolink.upenn.edu/types/article.cfm?c=5&s=10&ss=80&id=9201
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| | Chapter 36: The rectum and anal canal |
| | Sensory fibers are concerned with the reflex control of the sphincters and with pain. | | | The anal canal is very sensitive below the pectinate line, so that external hemorrhoids may be very painful. | | | Moreover, below the pectinate line, the anal canal is very sensitive and the intestinal mucosa soon merges into skin. |
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http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_36.html
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| | Anal complaints Seat (of) disease |
| | Defecation can be initiated by increasing abdominal pressure, straining at rectum and anal canal, mind, habits, etc. Anus with brain control controls the defecation process accordingly by time, place and circumstances. | | | This upper anal part is supplied by autonomic nervous system and doesn’t have pain sensitive nerve fibres. | | | The incidence of anal complaints increases with age factor and occurs more commonly in the 20 to 30 age group. |
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http://www.chennaionline.com/health/Homoeopathy/2005/08homoeo51.asp
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| | Anal Cancer - Treatment and Symptoms |
| | Treatment of recurrent anal cancer may include the following: Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, for recurrence after surgery.Surgery, for... | | | The anus is formed partly from the outer, skin layers of the body and partly from the intestine. | | | The cancer may come back in the anus or in other parts of the body. |
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http://goldbamboo.com/topic-t2600.html
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| | Anal Cancer |
| | It is important to note that most blood found in the stool is not due to a cancer, but rather a benign condition such as ulcers, bleeding polyps, hemorrhoids or fissures in the anal canal. | | | We describe surgery, radiation and chemotherapy along with "anal sparing" procedures. | | | While we don't promise a cure, we tell you everything you must know to help make the right choices today in dealing with an anal cancer problem. |
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http://www.canceranswers.com/Anal.Cancer.html
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| | Anal Cancer |
| | Biopsy anal canal lesions for cancer..: Internal Medicin... | | | Anal Cancer - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, & Anno... | | | The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Anal Cancer: A Revi... |
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http://gastro.medicalcarebooks.com/Anal~Cancer.html
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| | Anoscopy (Test) : WakeMed serving Raleigh, Cary, Wake County, Research Triangle, Johnston County, North Carolina, ... |
| | An anoscopy is a procedure that enables a physician to view the anus, anal canal, and lower rectum using a speculum. | | | This enlarges the rectum to allow the health care provider to view the entire anal canal using a light. | | | The anal canal appears normal in size, color, and tone. |
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http://www.wakemed.org/14054.cfm
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| | Statements of Principles — Malignant neoplasm of the anal canal — Reasonable hypothesis |
| | being treated with immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplantation before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the anal canal; or | | | being infected with human immunodeficiency virus at the time of the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the anal canal; or | | | suffering from anogenital human papilloma virus infection before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the anal canal; or |
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http://www.dva.gov.au/pensions/statemnt/b027rh.htm
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| | Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - Surface Anatomy of the Perineum - Yahoo! Education |
| | In the anterior part of the perineum the external genital organs are situated. | | | The only other muscles influencing surface form are the Ischiocavernosus covering the crus penis, which lies on the side of the pubic arch, and the Sphincter ani externus, which, in action, closes the anal orifice and causes a puckering of the skin around it. | | | The junction of the mucous membrane of the anal canal with the skin of the perineum is marked by a white line which indicates also the line of contact of the external and internal Sphincters. |
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http://messenger.yahooligans.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=287
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| | Anal Canal Cancer |
| | While surgery was the primary therapy 15 years ago, it has now become the method of salvage. | | | Thus it is a curable cancer with anal preservation in 65 to 75% of patients. | | | Carcinoma of the anal canal is confined to the pelvis in >80% of patients and it is a chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitive tumor. |
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http://www.niccresearch.org/pages/cmm_analcancer.htm
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| | Anal fissure (torn rectum) - causes and treatment options at MedicineNet.com |
| | At a line just inside the anus--referred to as the anal verge or intersphincteric groove--the skin (dermis) of the inner buttocks changes to anoderm. | | | Fissures are a common condition of the anus and anal canal and are responsible for 6-15% of the visits to a colonic and rectal (colorectal) surgeon. | | | Anal fissure is the most common cause of rectal bleeding in infancy. |
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http://www.medicinenet.com/anal_fissure/article.htm
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| | Statements of Principles — Malignant neoplasm of the anal canal — diagnostic protocol |
| | Malignancies of the anal margin or perianal skin | | | Before confirming the diagnosis you should also be satisfied that the claimed condition falls within the scope of the words in the following RMA SOP definition of malignant neoplasm of the anal canal. | | | The following investigations may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. |
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http://www.dva.gov.au/pensions/statemnt/b027dp.htm
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| | MedlinePlus: Anal Cancer |
| | What Should You Ask Your Doctor about Anal Cancer? | | | The primary NIH organization for research on Anal Cancer is the National Cancer Institute | | | What's New in Anal Cancer Research and Treatment? |
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/analcancer.html
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| | Carcinoma of the anal canal. |
| | Largely because of the rigorous collection of data and the treatment of patients in clinical trials, it is now widely accepted that the majority of cases are caused by human papillomavirus and can be cured by combination therapy. | | | Despite the rarity of carcinoma of the anal canal, remarkable progress has been achieved during the past 30 years in understanding its pathogenesis and improving treatment. |
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http://www.aegis.com/aidsline/2000/may/A0051585.html
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| | Anal canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine. | | | It is situated between the rectum and anus, below the level of the pelvic diaphram. | | | It lies in the anal triangle of perineum in between the right and left ischiorectal fossae. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_canal
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| | anal canal -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! |
| | Information on this medical disorder occurs at the junction of the anal canal and the rectum. | | | The natural and artificial channels that connect natural bodies of water are called canals. | | | The Bosphorus Canal is a dividing point between Asia and Europe, as well as an beautiful and effective causeway for the entire area of Instanbul. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9355265
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| | Rectal prolapse |
| | Exercises that strengthen the anal sphincter may also be helpful. | | | The part of the large intestine that ends at the anal canal. | | | Reducing constipation by eating a diet high in fiber, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding straining during bowel movements help prevent the onset of prolapse. |
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http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/rectal_prolapse.jsp
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| | the GASTROLAB Gastrointestinal Encyclopedia |
| | FOBT Fecal occult blood test, a test of blood invisible to the eye in the stool. | | | Fitz´s syndrome A syndrome caused by an acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis published in 1889 by R. Fitz | | | Faeces is the solid waste material of the body. |
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http://www.gastrolab.net/dictef.htm
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| | Anal Canal Cancer |
| | Extent of wall invasion (confined within the lamina propria/invades into submucosa but not into muscularis propria/invades into but not through the muscularis propria/invades through the muscularis propria and _____mm into perianal muscles/invades _____mm beyond the perianal muscles and it regional organs or adjacent structures (list the organs/structures). | | | Tumor type (if malignant melanoma, do not complete staging information): | | | Tumor location (proximal anal canal with or without extension to distal rectum, diffuse anorectal region, anus and distal anal canal): |
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http://www.peacefulpackers.com/informatics/m01_44.htm
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| | Medcyclopaedia - Anal canal |
| | the distal or terminal opening of the alimentary canal. |
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http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_ii/a/ANAL_CANAL.aspx
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