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| | [No title] |
 | | This movement is effected, as in the annelids, by the thin blood-vessels themselves, which discharge the function of the heart, contracting and pulsating in their whole length, and thus driving the colourless blood through the entire body. | | | As regards the remaining organs of the Amphioxus, we need only mention that the gonads or sexual glands are developed very late, immediately out of the inner cell-layer of the body-cavity. | | | When we compare this embryonic condition, the sandal-shaped foetus, with the developed lancelet, we may say that the amphioxus is, in a certain sense, a permanent sandal-embryo, or a permanent embryonic form of the Acrania; it never rises above a low grade of development which we have long since passed. |
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http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/vlmn210.txt
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| | research summary |
| | However, studies of Wnt1, Pax2/5/8 and engrailed expression suggest that the amphioxus nerve cord lacks a homolog of an organizer region, the isthmus, In addition, expression of Pax-1, Pax2/5/8 and Brachyury homologs has supported the homologies of amphioxus and vertebrate gill slits and notochord. | | | The Notch and wingless pathways may interact in establishing a posterior signaling center involved in anterior/posterior patterning of the nerve cord and in tail outgrowth. | | | The long term goal of this research is to understand how the chordate body plan evolved. |
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http://hollandlab.ucsd.edu/resum.htm
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| | AMPHIOXUS - LoveToKnow Article on AMPHIOXUS |
| | In comparative morphology it provides many illustrations of important biological principles (such, for example, as substitution and change of function of organs), and throws new light upon, or at least points the way to new ideas of, the primitive relations of different organic systems in respect of their function and topography. | | | Alimentary, Respiratory and Excretory Systems.Although the function of the two latter systems of organs is the purification of the blood, they are not usually considered together, and it is therefore the more remarkable that their close association in Amphioxus renders it necessary to treat them in common. | | | The ordinal name for the genera and species of Amphioxus is Cephalochorda, the term referring to the extension of the primary backbone or notochord to the anterior extremity of the body; the family name is Branchiostomidae. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AM/AMPHIOXUS.htm
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| | [Full text] No more than 14: the end of the amphioxus Hox cluster |
| | A) Structure of the amphioxus and mammalian Hox clusters, and deduced cluster structure inferred for the last common ancestor of Cephalochordates and Vertebrates. | | | The amphioxus Hox cluster: deuterostome posterior flexibility and Hox14. | | | Hence, the prototypical nature of the single amphioxus Hox cluster makes it unlikely that additional paralogous groups will be found in any chordate lineage. |
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http://biolsci.org/v01p0019.htm
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| | Amphioxus Lab |
| | Use the past tense to explain what was done to view the interior of the amphioxus (remember: we had to scan it); and a general statement of the structure of the tunicate larva. | | | What significance could you attach to the pattern of muscles in amphioxus? | | | Did we see how gill slits could change function? |
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http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/dfl/amphilab.html
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| | Amphioxus |
| | The ventral aorta is contractile in amphioxus and functions as the heart but there are also tiny pulsatile vesicles in the aortic arches. | | | The pattern of blood flow in amphioxus is similar to that of early vertebrates although there is no distinct heart (Fig 29-8). | | | Students with experience in vertebrate embryology will remember that the vertebrate liver develops from a midgut diverticulum on the right side of the embryo. |
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http://www.lander.edu/RSfox/310AmphioxusLab.html
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| | The Brain and Skull of Amphioxus Lanceolatus (1874) |
| | Hence, as each myotome of Amphioxus represents the corresponding portion of a protovertebra, it follows that the same region of the skull in the Lamprey and other Vertebrata represents, at fewest, six protovertebræ, almost all traces of which are lost, even in the embryo condition of the higher Vertebrata. | | | There is no evidence, at present, that the ear-capsule represents a modification of any part of the vertebral skeleton, nor that the trabeculæ are anything but an anterior pair of visceral arches. | | | The Brain and Skull of Amphioxus Lanceolatus (1874) |
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http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/SM4/Amphio.html
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| | Origin of Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 and MASP-3 Involved in the Lectin Complement ... |
| | Origin of Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 and MASP-3 Involved in the Lectin Complement Pathway Traced Back to the Invertebrate, Amphioxus -- Endo et al. | | | Origin of Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 and MASP-3 Involved in the Lectin Complement Pathway Traced Back to the Invertebrate, Amphioxus | | | Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; |
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http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/170/9/4701
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| | [No title] |
| | In amphioxus, AmphiBrn1/2/4 and AmphiPax2/5/8 are expressed in overlapping patterns, even if the first one extends more anteriorly, suggesting an evolutionary conservation of genetic pathways. | | | Recently, retinol oxidation activity has been reported for mammalian ADH3, although our in situ hybridization data showing tissue-specific expression in amphioxus would not support this role. | | | Amphioxus larvae are asymmetric, with the mouth being located on the left and the gill slits on the right side of the body. |
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http://evolution.luminy.univ-mrs.fr/abstract2002.html
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| | amphioxus |
| | One thing you may be able to notice is that the notochord extends more anteriorly than the nerve cord. | | | The amphioxus is an organism found in the subphylum Cephalochordata. | | | This distinction is only found in the amphioxus and no other chordates. |
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http://www.furman.edu/~vturgeon/chordate/chordate_amphioxus.htm
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| | The Amphioxus Song |
| | One of his last communications was to the effect that Amphioxus most nearly represented a paedomorphic neotenous larva of a Cyclostome. | | | In his day Amphioxus (now _Branchiostoma_) was often cited as proving the theory of recapitulation, and Garstang was the first scientist to try to repudiate that theory. | | | Nowadays, most systematic biologists agree that amphioxus is a sideline, and that the sea-squirts and other ascidians are more like our Great-Great-Great-to-the-Nth-power Grandparents. |
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http://newfish.mbl.edu/resources/amphioxus
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| | Mr. Lockwood 2003 - Amphioxus Lab Questions |
| | Why are the cirri so critical to amphioxus considering its eating behavior? | | | Why is Amphioxus a chordate but not a vertebrate? | | | Summarize your notes and text on stages in embryological development (ontogeny) of amphioxus. |
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http://members.shaw.ca/donlockwood/amphiquestions.htm
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| | Researcher traces gene development in 'last common link' |
| | A researcher studying the last common link between invertebrate and vertebrate animals has found a key genetic change that separates the spineless from the backboned. | | | He is interested in how these T-box genes, present in Amphioxus, humans and everything in between, have adapted their function and expression patterns to yield such a vast array of body plans, from worms to mice to humans. | | | Gibson-Brown has found that a gene involved in the development of a body layer in invertebrates duplicated within the vertebrate lineage after the development of amphioxus. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-04/wuis-rtg041602.php
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| | Amphioxus |
| | The body is elongated and slightly flattened, with segmented muscles (myotomes). | | | The amphioxus, or lancelet, a chordate belonging to the subphylum Acrania, has always attracted the interest of the biologists concerned with the study of vertebrate phylogeny. | | | The amphioxus filters water through its pharynx, obtaining food particles and oxygen for respiratory exchanges. |
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http://www.musei.unina.it/Zoologia/eng/4.2.2.6.1.htm
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| | Biological Bulletin, The: Coelomic cavities may function as a vascular system in amphioxus larvae. |
| | When amphioxus larvae begin to feed in the plankton (8), the extracellular matrices (ecm) of certain areas of the body are widely expanded ([ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 1A OMITTED]; methods: (20)). | | | Coelomic cavities may function as a vascular system in amphioxus larvae. | | | Biological Bulletin, The: Coelomic cavities may function as a vascular system in amphioxus larvae. |
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http://calbears.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb1456/is_199812/ai_n6380487
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| | Define Amphioxus : powered by In Dictionary (InDicitonary.com) |
| | It forms the type of the group Acrania, Leptocardia, etc. [1913 Webster] | | | It is the lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull, vertebr[ae], nor red blood. | | | Use the form below to search our dictionaries by entering a word you wish to define. |
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http://www.indictionary.com/define/Amphioxus
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| | Pubs |
| | Holland, L.Z. Muscle development in amphioxus: morphology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. | | | Amphioxus and the utility of molecular genetic data for hypothesizing body part homologies between distantly related animals. | | | Topographic changes in nascent and early mesoderm in amphioxus embryos studied by dil labeling and by in situ hybridization for a Brachyury gene. |
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http://hollandlab.ucsd.edu/pubs.htm
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| | Amphioxus Cell Technologies, Inc. Unveils New Cell CultureSystem for Gro |
| | This new cell system gives pharmaceutical companies a reliable model to use in developing and testing new HBV drugs. | | | The cell cultures simulate normal human liver responses to stimuli, including drugs and hormones. | | | The company is also taking a similar approach to growing the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which affects nearly four million people in the United States and has a similar inability to grow in culture. |
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http://archive.mail-list.com/hbv_research/msg01051.html
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| | Amphioxus |
| | Like invertebrates, the amphioxus have numerous paired excretory organs and of course, no vertebrae. | | | It has no heart and the barest indication of a brain. | | | The amphioxus, of a group of simple marine organisms commonly called lancelet, belongs to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, and subphylum Cephalochordata. |
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http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb/classlab/animalia/amphioxus.html
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| | Earliest appearances of The Amphioxus Song |
| | The 2001-2002 Amphioxus research season revealed new information, including what are probably the earliest forms of the song. | | | These early versions of the song show noticeable differences in exact wording ("skin and hair" versus "lungs and hair", for example), so that we can assume that some of the population-level variation in the words has been extant since the beginning. | | | Among them was one called simply "Amphioxus" and which consisted only of the chorus, which was given as: |
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http://newfish.mbl.edu/resources/amphioxus/amphioxus.php
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| | Minisatellite instability at the Adh locus reveals somatic polymorphism in amphioxus -- Cañestro et al. 30 (13): ... |
| | Kozmik,Z., Holland,N.D., Kalousova,A., Paces,J., Schubert,M. and Holland,L.Z. (1999) Characterization of an amphioxus paired box gene, AmphiPax2/5/8: developmental expression patterns in optic support cells, nephridium, thyroid-like structures and pharyngeal gill slits, but not in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region. | | | amphioxus a suitable model to monitor repeat dynamics and analyze | | | Garcia-Fernàndez,J. and Holland,P.W. (1994) Archetypal organization of the amphioxus Hox gene cluster. |
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http://nar.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/13/2871
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| | Evolution and Development Group Genome Evolution |
| | Our study is based on the comparison of the copy rates of amphioxus genes to their vertebrate (human-mouse) orthologs. | | | Most studies published so far testing the validity of the 2R hypothesis included a limited number of genes from organisms phylogenetically close to the point of the hypothesised genome duplications. | | | To be able to decide on the nature of the duplication event at the origin of vertebrates we have also assessed in the above publication, the arrangement of duplicated genes in the human genome in duplicated segments. |
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http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~amphioxus
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| | Amphioxus bibliography |
| | Goodrich, E. S., 1902, On the structure of the execretory organs of Amphioxus, Part 1: Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, v. | | | A light microscope investigation based on intravascular injection technique: Acta Zoologica, Stockholm, v. | | | Flood, P. R., 1968, Structure of the segmental trunk muscle in amphioxus: with notes on the course and "endings" of the so-called ventral root fibres: Zeitschrift fr Zellforschung und Mikro-skopische Anatomie, v. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/biblio/amphioxus.html
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| | Variations in Vertebrate Digestive Systems |
| | Digestive systems provide a good example of how natural selection can modify a basic design to suit a variety of functions. | | | The gut of amphioxus is a simple tube from mouth to anus, lacking the division into specialized organs that we see in humans. | | | We do not know exactly what the ancestral vertebrates were like, but there is evidence that they may have resembled a small creature called a sand lance, or amphioxus. |
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http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/vartheme.htm
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| | Introduction to the Cephalochordata |
| | Known as lancelets or as amphioxus (from the Greek for "both [ends] pointed," in reference to their shape), cephalochordates are small, eel-like, unprepossessing animals that spend much of their time buried in sand. | | | In some parts of the world, amphioxus are eaten by humans or by domestic animals; they are important food items in some parts of Asia, where they are commercially harvested. | | | Today, amphioxus may be extremely common in shallow sandy environments: at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, up to five thousand individuals per square meter of sand have been reported. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/cephalo.html
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| | HUGO HGM2004 - Presentation 88 - How often do gene duplicates adopt a novel role? Views from a comparative whole mount ... |
| | Amphioxus is the closest living invertebrate chordate to vertebrates whose genome has not undergone the extensive gene duplications that are hypothesised at the origin of vertebrates thus serving as a reference point for deducing ancestral gene function. | | | We have grouped the human duplicated genes that have an invertebrate ortholog in 3,044 groups. | | | We have started to systematically catalogue the differences in the tissue expression patterns between zebrafish duplicates via a whole mount insitu hybridisation screen and compare them to the expression pattern of their amphioxus ortholog. |
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http://hgm2004.hgu.mrc.ac.uk/Abstracts/Publish/WorkshopOrals/Workshop12/hgm088.html
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| | Kinesin-Related Genes from Diplomonad, Sponge, Amphioxus, and Cyclostomes: Divergence Pattern of Kinesin Family and ... |
| | The divergence pattern of the animal Unc104/KIF1 subfamily is | | | sponge, amphioxus, hagfish, and lamprey determined in this work, | | | have been cloned from sponge, amphioxus, hagfish, and lamprey. |
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http://mbe.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/19/9/1524
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| | Amphioxus |
| | The muscle segments produce the sinusoidal swimming of these animals. | | | Subphylum Cepalochordata: The lancelet Branchiostoma (fromerly called Amphioxus) |
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http://oscar.ctc.edu/access/geology100/amphioxus.html
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| | IngentaConnect A reexamination of the epithelial sensory cells of amphioxus (Bra... |
| | The presence of degenerating type II cells suggests that they may be subject to a regular process of loss and renewal. | | | Type II cells may be chemosensory, however, and should not be ruled out a priori as possible homologues of either primary or secondary chemosensory cells in vertebrates. | | | The results do not resolve the evolutionary issue of how amphioxus sensory cells relate to the epithelial sensory and receptor cells of vertebrates. |
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http://api.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/azo/1999/00000080/00000002/art00005
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| | 3350 Lab 1 |
| | d) How does the Ammocoete anatomy compare with what you saw in Amphioxus? Which structures are homologous? How do you know?? |
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http://science.kennesaw.edu/~rmatson/Biol%203350L/3350Lab1.htm
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - amphioxus |
| | Lancelet, also called amphioxus, primitive fishlike animal that lacks a backbone but has many characteristics of vertebrates (animals with... | | | Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian. | | | How well did we match your search term? |
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http://encarta.msn.com/amphioxus.html
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| | Int. J. Dev. Biol. - Developmental expression of the High Mobility Group B gene in the amphioxus, Branchiostoma ... |
| | These proteins have also been shown to play key roles during embryonic development and cell differentiation. | | | The dynamic expression of AmphiHMGB during embryonic development reveals for the first time that it may involve differentiation of neural ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm in this animal. | | | Sequence analysis indicates that this putative AmphiHMGB protein contains four domains: HMG-box A, HMG-box B, basic region, acidic carboxyl-terminal tail and a linker. |
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http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper.php?doi=041915xh
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| | Mr. Lockwood 2003 - Amphioxus |
| | Here you will find information and helpful hints for the Amphioxus lab. |
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http://members.shaw.ca/donlockwood/amphioxus.htm
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