Germ layer<

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The <bb>>Germb>bb>> Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery. Pasteur, Louis. 1909-14. Scientific Papers. The Harvard Classics

A septic fluid, taken at the moment that the vibrios are not yet changed into germs, loses its virulence completely upon simple exposure to the air, but preserves this virulence, although exposed to air on the simple condition of being in a thick layer for some hours.
By the terms “<bb>>germb>bb>>” and “<bb>>germb>bb>> corpuscles,” Pasteur undoubtedly means “spores,” but the change is not made, in accordance with note 2, p.
The <bb>>Germb>bb>> Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery.

http://www.bartleby.com/38/7/7.html (1894 words)



<bb>>Germb>bb>> Cell Migration

The primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells multiply in the upper reaches of the yolk sac and migrate to the gonad, a mesodermal structure which forms near the embryonic kidneys.
If the primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells are XX containing, they proliferate in the cortex or outer layer of the gonad.
If the primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells are XY containing, they proliferate in the medulla or core of the gonad.

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/gondev.html (87 words)



Vinyl

Sheet vinyl has color and patterns that are either inlaid all the way through the vinyl or are a separate layer that is sandwiched between the backing and the clear wear-layer.
Sheet vinyl is made for residential rooms where easy cleanup is required like kitchens and bathrooms, and it is made commercially for offices and hospitals where traffic is very heavy and maintenance must be <bb>>germb>bb>> free.
Vinyl with a thicker wear layer performs better.

http://www.rothcarpet.com/vinyl.html (712 words)



Caspar Friedrich Wolff: Definition and Much More From Answers.com

Wolff foreshadowed the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory by showing that the material out of which the embryo is constructed is, in an early stage of development, arranged in the form of leaf-like layers.
Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of <bb>>germb>bb>> layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory.
Wolff, Caspar Friedrich (käs'pär frē'drĭkh vôlf), 1733–94, German biologist, a founder of observational embryology.

http://www.answers.com/topic/caspar-friedrich-wolff (597 words)



Caspar Friedrich Wolff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of <bb>>germb>bb>> layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory.
Wolff foreshadowed the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory by showing that the material out of which the embryo is constructed is, in an early stage of development, arranged in the form of leaf-like layers.
In 1759 Wolff graduated as an M.D. from the University of Halle with his dissertation "Theoria Generationis" where he revived and supported the theory of epigenesis previously proposed by Aristotle and William Harvey.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Friedrich_Wolff (379 words)



Caspar Friedrich Wolff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wolff foreshadowed the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory by showing that the material out of which the embryo is constructed is, in an early stage of development, arranged in the form of leaf-like layers.
Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of <bb>>germb>bb>> layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory.
He described these in his dissertation "Theoria Generationis" after observing them in his studies on chick embryos.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Friedrich_Wolff (379 words)



Caspar Friedrich Wolff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wolff foreshadowed the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory by showing that the material out of which the embryo is constructed is, in an early stage of development, arranged in the form of leaf-like layers.
Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of <bb>>germb>bb>> layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer theory.
Caspar Friedrich Wolff (January 18, 1734 in Berlin, Germany - February 22, 1794 in St.Petersburg, Russia) is one of the founders of embryology.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Friedrich_Wolff (379 words)



endoderm on Encyclopedia.com

The endoderm is the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer from which are formed the digestive system, many glands, and part of the respiratory system.
Cell movement results in an invagination of the bottom region, or vegetal hemisphere, of the embryo so that it resembles a double-walled cup.
The inner layer of the cup is the endoderm; the outer layer is the ectoderm; a middle layer, the mesoderm, forms from a marginal zone.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/e1/endoderm.asp (430 words)



<bb>>Germb>bb>> Cell Migration

The primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells multiply in the upper reaches of the yolk sac and migrate to the gonad, a mesodermal structure which forms near the embryonic kidneys.
If the primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells are XX containing, they proliferate in the cortex or outer layer of the gonad.
If the primordial <bb>>germb>bb>> cells are XY containing, they proliferate in the medulla or core of the gonad.

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/gondev.html (87 words)



CWRU School of Dentistry - Class Notes (Oral Histology - Bell Stage)

The layer of low columnar cells of the inner enamel epithelium is continuous with the layer of cuboidal cells that form the outer enamel epithelium at the structure termed the cervical loop.
Identify the histologic features of the tooth <bb>>germb>bb>> that you have studied in previous frames.
The third component of the tooth <bb>>germb>bb>> is the dental sac which is a concentration of mesenchymal connective tissue that encircles the enamel organ and the dental papilla.

http://www.cwru.edu/dental/web/histologyoral/imageinfo/teeth/bellstageoverview.htm (87 words)



Pharyngula Science

Your original three <bb>>germb>bb>> layers consisted of ectoderm, which developed into your epidermis and central nervous system; endoderm, which forms the lining of your gut and associated organs; and mesoderm, which contributed to all the stuff in between your gut tube and your skin, muscle, bone, connective tissue, blood, etc.
The medusa has greater complexity, new cell types, and also seems to have a distinct third <bb>>germb>bb>> layer—calling it a diploblast seems to be a misnomer.
In the medusa, the ectocodon also cavitates, and the part near the feeding organ (manubrium, ma in the stage 5-6 diagram) will form a layer of smooth muscle (green), while the part towards the outside will form the smooth and striated muscle lining the umbrella-shaped bell of the jellyfish.

http://pharyngula.org/index/science/2005/06 (6274 words)



AllRefer.com - mesoderm (Cell Biology) - Encyclopedia

The mesoderm is the <bb>>germb>bb>> layer that forms many muscles, the circulatory and excretory systems, and the dermis, skeleton, and other supportive and connective tissue.
Continued cell movement results in an invagination of the bottom region of the embryo, producing a form that resembles a double-layered cup.
mesoderm, in biology, middle layer of tissue formed in the gastrula stage of the developing embryo.

http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/M/mesoderm.html (242 words)



Carol Milano

Whole grains have three layers: the <bb>>germb>bb>> (the inner layer), the endosperm (the middle layer) and bran (the outer layer).
Pearled barley, however, is generally refined, and rye is rarely whole in the U.S., notes Dr. Jacobs, so you'll need to check carefully.
Two separate studies of women in the ongoing Nurses Health Study at Harvard Medical School found some dramatic benefits.

http://www.nasw.org/users/milanocarol/wholewheat_the_whole_truth.html (242 words)



VE Glossary

Process in which post-blastula embryo forms three <bb>>germb>bb>> layers, which will differentiate into various structures and organs
Embryo in early stages of <bb>>germb>bb>> layer formation, immediately following blastula stage; Gastrula consists of two cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm) which enclosed archenteron (central cavity) that opens to outside via the blastopore
Mature reproductive cell; Special haploid cell (eggs or sperm) that fuses with another gamete from opposite sex to form a zygote; Also known as <bb>>germb>bb>> cell

http://www.visembryo.com/baby/gloss.html (242 words)



developmental_biology.html

allantois, amnion, blastocyst, blastomere, blastula, blastulation, chorion, chrysalis, cleavage, ectoderm, embryo, embryogenesis, embryogeny, embryology, endoderm, evocation, extra-embryonic membrane, fetus (or foetus), gastrula, gastrulation, <bb>>germb>bb>> layer, <bb>>germb>bb>> plasm, <bb>>germb>bb>>, germination, induction, juvenile, larva, mesoderm, metamorphosis, morphogenesis, morula, neoteny, neural development, nymph, ontogeny, oosperm, ovism, paedogenesis, pangenesis, phylogeny, primordium, pupa, rudiment, teratology, zygote
An understanding of the specialization of stem cells to specific tissues and organs could lead to the specific cloning of organs for medical purposes.

http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/d/de/developmental_biology.html (242 words)



ipedia.com: Developmental biology Article

allantois, amnion, blastocyst, blastomere, blastula, blastulation, chorion, chrysalis, cleavage, ectoderm, embryo, embryogenesis, embryogeny, embryology, endoderm, evocation, extra-embryonic membrane, fetus (or foetus), gastrula, gastrulation, <bb>>germb>bb>> layer, <bb>>germb>bb>> plasm, <bb>>germb>bb>>, germination, induction, juvenile, larva, maternal effect, mesoderm, metamorphosis, morphogenesis, morula, neoteny, neural development, nymph, ontogeny, oosperm, ovism, paedogenesis, pangenesis, phylogeny, primordium, pupa, rudiment, teratology, zygote

http://www.ipedia.com/developmental_biology.html (396 words)



Corn oil instead of corn meal - Garden Experiments Forum - GardenWeb

Most corn oil is obtained by crushing and extracting wet milled corn germ, and like "wheat germ oil," corn oil could more accurately be called "corn germ oil." The US produces 57% of the world's supply of corn oil.
The second article says that the antifungal compounds of interest come from the "endosperm (including aleurone layer) and embryo tissues".
Corn oil's desirable properties include: its mild nutty flavor, its high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, its low levels of saturated fatty acids, its very low levels of linolenic acid, its high levels of unsaponifiables (including phytosterols and tocopherols), and its stability during frying.

http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/lab/msg0314030518507.html?/lab/... (819 words)



Developmental biology

allantois, amnion, blastocyst, blastomere, blastula, blastulation, chorion, chrysalis, cleavage, ectoderm, embryo, embryogenesis, embryogeny, embryology, endoderm, evocation, extra-embryonic membrane, fetus (or foetus), gastrula, gastrulation, <bb>>germb>bb>> layer, <bb>>germb>bb>> plasm, <bb>>germb>bb>>, germination, induction, juvenile, larva, maternal effect, mesoderm, metamorphosis, morphogenesis, morula, neoteny, neural development, nymph, ontogeny, oosperm, ovism, paedogenesis, pangenesis, phylogeny, primordium, pupa, rudiment, teratology, zygote
The findings of developmental biology can help to understand (or some day, cure) developmental malfunctions such as chromosomal aberration, for example, down syndrome.
The related field of evolutionary developmental biology was formed largely in the 1990s and is a synthesis of findings from molecular developmental biology and evolutionary biology which considers the diversity of organismal form in an evolutionary context.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/d/de/developmental_biology.html (393 words)



Encyclopedia4U - Developmental biology - Encyclopedia Article

allantois, amnion, blastocyst, blastomere, blastula, blastulation, chorion, chrysalis, cleavage, ectoderm, embryo, embryogenesis, embryogeny, embryology, endoderm, evocation, extra-embryonic membrane, fetus (or foetus), gastrula, gastrulation, <bb>>germb>bb>> layer, <bb>>germb>bb>> plasm, <bb>>germb>bb>>, germination, induction, juvenile, larva, mesoderm, metamorphosis, morula, neoteny, neural development, nymph, ontogeny, oosperm, ovism, paedogenesis, pangenesis, phylogeny, primordium, pupa, rudiment, teratology, zygote
An understanding of the specialization of stem cells to specific tissues and organs could lead to the specific cloning of organs for medical purposes.

http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/d/developmental-biology.html (275 words)



eMedicine - Hair Anatomy : Article by Samer Alaiti, MD, FACP

The fibrous root sheath is the outermost layer of the hair follicle and surrounds the vitreous layer.
Anagen hairs vary in size from large terminal hairs, such as those on the scalp, to the small vellus hairs that cover almost the entire glabrous skin (except palms and soles).
During the telogen (resting) phase, the secondary follicular <bb>>germb>bb>> and the dermal papilla form the telogen germinal unit, from which the new anagen hair develops.

http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic10.htm (1964 words)



What's in Your Pet's Food?

Rice bran is the pericarp or bran layer and <bb>>germb>bb>> of the rice.
Rice gluten meal is the dried residue from rice after the removal of the larger part of the starch and <bb>>germb>bb>>, and separation of the bran by the process employed in the wet milling manufacture of rice starch or syrup, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm.
Rice hulls are a grain fraction, an inexpensive source of fiber that is considered a filler ingredient.

http://www.prestigepetproducts.com/WhatIsIt.htm (1964 words)



Integrative and Comparative Biology: Gastrulation in Calcareous Sponges: In Search of Haeckel's Gastraea1

In an attempt to understand gastrulation in calcareous sponges and determine whether there might be homology of the <bb>>germb>bb>> layers between the Calcarea and other metazoans, we have studied the development, metamorphosis, structure and function of the calcareous sponge Sycon, a member of the Calcaronea, the sponges studied by Haeckel and by his followers.
SYNOPSIS.Haeckel's studies of development in calcareous sponges (1872) led him to develop the "Gastraea Theory," which proposes that the ancestral mode of <bb>>germb>bb>> layer formation, or gastrulation, was by invagination to produce a functional gut.
The term is derived from the name given by Ernst Haeckel to a stage in the development of calcareous sponges, the gastrula, a ciliated egg-shaped larva with a mouth and a gut (Haeckel, 1872).

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200504/ai_n13640628 (1229 words)



Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Stomach

This stage of development of the tooth <bb>>germb>bb>> can be observed in s39.
Define the structures in the enamel organ and the layers observed within the developing (secretory) tooth.
This double bulbed structure is delimited by the outer enamel organ that is a thin layer of squamous cells a couple cell layers thick that is separated from the dental-sac cells by a basal lamina that is thin and not apparent.

http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f02/UpperGI/Lab.10.upper.GI.f02.html (1229 words)



Articles - Developmental biology

allantois, amnion, blastocyst, blastomere, blastula, blastulation, chorion, chrysalis, cleavage, embryo, embryogenesis, embryogeny, embryology, extra-embryonic membrane, fetus (or foetus), gastrula, gastrulation, <bb>>germb>bb>> layer, <bb>>germb>bb>> plasm, germination, induction, juvenile, larva, maternal effect, metamorphosis, genome, morphogenesis, morula, neoteny, neural development, nymph, ontogeny, oosperm, ovism, paedogenesis, pangenesis, phylogeny, primordium, pupa, rudiment, seed, teratology, zygote
An understanding of the specialization of cells during embryogenesis may shield information on how to specialize stem cells to specific tissues and organs, which could lead to the specific cloning of organs for medical purposes.
Often used model organisms in developmental biology include the following:

http://www.centralairconditioners.net/articles/Developmental_biology (499 words)



Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by Alveolar Macrophages Is Mediated by Reactive Oxidant Intermediates -- Philippe et al. 71 (6): 3034 -- Infection and Immunity

Note the <bb>>germb>bb>> tube (GT) emerging from the conidium (Co) and the alterations in the AM nucleus (N) and cytoplasmic organelles (C).
(Left) The cell wall of a germinated conidium labeled with FITC prior to infection is still seen intracellularly (G), but the mycelial portion that is intracellular is not labeled with the antiserum.
(<bb>>Bb>bb>>) The cell wall of a swollen conidium has a double electron-lucent layer under the electron-dense outer melanin layer that is in direct contact with the phagolysosome membrane.

http://iai.asm.org/cgi/content/full/71/6/3034 (4945 words)



Wheat, Bulgar, Bulghur, Couscous, Farina, Wheat Bran, Wheat <bb>>Germb>bb>>, Whole Wheat

Wheat bran, the outer layer of the grain, is rich in fiber and nutrients.
Wheat, Bulgar, Bulghur, Couscous, Farina, Wheat Bran, Wheat <bb>>Germb>bb>>, Whole Wheat
Wheat <bb>>germb>bb>> is the nutrient-rich core of the wheat kernel.

http://www.truestarhealth.com/Notes/1994002.html (1433 words)



The genus Gigaspora

Subcellular organization of spores consists only of a bilayered spore wall; <bb>>germb>bb>> tubes arise from a thin papillate (warty) layer arising from inner surface the laminate layer.
Tommerup, I.C. and Sivasithamparam, K. Zygospores and asexual spores of Gigaspora decipiens, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
Sexual spores have been reported for one species, Gigaspora decipiens (Tommerup, 1988; Tommerup and Sivasithamparam, 1990), but this has not been confirmed.

http://invam.caf.wvu.edu/fungi/taxonomy/Gigasporaceae/Gigaspora/Gigaspora.htm (202 words)



16anim3

The radiata develop only two <bb>>germb>bb>> layers, (ectoderm and endoderm but no mesoderm) and are therefore termed diploblastic (e.g., phylum Cnidaria)
All Bilaterally symmetrical animals develop three <bb>>germb>bb>> layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and are termed triploblastic.
The bodies are derived from two embryonic cell layers (diploblastic), the ectoderm and endoderm which are separated by a third gelatinous layer called the mesoglea (this is not the same as "Mesoderm").

http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/1116/16anim3.htm (202 words)



ARS Publication request: INFARARED BEAK TREATMENT VS. HOT-BLADE BEAK TRIMMING EFFECTS ON LAYING HEN WELL-BEING

The infrared beak system produces a high intensity heat that penetrates through the corneum layer down to the corneum growing basal tissue to burn the tip of beak and to stop <bb>>germb>bb>> layer growth.
Technical Abstract: Beak trimming (also named beak tipping, beak mutilation, debeaking or partial beak amputation), removal of 1/3 to 1/2 of the beak, is a routine practice in the poultry industry to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism in layers, broiler breeders, and turkeys.
However, there is considerable disparity of views on beak trimming among different social and professional groups, and there is a growing movement against husbandry practices which may cause pain and suffering in farm animals, including beak trimming.

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=161163 (347 words)



vlmn210.txt

The inner layer or the invaginated part of the blastoderm, which immediately encloses the gut-cavity is the entoderm, the inner or vegetal <bb>>germb>bb>>-layer, from which develop the wall of the alimentary canal and all its appendages, the coelom-pouches, etc. (Figures 1.35 and 1.36 i).
This must be regarded as the beginning of a rudimentary brain.
This important organ had hitherto been found only in the Vertebrates, not a single trace of it being discoverable in the Invertebrates.

http://www.knowledgerush.com/pg/etext04/vlmn210.txt (347 words)

Topic: <b>Germ</b> <b>layer<

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