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| | Gender - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | There is debate over to what extent gender is a social construct and to what extent it is a biological construct. | | | Gender can refer to the (biological) condition of being male or female, applied to humans, animals, plants, and other sexual species. | | | On the other side, in feminist theory, gender is used to refer solely to socially constructed differences between male and female behaviour, and the gender of a noun in many languages may have nothing to do with the concept described by it. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender
(1866 words)
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| | Gender role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In the social sciences and humanities, a gender role is a set of behavioral norms associated with males and with females, respectively, in a given social group or system. | | | Gender roles have long been a staple of the Nature/Nurture debate: Traditional theories of gender usually assume that one's gender identity, and hence one's gender role, is a natural given. | | | Gender roles can influence all kinds of behavior, such as choice of clothing, choice of work and personal relationships; E.g., parental status (See also Sociology of fatherhood). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role
(4161 words)
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| | Gender: Equality between men and women- ILO, International Labour Organization |
| | The role of the Bureau for Gender Equality, part of the Geneva-based Secretariat of the ILO, is to advocate for gender equality throughout the organization. | | | The five main elements of the action plan to operationalize gender mainstreaming are: strengthen institutional arrangements; introduce accountability and monitoring mechanisms; allocate adequate resources for gender mainstreaming; improve and increase staff's competence on gender; and improve the balance between women and men among staff at all levels. | | | The ILO's mandate on gender equality is to promote equality between all women and men in the world of work. |
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http://www.ilo.org/public/english/gender.htm
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| | Gay,Lesbian,Straight Education Network: The Language of Gender |
| | Gender Dysphoria: Unhappiness or discomfort with the gender role assigned by family and society to ones biological sex. | | | Gender Expression: Refers to the ways in which people externally communicate their gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyle, voice, and emphasizing, de-emphasizing, or changing their bodies' characteristics. | | | Since gender is a social construction, the terms we use to describe it are ever-changing and can never reflect the complex identities of all members of the LGBT and other communities. |
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http://www.glsen.org/cgi-bin/iowa/all/library/record/1646.html
(2039 words)
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| | Politicizing Gender |
| | Gender must be liberated, but we all must have a voice in what that means, not from an abstract pre-determined theory, but a synthesis of real people's experiences. | | | Gender was understood as oppressive because it created artificially constructed roles of feminine and masculine to legitimate male supremacy. | | | Minkowitz responded that she didn't believe there are any essential gender categories, and while transsexual's choice should be respected, there is no such thing as a true transsexual. |
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http://www.spunk.org/texts/pubs/lr/sp001714/gender.html
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| | gender |
| | Consequently, the gendered aspects of most children's ads (see Tables), undoubtedly contribute to the normative patterns of early gender role formation that leads to the social realities of gendered standards in scholastic tracking, occupational sectoring and salary hierarchy, reproductive roles, and familial dynamics. | | | This being so, how male and female children relate to one another within both same and cross gender social interactions is as likely to have been influenced by commercial performances as by the examples of their peers or even by the model of their family (Bandura, 1966; Smith, 1994). | | | After viewing thousands of ads with messages and images featuring gender specific toys and activities, portraying girls and boys as 'natural' opposites, advertisers are providing very young children with hegemonic, yet generally falsified portrayals of gender roles. |
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http://it.stlawu.edu/~advertiz/children/gender.html
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| | Health Systems and Gender |
| | Gender and health interactions are part of a broader context of institutionalised gender inequality in social and economic relationships, which goes beyond the provision of health services. | | | The second link between gender and health is that social relations between women and men result in inequalities in health outcomes, male-biased health service provision, and unequal access to and utilisation of health services. | | | Not only are the gender-specific needs of women less likely to be addressed than those of men, but women are less likely to be able to access and use modern health services. |
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http://www.eldis.org/healthsystems/gender
(634 words)
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| | The Mavens' Word of the Day |
| | Gender has also developed the nuance of 'the cultural or behavioral roles and attitudes traditionally associated with one sex'. | | | I say that what you read is a traditional statement of this issue, but that in current usage, your observation--that gender meaning 'sex' is very common--is accurate. | | | The original meaning of the word gender, to use the definition in the Random House Webster's College Dictionary, is: |
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http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19980612
(498 words)
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| | Azerbaijan Gender Information Center |
| | Problems of ensuring gender equity, legal protection of women, their equal participation in public activities, formation of gender culture is crucial for our country, which is in the transitional period. | | | Gender policy should be implemented in accordance with the principle "from bottom to top". | | | Gender in contemporary culture of Russian Federation and Republic of Armenia: comparative analysis. |
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http://gender-az.org/shablon_en.shtml?doc/en/pacebuild/priziv/priziv
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| | Eldis - Gender |
| | This report presents the main findings of a Gender Review carried out by DFID Bangladesh (DFIDB), which aimed to develop guidelines to help promote gender equality more effectively. | | | This article argues that progress on gender equality made during the transition to democracy in South Africa has not resulted in unambiguous gains for women in the post-apartheid era of development. | | | This on line journal considers gender advocacy on a number of levels in society from grassroots women demanding community-level change, to coalition-building to promote change to international trade.... |
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http://www.eldis.org/gender
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| | Gender |
| | Subjects are: gender inequality, women's studies, men's issues, and family dynamics. | | | Contains links listed by subject area including general gender related links, history of gender, masculinity, sexual orientation, and woman's studies. | | | This site contains information about gender inequality with an emphasis on women inequality. |
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http://www.sdsmt.edu/online-courses/is/soc100/Gender.htm
(79 words)
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| | Gender role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In the social sciences and humanities, a gender role is a set of behavioral norms associated with males and with females, respectively, in a given social group or system. | | | Gender roles have long been a staple of the Nature/Nurture debate: Traditional theories of gender usually assume that one's gender identity, and hence one's gender role, is a natural given. | | | Gender roles can influence all kinds of behavior, such as choice of clothing, choice of work and personal relationships; E.g., parental status (See also Sociology of fatherhood). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role
(4104 words)
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| | Atypical gender role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Gender role is a term used in the social sciences and humanities to denote a set of behavioral norms associated with a given gendered status (also called a gendered identity) in a given social group or system. | | | Typically these individuals maintain sets of gender signals (clothing, etc.) that are concordant with their external genitalia, and maintain sets of gender roles that are generally concordant with the expectations of the general society regarding the various kinds of behavior outside the domain of courtship, precoital, and coital behavior. | | | A person who exhibits a gender role at odds with the norm for their gender and class, in a society, is said to have an atypical gender role. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_gender_role
(1174 words)
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| | 5. Gender. The American Heritage Book of English Usage. 1996 |
| | The trouble with gender bias is that it often takes real effort to uncover it, even in your own writing, and you have to train yourself to look for it. | | | But the reforms involving gender are explicitly political in intent and represent a quest for social justice rather than a wish for more consistent logic. | | | Even if you are not convinced of the need for reforms to reduce gender bias, you ought to recognize that the use of language that has been called out as sexist can sometimes lead to ambiguity. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/64/5.html
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| | Oxfam - Gender - Gender Equality |
| | Nine papers on education and gender which contribute to improving policy development and practice by presenting new learning and examples of good practice in a clear and straightforward manner, with recommendations for action. | | | Oxfam's policy on gender equality- Our gender policy is a guide for staff and volunteers, helping to ensure our work improves the lives of both women and men and promotes gender equality. | | | Oxfam is concerned about gender inequality because the majority of the world’s poor are women: around 70 per cent of the 1.3 billion people who live in extreme poverty, on less than one dollar a day, are women and girls. |
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http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/gender
(515 words)
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| | Gender studies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Gender studies is a theoretical work in the social sciences or humanities that focuses on issues of sex and gender in language and society, and often addresses related issues including racial and ethnic oppression, postcolonial societies, and globalization. | | | While work in gender studies is principally found in humanities departments and publications (in areas such as English literature and other literary studies), it is also found in social-scientific areas such as anthropology, sociology, and psychology. | | | The aggregate body of literature in the field of psychology says little about gender in certain and absolute terms. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_studies
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| | Gender identity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | When, for instance, the gender identity of a person makes him a man, but his genitals are female, he may experience what is called gender dysphoria, i.e., a deep unhappiness caused by his experience of himself as a man and his lack of male genitals. | | | The related term, "gender role," has two meanings that in individual cases may be divergent: First, people's gender roles are the totality of the ways by which they express their gender identities. | | | The formation of a gender identity is a complex process that starts with conception, but which involves critical growth processes during gestation and even learning experiences after birth. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity
(1119 words)
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| | Gender identity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | When, for instance, the gender identity of a person makes him a man, but his genitals are female, he may experience what is called gender dysphoria, i.e., a deep unhappiness caused by his experience of himself as a man and his lack of male genitals. | | | The related term, "gender role," has two meanings that in individual cases may be divergent: First, people's gender roles are the totality of the ways by which they express their gender identities. | | | The formation of a gender identity is a complex process that starts with conception, but which involves critical growth processes during gestation and even learning experiences after birth. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity
(1113 words)
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| | THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 15, Ch. 192, Psychosexual Disorders |
| | Gender role behaviors fall on a continuum of traditional masculinity or femininity. | | | Although biologic factors, such as gender complement and the prenatal hormonal milieu, largely determine gender identity, the formation of a secure, unconflicted gender identity and gender role is influenced by social factors, such as the character of the parents' emotional bond and the relationship that each of them has with the child. | | | Core gender identity is a subjective sense of knowing to which gender one belongs, ie, the awareness that "I am a male" or "I am a female." Gender identity is the inner sense of masculinity or femininity. |
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http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section15/chapter192/192c.jsp
(1107 words)
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| | Idea Group Reference |
| | Hundreds of leading international experts have compiled their research about the role of gender in human interaction with IT and the IT profession. | | | Cross-referencing of key terms, figures, and information pertinent to gender and IT | | | The Encyclopedia of Gender and Information Technology is the only reference work that provides an all-encompassing perspective on the way gender and information technology impact each other. |
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http://www.info-sci-pub.com/encyclopedia/details.asp?ID=5067
(282 words)
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| | When is it sex difference and when is it gender difference? |
| | Outcomes data therefore demonstrate gender difference because it is impossible to tell whether health outcomes are 100% attributable to the biology of males and females or whether they are some mixture of the interaction between biology and the environment within which men and women experience them. | | | Gender differences by definition take into consideration the fact that outside the test tube it is impossible to control for the interactions between people and their environment. | | | It is therefore more common to use gender differences as a blanket term for sex and gender difference when speaking about people b ecause you can’t separate them from their environment. |
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http://www.med.monash.edu.au/gendermed/difference.html
(286 words)
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| | Sociology at Wisconsin - Research and Interest Areas |
| | Sociology of Gender: The sociology of gender focuses on the social construction of gender and on gender as a fundamental basis of social stratification. | | | The sociology of technology includes themes such as the impacts and implications of particular technologies and practices in realms such as agriculture, environment, and medicine; analysis of the nature of technological risks, risk assessment methods, and the validity of "risk society" theories; and the relations between technology and public policy. | | | Communities and Urban Sociology: The Sociology of Communities focuses broadly on communities as systems of social relationships, with regard to their structure, function, relations with larger systems, and the processes that lead to change. |
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http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/soctest/grad/research.html
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| | Archaeology - Internet-Encyclopedia.com |
| | Other subfields of anthropology supplement the findings of archaeology, especially cultural anthropology (which studies behavioral, symbolic, as well as material dimensions of culture) and physical anthropology (which includes the study of human evolution and osteology). | | | Britain was one of the first countries to develop a systematic approach to archaeology and to recognise it as a discipline in its own right (though the debate over whether it is an "art" or a "science" continues). | | | Archaeology (or archeology) is the scientific study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. |
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http://www.internet-encyclopedia.com/ie/a/ar/archaeology.html
(2821 words)
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| | Hexapedia - Pejorative terms for failed gender roles |
| | Pejorative terms for failed gender roles arise when some group in a society looks at individuals and decides that some performances of gender role behavior are in some way unsatisfactory. | | | There are probably as many gender roles as there are individuals, although they will fall into broadly similar groups most of the time. | | | Here is a list of some of the most common pejorative terms for gender roles that some people find objectionable, unsatisfactory, or inadequate: |
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http://www.hexafind.com/encyclopedia/Pejorative_terms_for_failed_gender_roles
(358 words)
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| | Curriculum Resources/Demonstrations |
| | The Gender Role Strain paradigm, originally formulated by Joseph Pleck in The Myth of Masculinity (1981), is the forerunner, in the new psychology of men, of social constructionism, and of modern critical thinking about masculinity, having been formulated before social constructionism emerged as a new perspective on masculinity (Pleck, 1995). | | | In this paradigm, appropriate gender roles are determined by the prevailing gender ideology (which is operationally defined by gender role stereotypes and norms), and are imposed on the developing child by parents, teachers, and peers -- the cultural transmitters who subscribe to the prevailing gender ideology. | | | The notion behind dysfunction strain is that the fulfillment of the requirements of the male code can be dysfunctional because many of the characteristics viewed as desirable in men can have negative side effects on the men themselves and on those close to them. |
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http://www.apa.org/ed/men.html
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| | Mary Holmes |
| | Sociology of gender, sociology of intimacy and emotions, sociology of the body. | | | Mary does research on gender, intimacy, emotions, and on sociology of the body. | | | Gathering together many of the key insights into gender over recent years, Mary is writing a book for Sage, which will critically explore the relative strengths of material and symbolic approaches to understanding gender and gender inequalities. |
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http://www.abdn.ac.uk/sociology/staff/maryH.php
(372 words)
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| | Aimee Van Wagenen Wrin |
| | Butler's emphasis on the ritual repetition of heterosexualized gender, the excess of the reified construction of gender, and on the instability of categories of gender marks one rift between her project and the social constructionist project. | | | to "do" gender is not always to live up to normative conceptions of femininity or masculinity; it is to engage in behavior at the risk of gender assessment. | | | They may consciously orient their doings of gender so the outcome is assessed as gender-appropriate or purposively gender-inappropriateeither way individuals orient their behavior with the knowledge that by being assessed, they will be held accountable for their doing of gender. |
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http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/soc/SocialMoments/vanwag7.htm
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| | IJ TRANSGENDER - Gender Role Reversal among Postoperative Transsexuals |
| | Gender role behavior and the verbal expression of regret are relevant dimensions. | | | Apart from the biographical data, special attention was given to: the development of (cross)gender identity and gender role (early and late onset), (the motives for) cross-dressing, the psycho-sexual development, body-satisfaction, present and past psychiatric history, the manifestation of the wish to undergo SRS, expectations towards the results of the SR process. | | | One person (MF) felt stable and confident in the new gender, one person felt in-between, and one person reported to have a fluctuating gender identity. |
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http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ijtc0502.htm
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| | Graduate Cluster: Families, Work and Gender |
| | A major objective of the Family - Gender, Work studies program is to ensure that students have an opportunity to present papers at professional meetings and gain publication experience during their graduate career. | | | Gender Studies at Penn are listed with Family Studies because of the strong complementarity of faculty interest in these areas and not because Gender Studies are limited to family issues. | | | In addition, a large number of courses are available to students with a concentration in family and gender studies through the Women's Studies Program, Anthropology, History, Economics, Law, Social Work and related disciplines. |
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http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/soc/Graduate/gradclusterfamilyworkgender.html
(492 words)
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| | Sociology |
| | Sociology of culture involves topics such as: (1) the interpretation of the symbol systems that constitute meaningful resources for social action, (2) the analysis of the processes through which patterns of meaning are socially reproduced, and (3) the study of the interaction between culture change and social change. | | | Sociology faculty affiliated with this Program have research interests across the broad spectrum of science studies, from the philosophy and history of science to the organization of scientific discovery and the culture of specific work. | | | Some previous work in sociology or the social and behavioral sciences is advisable, but not required. |
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http://www.ucsd.edu/catalog/0506/curric/SOC.html
(5028 words)
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