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| | Complement System [Definition] |
 | | The complement system is a complex biochemical cascade of the immune system The immune system is the collection of organs and tissues involved in the adaptive defense of a body against foreign biological material. | | | In the alternative pathway C3 is split into C3a and C3b. | | | [click for more] and the mannan-binding lectin pathway. |
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http://www.wikimirror.com/Complement_system
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| | The Innate Immune System: The Complement System - The Lectin Pathway |
| | There are 3 complement pathways that make up the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the lectin pathway, and the alternative complement pathway. | | | The MBP is equivalent to C1q in the classical complement pathway. | | | The beneficial results are the same as in the classical complement pathway above: |
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http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/innate/lectin.html
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| | Complement |
| | It is for this reason, the alternative pathway is also called the properdin pathway. | | | The complement activation can be divided into three pathways: classical pathway, alternative pathway and membrane attack pathway. | | | C5 convertase generated by the classical or alternative pathway cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. |
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http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/complement.htm
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| | National Blood Service Hospitals |
| | The complement system may be activated by two alternative methods, the ‘classical’ and ‘alternative’ pathways, both of which are subject to regulatory and feedback mechanisms. | | | Completion of the classical complement pathway by blood group antibodies in the body, which results in intravascular haemolysis, is however a very rare event. | | | C4 The classical complement pathway can be described as three sequential though interrelated phases: |
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http://www.blood.co.uk/hospitals/training/IntBGS/IntBGS04.htm
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| | timo's thesis |
| | Activation of the alternative pathway is suppressed on "nonactivator" surfaces (e.g. | | | Lack of correlation between protectin excretion and proteinuria in the MGN and DNP patients suggested that the increased protectin excretion in MGN was not simply due to proteinuria or to a change in the glomerular permeability. | | | Formation of the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway, C3bBb, requires a positive feedback reac tion that involves C3b. |
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http://www.helsinki.fi/~ttlehto/thesis.html
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| | eMedicine - Complement Deficiencies : Article by R Krishna Chaganti, MD |
| | New studies point to the complex interplay between the complement cascade and adaptive immune response, and complement is also being studied in association with ischemic injury as a target of therapy. | | | The pathways include the classic pathway (C1qrs, C2, C4), the alternative pathway (C3, factor B, properdin), and the mannan-binding pathway (mannan-binding lectin [MBL]). | | | Properdin stabilizes the C3 convertase (C3bBb) of the alternative pathway. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic419.htm
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| | JGV Direct - Review: Virus complement evasion strategies (H. W. Favoreel and others) |
| | The second pathway of complement activation, the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway, shows strong similarities to the classical pathway. | | | The complement system, although indisputably of significant importance during the adaptive immune response, evolved originally as part of the elder innate immune system and, as discussed already, may aid in clearing a virus infection in various ways. | | | Activation of any one of the three complement pathways results in the production of several anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a and C5a). |
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http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/JGVDirect/18709/18709ft.htm
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| | Alternative pathway |
| | The second property is the cause of positive feedback (41), which is the driving force of amplification of the pathway, a property lacking in the classical complement pathway. | | | One such mixture behaved qualitatively and quantitatively like the alternative pathway in whole human serum (42). | | | The degree of specificity of the pathway is low, but by no means non-specific (35). |
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http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/MBChB/Merralls/Alternative.html
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| | eMedicine - Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative : Article by Pranay Kathuria, MD, FACP, FASN |
| | The alternative pathway utilizes C3 and factors B and D to form the alternative pathway convertase C3Bb. | | | The nephritic factor of the classic pathway (ie, NFc or C4NeF) is found in approximately 15% of patients. | | | Signs of activation of the classic pathway are minimal, and circulating immune complexes do not appear to play a role in the genesis of this variant. |
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http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic887.htm
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| | Complement Assays |
| | Early component deficiencies of the classical pathway are usually associated with lupus-like presentation, sometimes with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis and skin lesions. | | | Many patients with complement deficien-cies may be asymptomatic for many years, while others have recurrent problems. | | | Properdin is also known as P. Its function is to stabilize the alternative pathway. |
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http://www.njc.org/complement/comp/comp_01.html
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| | Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5 |
| | There are two major pathways that lead to complement pathways. | | | Blocks C3 convertase in both classical and alternative pathway | | | C4b-BP Blocks formation of C3 convertase in classical pathway |
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http://webmed.unipv.it/immunology/compl.html
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| | BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life |
| | Primary signaling is through the JAK/Stat6 pathway and MAPKs. | | | Primary signaling is through the JAK/Stat pathway and MAPKs. | | | Signaling is believed to be primarily through Stat5 and the MAPK pathways. |
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http://www.biocarta.com/genes/catImmunology.asp
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| | Complement Evasion Strategies |
| | The full interaction of HIV with the human complement system remains to be elucidated. | | | Lest the situation seem overly simple, HIV interacts with the complement system in a variety of other ways as well. | | | While VCP inhibits the classical complement pathway via binding to C4b (Kotwal et al., 1990), it also inactivates the alternative complement pathway by binding to C3b and accelerates the decay of the C3 convertases of both the classical and alternative pathways. |
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http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/ies/ces.html
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| | D'Adamo Knowledge Base: The Blood Type Diet Online |
| | The second is to turn on the alternative complement pathway to destroy them. | | | Endotoxins cause septic shock, a well recognized immune reaction found in post surgical patients and in other hospital patients with predisposing factors such as diabetes, cirrhosis, leukemia and cancer. | | | These symptoms include the well known anaphylaxis symptoms of allergy; bronchiole congestion and asthma, hives and eczema, headaches, loss of memory and "spaciness." |
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http://www.dadamo.com/knowbase/immunity/immunity5.htm
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| | The Complement System |
| | The massive release of anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) may cause dangerous swelling (edema) of the airways, as well as of the skin and intestine. | | | A deficiency of C2 (or one of the other early components) is frequently found in patients with the autoimmune disorder system lupus erythematosus (SLE). | | | The binding of antibody to its antigen often triggers the complement system through the so-called classical pathway. |
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http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Complement.html
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| | Thomas Kozel, Ph.D. |
| | Experimental approaches emphasize structural chemistry of polysaccharides and molecular immunology with particular emphasis on use of monoclonal antibodies. | | | Research questions include the biological functions of these surface structures and their interactions with serum proteins such as antibodies, mannan binding lectin and proteins of the complement system. | | | Epitope specificity influences the ability of anti-capsular monoclonal antibodies to activate the classical and alternative complement pathways leading to binding of C3 fragments to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. |
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http://www.unr.edu/cmbprog/tkozel-new.htm
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