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<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Genderb>bb>> roles have long been a staple of the Nature/Nurture debate: Traditional theories of <bb>>genderb>bb>> usually assume that one's <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, and hence one's <bb>>genderb>bb>> role, is a natural given.
When an individual exhibits a <bb>>genderb>bb>> role that is discordant with his or her <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, it is most often done to deliberately provoke a sense of incongruity and a humorous reaction to the attempts of a person of one sex to pass himself or herself off as a member of the opposite sex.
In the social sciences and humanities, a <bb>>genderb>bb>> role is a set of behavioral norms associated with males and with females, respectively, in a given social group or system.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role (4161 words)



Gay,Lesbian,Straight Education Network: The Language of <bb>>Genderb>bb>>

<bb>>Genderb>bb>> Expression: Refers to the ways in which people externally communicate their <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyle, voice, and emphasizing, de-emphasizing, or changing their bodies' characteristics.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> Dysphoria: Unhappiness or discomfort with the <bb>>genderb>bb>> role assigned by family and society to ones biological sex.
Since <bb>>genderb>bb>> is a social construction, the terms we use to describe it are ever-changing and can never reflect the complex identities of all members of the LGBT and other communities.

http://www.glsen.org/cgi-bin/iowa/all/library/record/1646.html (2039 words)



THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 15, Ch. 192, Psychosexual Disorders

Although biologic factors, such as <bb>>genderb>bb>> complement and the prenatal hormonal milieu, largely determine <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, the formation of a secure, unconflicted <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and <bb>>genderb>bb>> role is influenced by social factors, such as the character of the parents' emotional bond and the relationship that each of them has with the child.
Core <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is a subjective sense of knowing to which <bb>>genderb>bb>> one belongs, ie, the awareness that "I am a male" or "I am a female." <bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity is the inner sense of masculinity or femininity.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity disorder is not diagnosed if a person engages in cross-dressing or other cross-<bb>>genderb>bb>> activities without concurrent psychologic distress or functional impairment or if a person has a physical intersex condition (eg, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ambiguous genitalia, androgen insensitivity syndrome).

http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section15/chapter192/192c.jsp (1107 words)



Politicizing <bb>>Genderb>bb>>

<bb>>Genderb>bb>> must be liberated, but we all must have a voice in what that means, not from an abstract pre-determined theory, but a synthesis of real people's experiences.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> was understood as oppressive because it created artificially constructed roles of feminine and masculine to legitimate male supremacy.
Minkowitz responded that she didn't believe there are any essential <bb>>genderb>bb>> categories, and while transsexual's choice should be respected, there is no such thing as a true transsexual.

http://www.spunk.org/texts/pubs/lr/sp001714/gender.html (2714 words)



<bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

When, for instance, the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity of a person makes him a man, but his genitals are female, he may experience what is called <bb>>genderb>bb>> dysphoria, i.e., a deep unhappiness caused by his experience of himself as a man and his lack of male genitals.
The formation of a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is a complex process that starts with conception, but which involves critical growth processes during gestation and even learning experiences after birth.
Alternatively, some people who experience <bb>>genderb>bb>> dysphoria retain the genitalia that they were born with (see transsexual for some of the possible reasons), but adopt a <bb>>genderb>bb>> role that is consonant with what they perceive as their <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity (1119 words)



<bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

When, for instance, the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity of a person makes him a man, but his genitals are female, he may experience what is called <bb>>genderb>bb>> dysphoria, i.e., a deep unhappiness caused by his experience of himself as a man and his lack of male genitals.
The related term, "<bb>>genderb>bb>> role," has two meanings that in individual cases may be divergent: First, people's <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles are the totality of the ways by which they express their <bb>>genderb>bb>> identities.
The formation of a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is a complex process that starts with conception, but which involves critical growth processes during gestation and even learning experiences after birth.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity (1113 words)



Feminism and Women's Studies: Sexual Identity and <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Identity Glossary

In particular, these definitions assume the existence of two and only two each of sexes, genders, and sex/<bb>>genderb>bb>> roles, which are separate and distinct from one another; but many people see them as overlapping, closely related, or as a limited view or model of a much richer reality.
Sexual identity refers to how one thinks of oneself in terms of whom one is sexually and romantically attracted to, specifically whether one is attracted to members of the same <bb>>genderb>bb>> as one's own or the other <bb>>genderb>bb>> than one's own.
The existence and perpetuation of <bb>>genderb>bb>> and sexual identities is based in the historic and continuing oppression (systematic mistreatment condoned by society as a whole) of people do not conform to certain aspects of society's <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles.

http://feminism.eserver.org/sexual-gender-identity.txt (1113 words)



eMedicine - Sexuality: <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Identity : Article by Shuvo Ghosh, MD

However, physicians should remember that all individuals possess a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and that the process of becoming aware of it is an important part of the psychosocial development of a child.
The topic of <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is often discussed merely in terms of dysfunction, and the diagnosis of <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity disorder is a known phenomenon in both children and adults.
Subsequent <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and <bb>>genderb>bb>> role are typically incongruent with the biologic sex of the patient.

http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2789.htm (5555 words)



<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Genderb>bb>> roles have long been a staple of the Nature/Nurture debate: Traditional theories of <bb>>genderb>bb>> usually assume that one's <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, and hence one's <bb>>genderb>bb>> role, is a natural given.
When an individual exhibits a <bb>>genderb>bb>> role that is discordant with his or her <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, it is most often done to deliberately provoke a sense of incongruity and a humorous reaction to the attempts of a person of one sex to pass himself or herself off as a member of the opposite sex.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role can vary according to the social group to which a person belongs or the subculture with which he or she chooses to identify.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role (4104 words)



May 2003:Helping Adolescents Develop a Healthy Sexual Identity

Sexual orientation, core <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and sex/<bb>>genderb>bb>> roles are all important parts of sexual identity, but none of these by itself makes up the entire story.
Sexual or <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles are characteristics, behaviors, and interests defined by society or culture as appropriate for members of each <bb>>genderb>bb>>.
Core <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity usually develops in childhood and is the sense of oneself as male or female, a boy or girl.

http://www.sfms.org/sfm/sfm503c.htm (4104 words)



FS: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth Issues

During adolescence, young people tend to experience their first adult erotic feelings, experiment with sexual behaviors, and develop a strong sense of their own <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and sexual orientation
Same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> attraction and anticipated future same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> sexual experience was reported by 4.4 percent and same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> sexual fantasy by 4.4 percent of respondents.
In Minnesota, of 36,254 respondents in the seventh to twelfth grades, 1.1 percent of students described themselves as bisexual, mostly homosexual, or 100 percent homosexual. Same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> sexual attraction and anticipated future same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> sexual experience was reported by 5.1 percent, and same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> sexual fantasy was reported by 2.8 percent of respondents.

http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact0013.html (4104 words)



FQS 2(1) Natilene Irain Bowker: Understanding Online Communities Through Multiple Methodologies Combined Under a Postmodern Research Endeavour

Extracts three to seven, which concentrated on <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity exploration, indicated participants were conceptualising <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity manipulation as a strategic mechanism for either protection against sexual objectification, or as a tool for experimentation whether that included amusement or challenging behavioural boundaries.
Results suggested that <bb>>genderb>bb>> socialisation, with respect to the way men are taught to explore beyond their boundaries, extends to the online arena regarding differentiation in degrees of identity exploration between male and female chat users.
Interviewees' emphasis on stability in identity may shed some light on why a majority of survey respondents, irrespective of <bb>>genderb>bb>>, adopted a regular nickname consistent with their RL <bb>>genderb>bb>>, while at the same time men were found to be more likely to explore aspects of their identity.

http://qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-01/1-01bowker-e.htm (4104 words)



The HBIGDA 'Standards Of Care' (Version 6, 2001)

The true transsexual was thought to be a person with a characteristic path of atypical <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity development that predicted an improved life from a treatment sequence that culminated in genital surgery.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity disorders in childhood are not equivalent to those in adulthood and the former do not inevitably lead to the latter.
A clinical threshold is passed when concerns, uncertainties, and questions about <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity persist during a person's development, become so intense as to seem to be the most important aspect of a person's life, or prevent the establishment of a relatively unconflicted <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity.

http://www.pfc.org.uk/medical/soc2001.htm (9137 words)



One article for the XVth World Congress of Sexology-Paris2001

If the social environment and the sex of rearing is syncronous with the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, and also the genitals naturally or surgically are in harmony, the child is normal, with no problem or dysphoria --- this way lives the great majority of humans.
If the social pressure is syncronous or lightly assincronous with the neuro-psychical <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity--- lived by the child as a deep feeling to be a boy or a girl--- the identity naturally stabilizes in a steady state.
The social rearing cant change or form the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, but may disturb the life of the <bb>>genderb>bb>> dysphoric, if in assyncronicity with the neural <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity.

http://waleriatorres.tripod.com.br/englishtour/id9.html (9137 words)



Mermaids - <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Identity Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Criteria A and <bb>>Bb>bb>> (Last section) refer to two aspects of the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity disorder: A to evidence of cross-<bb>>genderb>bb>> identification and <bb>>Bb>bb>> to the experience of discomfort about the biological sex and the feeling of inappropriateness in the <bb>>genderb>bb>> role of that sex.
The recognition and non-judgmental acceptance of the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity problem, which is not the result of the child's conscious choice, is important.
The parents' wish for a child of the other sex or direct parental pressure in rearing the child in the <bb>>genderb>bb>> role opposite to the biological sex is not sufficient on its own to produce a marked <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity disorder.

http://www.mermaids.freeuk.com/journal.html (9137 words)



Intersections: Performing Sexual Identity: Naming and Resisting 'Gayness' in Modern Thailand

In this paper, I will attend to the 'censorship' inherent[25] in the linguistic production of <bb>>genderb>bb>> and sexuality in Thai social contexts by examining two critical events.
In her study of <bb>>genderb>bb>> and sexuality in Thailand, Rosalind Morris found herself 'astounded by the plasticity and heterogeneity of Thai <bb>>genderb>bb>> and sexual identity.'[49] Living in Thailand, I myself took note of two young male shop assistants who were wearing a brush of eye shadow.
The need to unravel sex, <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles, patterns of sexual behaviour and sexual meaning, and to move away from the confinement of binary <bb>>genderb>bb>> categories is well-noted.

http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue2/Storer.html (9137 words)



Sex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Discordances between the biological and psychosocial levels, such as when the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity does not match the anatomic sex, or between the various psychosocial levels, such as when the <bb>>genderb>bb>> role does not match the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, are even more common but less well understood.
The degree to which a person's <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is affected by hormones, by genetic factors distinct from hormones, by early education, by social factors, and by "existential choice" remains imperfectly understood and a subject of contention.
However, for these people the relationships between biological factors (such as hormones) and environmental factors and the psychosocial levels of sexual identity such as <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and sexual orientation have proven to be complex, with plenty of exceptions to proposed theoretical systems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex (9137 words)



Primacy and Influence: <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Identity and Expression in Sexual - NTAC

In this, their third edition of a core reference in the study of human <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and expression, two of the worldís leading feminist psychologists in experimental linguistic and social psychologies of women have critically and comprehensively analyzed <bb>>genderb>bb>> theories and research.
Both the <bb>>genderb>bb>> expressions and the <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles attributed to sexual orientation and the actual expression and roles of a same-<bb>>genderb>bb>> attraction are <bb>>genderb>bb>> expression.
The viewer's horror lies in the recognition that this monstrous being is at the heart of his or her own identity, for it is all that must be ejected or abjected from self-image to make the bounded, category-obeying self possible.

http://www.ntac.org/studies/gieso2.html (9137 words)



Atypical <bb>>genderb>bb>> role - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role is a term used in the social sciences and humanities to denote a set of behavioral norms associated with a given gendered status (also called a gendered identity) in a given social group or system.
A person who has normal male genitalia and identifies himself as a man will usually take up a masculine <bb>>genderb>bb>> role, a role in society that will be viewed by the other people in his society as a normal and expected kind of thing for a man to do.
But people who have unusual <bb>>genderb>bb>> identities or sexual identities may be far less likely to take up a conventional <bb>>genderb>bb>> role.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_gender_role (1174 words)



eMedicine - Sexuality: <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Identity : Article by Shuvo Ghosh, MD

However, physicians should remember that all individuals possess a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and that the process of becoming aware of it is an important part of the psychosocial development of a child.
The topic of <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is often discussed merely in terms of dysfunction, and the diagnosis of <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity disorder is a known phenomenon in both children and adults.
Although <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity is usually female, many XO individuals have significant psychologic stress because of their infertility, their appearance, and, in some, the awareness of their genetic profile, which may make them feel inadequate or incomplete as females.

http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2789.htm (1174 words)



Curriculum Resources/Demonstrations

The <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Role Strain paradigm, originally formulated by Joseph Pleck in The Myth of Masculinity (1981), is the forerunner, in the new psychology of men, of social constructionism, and of modern critical thinking about masculinity, having been formulated before social constructionism emerged as a new perspective on masculinity (Pleck, 1995).
In this paradigm, appropriate <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles are determined by the prevailing <bb>>genderb>bb>> ideology (which is operationally defined by <bb>>genderb>bb>> role stereotypes and norms), and are imposed on the developing child by parents, teachers, and peers -- the cultural transmitters who subscribe to the prevailing <bb>>genderb>bb>> ideology.
From such a perspective, the development of appropriate <bb>>genderb>bb>> role identity is viewed as a failure-prone process; and, failure for men to achieve a masculine <bb>>genderb>bb>> role identity is thought to result in homosexuality, negative attitudes towards women, or defensive hypermasculinity.

http://www.apa.org/ed/men.html (1174 words)



The Role of Androgens in Male <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Role Behavior -- Wilson 20 (5): 726 -- Endocrine Reviews

Meyer-Bahlburg HFL 1994 Intersexuality and the diagnosis of <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity disorder.
Gooren L, Cohen-Kettenis PT 1991 Development of male <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity/role and a sexual orientation towards women in a 46,XY subject with an incomplete form of the androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Slijper FME 1984 Androgens and <bb>>genderb>bb>> role behavior in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/20/5/726 (8340 words)



IJ TRANSGENDER - <bb>>Genderb>bb>> Role Reversal among Postoperative Transsexuals

Apart from the biographical data, special attention was given to: the development of (cross)<bb>>genderb>bb>> identity and <bb>>genderb>bb>> role (early and late onset), (the motives for) cross-dressing, the psycho-sexual development, body-satisfaction, present and past psychiatric history, the manifestation of the wish to undergo SRS, expectations towards the results of the SR process.
One person (MF) felt stable and confident in the new <bb>>genderb>bb>>, one person felt in-between, and one person reported to have a fluctuating <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role behavior and the verbal expression of regret are relevant dimensions.

http://www.symposion.com/ijt/ijtc0502.htm (4204 words)



FINDING THE KURDS A WAY: KURDISTAN AND THE DISCOURSE OF THE NATION-STATE

This historical identity is problematic because of its emphasis on a specific origin (what about cultures who cannot trace their identity to ancient civilizations?), but it does provide context for the way Kurds identify with Kurdishness.
Their basic goals are to consider cultural identities without reference to "some distant or fantasized past," and to identify culture without essentializing--to recognize both "the historical construction of identity and the possibility that identity can be transformed in the future" (Peller, 1992, p.
His first move is to accept Kenneth Burke’s notion of identification (Burke, 1954, 1961); the idea that social identity occurs "prior to persuasion." He then posits that these identifications are rhetorical -- they are "discursive effects that induce human cooperation" (Charland, 1987, p.

http://www.utexas.edu/courses/speclass/intern98/kuswax.html (10183 words)



<bb>>Genderb>bb>> role - Free Encyclopedia

Some of the <bb>>genderb>bb>> signals that form part of a <bb>>genderb>bb>> role and indicate one's <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity to others are quite obvious, and others are so subtle that they are transmitted and received out of ordinary conscious awareness.
See also: <bb>>Genderb>bb>> and sexuality studies, <bb>>Genderb>bb>> studies, <bb>>Genderb>bb>> identity, girly girl, Sexual orientation, Feminism, Masculinism, Symbolic-interactionism, Patriarchy, Queer theory,Butch, Femme.
Considerable debate exists as to whether <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles are biologically mandated, in the sense of the behavioral traits arising primarily from the biology of sex; or culturally mandated, in the sense of behavioral traits arising from early socialization.

http://www.wacklepedia.com/g/ge/gender_role.html (2010 words)



Sexual identity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term sexual identity is used by psychologists and some recent writers in the general area of sexology to describe the <bb>>genderb>bb>> or sex with which a person identifies, or is identified.
Much criticism has been raised against surgical reassignment until the individual is able to make an autonomous decision because the <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity of the individual is generally more important to the individual than the technicalities of chromosomal sex, and even genitalia.
This article refers to sexual identity as used by sexologists, rather than to sexual orientation, sexual behaviour, <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, <bb>>genderb>bb>> role or sex

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_identity (2010 words)



VoS - Voice of the Shuttle

In general, as an emerging interdisciplinary field, Queer Studies seeks to critique identity politics and destabilize notions of normative or essentialized sexuality and <bb>>genderb>bb>>.
<bb>>Genderb>bb>> and Sexuality ("page publishes texts which address <bb>>genderb>bb>> studies and queer studies, with a particular focus upon discussions of sex, <bb>>genderb>bb>>, sexual identity and sexuality in cultural practices")
<bb>>genderb>bb>> Inn (bilingual German and English site; "searchable database providing access to over 8,300 records pertaining to feminist theory, feminist literary criticism and <bb>>genderb>bb>> studies focusing on English and American literature")

http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2711 (3333 words)



Public Affairs U8500

The purpose of this course is to expose students to critical perspectives on identity, focusing in particular on <bb>>genderb>bb>>, race, and sexual identity, and to explore the implications of these perspectives for how we understand and think about creating workplaces that are both more equitable and more productive.
The course begins with a discussion of the meaning of identity and introduces the notion of power as a central feature in the socially constructed meaning of different identities.
Herek, Gregory M. On heterosexual masculinity: Some psychical consequences of the social construction of <bb>>genderb>bb>> and sexuality.

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gables/documents/syllabus.ely.html (3333 words)



heteronormativity: Information From Answers.com

do not develop a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity that corresponds to their body; in fact, several never develop a <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity that is plainly male or female.
Thus, physical sex, <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, and <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles should in any given person all align to either male or female norms, and heterosexuality is considered to be the only normal sexual orientation.
This concept was formulated for use in the exploration and critique of the traditional norms of sex, <bb>>genderb>bb>> identity, <bb>>genderb>bb>> roles and sexuality, and of the social implications of those institutions.

http://www.answers.com/topic/heteronormativity (1583 words)



Why We're Gendered Beings...Theological Refelections on Sexual Identity by Gary W. Deddo, Ph.D.

Relations between persons of the same <bb>>genderb>bb>> cannot image in their sexual attraction or in any sexual behavior [8] the differentiation essential to the marital relations of a man and woman.
Non-erotic feelings and expression of affection between persons of the same <bb>>genderb>bb>> are not being questioned here, even though there is a possibility that they to might possibly be occasion for the arousal and expression of erotic feelings and behavior.
Homosexuality then de-sexualizes and depersonalizes the partner by regarding their <bb>>genderb>bb>> as morally and spiritual irrelevant.[9] The sexual dimension of the relationship is rendered a spiritually meaningless act.[10] The act is referred to as sexual only because the organs used are called sex organs.

http://www.trinitystudycenter.com/topical/gender.shtml (1583 words)

Topic: <b>Gender</b> <b>identity<

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